Ccbe1 regulates Vegfc-mediated induction of Vegfr3
... protein CCBE1 is indispensible for lymphangiogenesis during development. The role of CCBE1 orthologs is highly conserved in zebrafish, mice and humans with mutations in CCBE1 causing generalized lymphatic dysplasia and lymphedema (Hennekam syndrome). To date, the mechanism by which CCBE1 acts remain ...
... protein CCBE1 is indispensible for lymphangiogenesis during development. The role of CCBE1 orthologs is highly conserved in zebrafish, mice and humans with mutations in CCBE1 causing generalized lymphatic dysplasia and lymphedema (Hennekam syndrome). To date, the mechanism by which CCBE1 acts remain ...
regulates cortical cell migration out of the
... along actin stress fibres, except at their ends, suggesting colocalization with F-actin (fibre-like); second, a punctate distribution in the cytoplasm was observed, which was distinct from that of F-actin (punctate). Some cells had a mixture of both patterns. These patterns were dependent largely on ...
... along actin stress fibres, except at their ends, suggesting colocalization with F-actin (fibre-like); second, a punctate distribution in the cytoplasm was observed, which was distinct from that of F-actin (punctate). Some cells had a mixture of both patterns. These patterns were dependent largely on ...
Studies of the cat`s medial interlaminar nucleus
... the A laminae are comprised mostly of X- and Y-cells, this suggests that, although Y-cells on average are larger than X-cells, considerable overlap exists in their size distribution. No differences between t h e ipsilateral and contralateral terminal zones were found on any measure. Since MIN cells ...
... the A laminae are comprised mostly of X- and Y-cells, this suggests that, although Y-cells on average are larger than X-cells, considerable overlap exists in their size distribution. No differences between t h e ipsilateral and contralateral terminal zones were found on any measure. Since MIN cells ...
From signal to form: aspects of the cytoskeleton
... It is known that cytoplasmic movement in plant cells is caused by the actin-myosin complex (for a review see Mascarenhas, 1993). Since myosins travel along actin filaments from the pointed (minus) end to the barbed (plus) end, Shimmen et al. (1995) surmise that the actin filaments in the cytoplasmic ...
... It is known that cytoplasmic movement in plant cells is caused by the actin-myosin complex (for a review see Mascarenhas, 1993). Since myosins travel along actin filaments from the pointed (minus) end to the barbed (plus) end, Shimmen et al. (1995) surmise that the actin filaments in the cytoplasmic ...
Synovial fibroblasts: key players in rheumatoid
... high expression of fos and jun, which are involved in the formation of the AP-1 transcription factor, appears to be mediated through upstream oncogenes like ras, scr and raf. These oncogenes, in turn, are activation molecules for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. MAP kinases, in part ...
... high expression of fos and jun, which are involved in the formation of the AP-1 transcription factor, appears to be mediated through upstream oncogenes like ras, scr and raf. These oncogenes, in turn, are activation molecules for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. MAP kinases, in part ...
Viral Strategies in Modulation of NF
... and can possibly affect the pathogenesis of the disease30. Another very important fact is that in HIV-1-infected cells the IKK complex is constitutively activated4. It is still unclear how IKKs are activated, but this observation points to multiple mechanisms that are involved in the NF-κB-dependent ...
... and can possibly affect the pathogenesis of the disease30. Another very important fact is that in HIV-1-infected cells the IKK complex is constitutively activated4. It is still unclear how IKKs are activated, but this observation points to multiple mechanisms that are involved in the NF-κB-dependent ...
Monitoring Growth of Beer Brewing Strains of
... beverage. The ability to obtain the desired product reliably and repeatedly requires careful monitoring of not only the input materials, but the growth of the yeast strain during the process. Likewise the development of new strains often requires monitoring the growth of strains under various condit ...
... beverage. The ability to obtain the desired product reliably and repeatedly requires careful monitoring of not only the input materials, but the growth of the yeast strain during the process. Likewise the development of new strains often requires monitoring the growth of strains under various condit ...
Homeotic regulation of segment-specific
... in the thorax and anterior abdomen produce hundreds of daughter cells each, whereas those in abdominal neuromeres A3–A7 give rise to only five to 15 cells (Truman and Bate, 1988; Prokop and Technau, 1994b). In summary, there are three major factors regulating the segment-specific proliferation of NB ...
... in the thorax and anterior abdomen produce hundreds of daughter cells each, whereas those in abdominal neuromeres A3–A7 give rise to only five to 15 cells (Truman and Bate, 1988; Prokop and Technau, 1994b). In summary, there are three major factors regulating the segment-specific proliferation of NB ...
From the regulation of peptidoglycan synthesis to bacterial growth
... in the sacculus to allow the newly attached material to insert into the layer without increasing its thickness. Peptidoglycan cleavage is also required for reductive cell division and cell separation. E. coli has at least 13 periplasmic peptidoglycan hydrolases (autolysins), which can collectively c ...
... in the sacculus to allow the newly attached material to insert into the layer without increasing its thickness. Peptidoglycan cleavage is also required for reductive cell division and cell separation. E. coli has at least 13 periplasmic peptidoglycan hydrolases (autolysins), which can collectively c ...
Morphogenesis of complex plant cell shapes: the mechanical role of
... appeared to be relatively uniformly patterned with small wrinkles in arbitrary orientation (Fig. 1A, 2A). Pectinase digestion exposed a relatively smooth layer that contained cracks, likely induced during critical point drying. The main orientation of these cracks had a pitch of approximately 20-25° ...
... appeared to be relatively uniformly patterned with small wrinkles in arbitrary orientation (Fig. 1A, 2A). Pectinase digestion exposed a relatively smooth layer that contained cracks, likely induced during critical point drying. The main orientation of these cracks had a pitch of approximately 20-25° ...
Production Which Suppress T Cells through Adenosine Cancer
... impairs maturation and function of dendritic cells, but these effects are mediated principally through the A2B receptor (29). We recently showed that CD73 is expressed by nanometer-sized vesicles called exosomes, secreted by human bladder cancer cells (30). In this report, we address the hypothesis ...
... impairs maturation and function of dendritic cells, but these effects are mediated principally through the A2B receptor (29). We recently showed that CD73 is expressed by nanometer-sized vesicles called exosomes, secreted by human bladder cancer cells (30). In this report, we address the hypothesis ...
plantcell.org
... [Ohad et al., 1999]) that are closely related to the Drosophila melanogaster Polycomb-group (PcG) proteins. In plants, as in flies, these PcG proteins aggregate into complexes (Kohler et al., 2003) that are required for the establishment of the anterior– posterior axis in the endosperm (Sørensen et ...
... [Ohad et al., 1999]) that are closely related to the Drosophila melanogaster Polycomb-group (PcG) proteins. In plants, as in flies, these PcG proteins aggregate into complexes (Kohler et al., 2003) that are required for the establishment of the anterior– posterior axis in the endosperm (Sørensen et ...
Physical interaction between pRb and cdk9/cyclinT2 complex
... with higher levels found in terminally dierentiated cells, and its promoter activity parallels the protein levels (De Luca et al., 1997; Bagella et al., 1998, 2000). The regulatory units of cdk9 are the T-family cyclins (T1, T2a and T2b) (Wei et al., 1998; Peng et al., 1998) and cyclin K (Edwards e ...
... with higher levels found in terminally dierentiated cells, and its promoter activity parallels the protein levels (De Luca et al., 1997; Bagella et al., 1998, 2000). The regulatory units of cdk9 are the T-family cyclins (T1, T2a and T2b) (Wei et al., 1998; Peng et al., 1998) and cyclin K (Edwards e ...
starry night regulates tissue polarity - Development
... are particularly abnormal in ds flies. Both are shorter and fatter than normal, and each also displays a number of specific defects including disrupted tissue polarity (Adler et al., 1998). Mutations in ft are pupal lethals. When clones of ft are generated in imaginal tissue, they result in tumorous ...
... are particularly abnormal in ds flies. Both are shorter and fatter than normal, and each also displays a number of specific defects including disrupted tissue polarity (Adler et al., 1998). Mutations in ft are pupal lethals. When clones of ft are generated in imaginal tissue, they result in tumorous ...
Full-Text PDF
... we want to explore the role of a range of well characterized RNA binding proteins that are involved in alternative splicing in the immune system. 3. HnRNP Proteins and Their Role in Pre-mRNA Alternative Splicing Alternative splicing plays an important role to alter the biological function of key imm ...
... we want to explore the role of a range of well characterized RNA binding proteins that are involved in alternative splicing in the immune system. 3. HnRNP Proteins and Their Role in Pre-mRNA Alternative Splicing Alternative splicing plays an important role to alter the biological function of key imm ...
Boundless Study Slides
... Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Molecular Cancer Journal. "Molecular Cancer | Full text | Role of APCand DNA mismatch repair genes in the development of colorectal cancers." CC BY http://www.molecular-cancer.com/content/2/1/41 View on Boundless.com ...
... Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Molecular Cancer Journal. "Molecular Cancer | Full text | Role of APCand DNA mismatch repair genes in the development of colorectal cancers." CC BY http://www.molecular-cancer.com/content/2/1/41 View on Boundless.com ...
Role of glypican 4 in the regulation of convergent extension
... of gastrula stage 11 embryos (Fig. 2B; upper left and right). In later embryogenesis, Xgly4 was expressed along the neuroectoderm in the neurula, and then in the head and somites in tail bud embryos (Fig. 2B; bottom left and right). The intriguing graded expression of Xgly4 along the dorsoventral (D ...
... of gastrula stage 11 embryos (Fig. 2B; upper left and right). In later embryogenesis, Xgly4 was expressed along the neuroectoderm in the neurula, and then in the head and somites in tail bud embryos (Fig. 2B; bottom left and right). The intriguing graded expression of Xgly4 along the dorsoventral (D ...
Origin, Early Patterning, and Fate of the Mouse Epiblast
... Smith29). The epiblast may therefore rely on a gp130 independent pathway for its expansion during unperturbed development but switches to the gp130 pathway when implantation must be delayed. This suggests that ES cells may represent a specific state of the epiblast. ES cells have nevertheless helped ...
... Smith29). The epiblast may therefore rely on a gp130 independent pathway for its expansion during unperturbed development but switches to the gp130 pathway when implantation must be delayed. This suggests that ES cells may represent a specific state of the epiblast. ES cells have nevertheless helped ...
cells
... (and chloroplasts if cells are from a Pellet rich in plant) “microsomes” (pieces of plasma membranes and Pellet rich in cells’ internal ribosomes membranes) ...
... (and chloroplasts if cells are from a Pellet rich in plant) “microsomes” (pieces of plasma membranes and Pellet rich in cells’ internal ribosomes membranes) ...
A Role in Migration for the v 1 Integrin Expressed on
... (Paterson et al., 1973) and migrates during development to produce the widespread distribution of differentiated oligodendrocytes seen in the mature animal. Direct evidence for this migration has come from two sets of in vivo studies. First, cells labeled with a lac-Z reporter gene while in the subv ...
... (Paterson et al., 1973) and migrates during development to produce the widespread distribution of differentiated oligodendrocytes seen in the mature animal. Direct evidence for this migration has come from two sets of in vivo studies. First, cells labeled with a lac-Z reporter gene while in the subv ...
Regions of interest properties Nucleus properties Cell properties
... Definiens Tissue Studio 3 provides morphological fingerprints and biomarker expression profiles per slides, regions, vessels, cells or sub-cellular compartments. These detailed readouts can, for example, be correlated to patient outcome or therapy response to identify clinically relevant predictors. ...
... Definiens Tissue Studio 3 provides morphological fingerprints and biomarker expression profiles per slides, regions, vessels, cells or sub-cellular compartments. These detailed readouts can, for example, be correlated to patient outcome or therapy response to identify clinically relevant predictors. ...
fist: an Arabidopsis mutant with altered cell division planes and
... University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia&/fn-block: ...
... University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia&/fn-block: ...
Biology
... The Totals Glycolysis produces just 2 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose. The complete breakdown of glucose through cellular respiration, including glycolysis, results in the net production of 36 molecules of ATP. So an investment of 2 ATP in glycolysis, results in about 36 net ATP produced. This ...
... The Totals Glycolysis produces just 2 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose. The complete breakdown of glucose through cellular respiration, including glycolysis, results in the net production of 36 molecules of ATP. So an investment of 2 ATP in glycolysis, results in about 36 net ATP produced. This ...
Germ Cell Speci fi cation - Molecular Biology and Genetics
... Several lines of evidence suggest that C. elegans embryos possess germ plasm. As described above, the germline-specific P granules and associated RNAs and RNAbinding proteins co-segregate to the same side of the P blastomere before each asymmetric cleavage (Table 2.1). P or “germ” granules have been ...
... Several lines of evidence suggest that C. elegans embryos possess germ plasm. As described above, the germline-specific P granules and associated RNAs and RNAbinding proteins co-segregate to the same side of the P blastomere before each asymmetric cleavage (Table 2.1). P or “germ” granules have been ...
Multicellular trichomes in Arabidopsis - Development
... and co-workers (Hemerly et al., 1995) introduced a dominantnegative mutant of a mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase gene into transgenic tobacco plants, which resulted in plants with essentially normal morphology, but fewer and larger cells. In another study, overexpression of a mitotic B-cyclin in Arab ...
... and co-workers (Hemerly et al., 1995) introduced a dominantnegative mutant of a mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase gene into transgenic tobacco plants, which resulted in plants with essentially normal morphology, but fewer and larger cells. In another study, overexpression of a mitotic B-cyclin in Arab ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.