KLF4 N-Terminal Variance Modulates Induced Reprogramming to
... role of transcription factor coordination in driving somatic cells toward pluripotency. Early mechanistic studies using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were conducted through de novo introduction of viral vectors, each expressing an individual (monocistronic) reprogramming factor (Brambrink et al ...
... role of transcription factor coordination in driving somatic cells toward pluripotency. Early mechanistic studies using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were conducted through de novo introduction of viral vectors, each expressing an individual (monocistronic) reprogramming factor (Brambrink et al ...
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... refractile and are engulfed by the sheath cells, which are part of the somatic gonad and which express the scavenger receptor-like protein CED-1 on their cell surface (Zhou et al., 2001). Therefore, constitutive germ cell apoptosis was quantified using a combination of DIC and CED-1::GFP (Plim-7ced- ...
... refractile and are engulfed by the sheath cells, which are part of the somatic gonad and which express the scavenger receptor-like protein CED-1 on their cell surface (Zhou et al., 2001). Therefore, constitutive germ cell apoptosis was quantified using a combination of DIC and CED-1::GFP (Plim-7ced- ...
Small molecules that regulate lifespan
... by causing the organism to mount a defence response. The hormesis hypothesis of CR, therefore, is based on the idea that low calorie intake is in itself a mild stress, which invokes a general stress response that promotes better health and longer life. This theory explains why CR animals are more re ...
... by causing the organism to mount a defence response. The hormesis hypothesis of CR, therefore, is based on the idea that low calorie intake is in itself a mild stress, which invokes a general stress response that promotes better health and longer life. This theory explains why CR animals are more re ...
The onset of pigment epithelial proliferation after retinal
... Other in vivo examples of stimulus-dependent DNA synthesis and cell division in mitotically quiescent cell populations occur in mammalian liver, kidney, uterine and lens epithelium, mammary gland, and several other tissues.18 In all these examples, the proliferative response occurs after a single st ...
... Other in vivo examples of stimulus-dependent DNA synthesis and cell division in mitotically quiescent cell populations occur in mammalian liver, kidney, uterine and lens epithelium, mammary gland, and several other tissues.18 In all these examples, the proliferative response occurs after a single st ...
medline:93194904
... T cell-specific negative regulation of transcription of the human cytokine IL-4. IL-4 secreted by activated T cells is a pleiotropic cytokine affecting growth and differentiation of diverse cell types such as T cells, B cells, and mast cells. We investigated the upstream regulatory elements of the h ...
... T cell-specific negative regulation of transcription of the human cytokine IL-4. IL-4 secreted by activated T cells is a pleiotropic cytokine affecting growth and differentiation of diverse cell types such as T cells, B cells, and mast cells. We investigated the upstream regulatory elements of the h ...
GLABRA2 Directly Suppresses Basic Helix-Loop
... paralog of RHD6, has a function partly redundant with that of RHD6 in the initiation of root hair development (Menand et al., 2007). Other VIIIc subfamily genes, RSL2/bHLH85 and RSL4/bHLH54, are functionally redundant with each other in root hair elongation (Yi et al., 2010). Post-translational indu ...
... paralog of RHD6, has a function partly redundant with that of RHD6 in the initiation of root hair development (Menand et al., 2007). Other VIIIc subfamily genes, RSL2/bHLH85 and RSL4/bHLH54, are functionally redundant with each other in root hair elongation (Yi et al., 2010). Post-translational indu ...
Regulation of mTORC1 by amino acids
... [14,16] – converting it from the active GTP-bound state to the inactive GDP-bound state. The TSC complex, whose loss underlies a hamartomatous syndrome of the same name [17,18], serves as a central hub for numerous extracellular and intracellular inputs including mitogen and growth factor signaling ...
... [14,16] – converting it from the active GTP-bound state to the inactive GDP-bound state. The TSC complex, whose loss underlies a hamartomatous syndrome of the same name [17,18], serves as a central hub for numerous extracellular and intracellular inputs including mitogen and growth factor signaling ...
Single-cell absolute contact probability detection reveals
... 3D-SIM microscopy (Fig. S3e). Finally, changes in Hi-C contact frequency of S2 vs. late embryo for the 69 TAD borders were notable in the sub-Mb scale (200-600 kb), and they extended to genomic distances as high as ~10 Mb (Fig. 3d), suggesting that changes in chromosome compaction between cell t ...
... 3D-SIM microscopy (Fig. S3e). Finally, changes in Hi-C contact frequency of S2 vs. late embryo for the 69 TAD borders were notable in the sub-Mb scale (200-600 kb), and they extended to genomic distances as high as ~10 Mb (Fig. 3d), suggesting that changes in chromosome compaction between cell t ...
Biochemical bases of appearance and texture changes in fresh
... lipid alkoxyl and peroxyl radicals involved in membrane deterioration (Espı́n et al., 2000b). It is difficult to ascribe a role to calcium in modulating PPO activity; however, a role in maintaining cell and membrane integrity has been well established (Poovaiah, 1986). It is likely that a formulatio ...
... lipid alkoxyl and peroxyl radicals involved in membrane deterioration (Espı́n et al., 2000b). It is difficult to ascribe a role to calcium in modulating PPO activity; however, a role in maintaining cell and membrane integrity has been well established (Poovaiah, 1986). It is likely that a formulatio ...
Small molecules that regulate lifespan: evidence for xenohormesis
... by causing the organism to mount a defence response. The hormesis hypothesis of CR, therefore, is based on the idea that low calorie intake is in itself a mild stress, which invokes a general stress response that promotes better health and longer life. This theory explains why CR animals are more re ...
... by causing the organism to mount a defence response. The hormesis hypothesis of CR, therefore, is based on the idea that low calorie intake is in itself a mild stress, which invokes a general stress response that promotes better health and longer life. This theory explains why CR animals are more re ...
Identification and characterization of subpopulations
... continuously in the ICM, epiblast and PrE. Rex1 (also known as Zfp42) is commonly used as a landmark of pluripotency and is strongly expressed in the ICM, but downregulated in the epiblast and PrE (Rogers et al., 1991; Pelton et al., 2002). Hence, we can distinguish the epiblast and PrE from the ICM ...
... continuously in the ICM, epiblast and PrE. Rex1 (also known as Zfp42) is commonly used as a landmark of pluripotency and is strongly expressed in the ICM, but downregulated in the epiblast and PrE (Rogers et al., 1991; Pelton et al., 2002). Hence, we can distinguish the epiblast and PrE from the ICM ...
Mitochondria Know No Boundaries: Mechanisms and Functions of
... capacity of alveolar macrophages to engulf invading bacteria in an E.coli pneumonia model (Jackson et al., 2016). Based on these results, it has been proposed that cell stress is required for organelle transfer. Mitochondrial transfer is triggered by an almost complete absence of mitochondrial funct ...
... capacity of alveolar macrophages to engulf invading bacteria in an E.coli pneumonia model (Jackson et al., 2016). Based on these results, it has been proposed that cell stress is required for organelle transfer. Mitochondrial transfer is triggered by an almost complete absence of mitochondrial funct ...
Transcription Factor c-Rel B κ Regulation of the IL-21 Gene by the NF-
... initiator of Th17 development in an IL-6–independent pathway (24, 25). It could furthermore induce IL-23R expression on activated CD4+ T cells and maintain the expansion of differentiated Th17 cells, which in turn produced high levels of IL-21. Accordingly, IL-21 has been proposed to have an autocri ...
... initiator of Th17 development in an IL-6–independent pathway (24, 25). It could furthermore induce IL-23R expression on activated CD4+ T cells and maintain the expansion of differentiated Th17 cells, which in turn produced high levels of IL-21. Accordingly, IL-21 has been proposed to have an autocri ...
Human microcephaly ASPM protein is a spindle pole
... when the activity of kinesin-14 or a centrosomal MT nucleation factor is suppressed; normally, kinesin-14 and CDK5RAP2 are active enough to mask the function of ASPM in this cell type. This scenario may hold true for many other cell types in mammals. In a mouse model, mutations in Aspm cause a reduc ...
... when the activity of kinesin-14 or a centrosomal MT nucleation factor is suppressed; normally, kinesin-14 and CDK5RAP2 are active enough to mask the function of ASPM in this cell type. This scenario may hold true for many other cell types in mammals. In a mouse model, mutations in Aspm cause a reduc ...
Requirements for CPC localization during anaphase
... Figure 2: Schematic representation of the CPC. Interactions within the complex are represented by white arrowheads. Survivin and Borealin interact with the N terminus of INCENP, Aurora B interacts with the IN box of INCENP, which is at the C terminus of INCENP. Borealin and Survivin also bind ...
... Figure 2: Schematic representation of the CPC. Interactions within the complex are represented by white arrowheads. Survivin and Borealin interact with the N terminus of INCENP, Aurora B interacts with the IN box of INCENP, which is at the C terminus of INCENP. Borealin and Survivin also bind ...
Lim, K et al Science 2015
... the infection sites by following the prepatterned tissue-specific chemokine gradients created by the target cells (1–4). However, many of these chemokines are derived from newly recruited innate immune cells during the initial infection (1, 5–7) and little is known about how these innate immunederiv ...
... the infection sites by following the prepatterned tissue-specific chemokine gradients created by the target cells (1–4). However, many of these chemokines are derived from newly recruited innate immune cells during the initial infection (1, 5–7) and little is known about how these innate immunederiv ...
Protection of Drosophila chromosome ends through minimal
... as discrete foci in the nuclei of germline stem cells (GSCs) and their progeny, spermatogonial cells (see Fig. 1A for a schematic description of Drosophila spermatogenesis; Fig. 1B,B′,D). Then, the intensity of GFP–HipHop foci decreased progressively in dividing spermatogonia. In primary spermatocyt ...
... as discrete foci in the nuclei of germline stem cells (GSCs) and their progeny, spermatogonial cells (see Fig. 1A for a schematic description of Drosophila spermatogenesis; Fig. 1B,B′,D). Then, the intensity of GFP–HipHop foci decreased progressively in dividing spermatogonia. In primary spermatocyt ...
Sucrose Cleavage Pathways in Aspen Wood
... materials. In several tree species including Populus species, carbon for cellulose biosynthesis is derived from the disaccharide sucrose. This thesis describes experimental work on the mechanism of sucrose cleavage in developing wood and subsequent production of UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) for cellulose b ...
... materials. In several tree species including Populus species, carbon for cellulose biosynthesis is derived from the disaccharide sucrose. This thesis describes experimental work on the mechanism of sucrose cleavage in developing wood and subsequent production of UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) for cellulose b ...
Organization and translation of mRNA in sympathetic axons
... uninterrupted connection to the neuronal cell body (Cajal, 1991), which provides a continuous supply of proteins and organelles generated there (Grafstein and Forman, 1980; Vallee and Bloom, 1991). However, axons do carry out autonomous synthesis of many macromolecules, notably lipids (Vance et al., ...
... uninterrupted connection to the neuronal cell body (Cajal, 1991), which provides a continuous supply of proteins and organelles generated there (Grafstein and Forman, 1980; Vallee and Bloom, 1991). However, axons do carry out autonomous synthesis of many macromolecules, notably lipids (Vance et al., ...
Melanocytes and melanogenesis - Our Dermatology Online journal
... specific cells (melanoblasts) migrate from the neural crest into the basal epithelium of the epidermis, hair bulbs of the skin and specific areas of the eye, ear and brain. There are 3 types, viz.eumelanosome, pheomelanin, neuromelanin. They have special staining methods: antigens as well as antibod ...
... specific cells (melanoblasts) migrate from the neural crest into the basal epithelium of the epidermis, hair bulbs of the skin and specific areas of the eye, ear and brain. There are 3 types, viz.eumelanosome, pheomelanin, neuromelanin. They have special staining methods: antigens as well as antibod ...
The unique proline-rich domain of parotid proline
... of these polypeptides in the granule pool and its incremental nature suggests that sorting of proline-rich proteins involves an aggregation-based process. Because we can now rule out contributions to sorting by both N- and C-terminal segments of the proline-rich protein, we deduce that the unique pr ...
... of these polypeptides in the granule pool and its incremental nature suggests that sorting of proline-rich proteins involves an aggregation-based process. Because we can now rule out contributions to sorting by both N- and C-terminal segments of the proline-rich protein, we deduce that the unique pr ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.