Disruption of gradient expression of Zic3 resulted in abnormal intra
... disc is the first step in axon pathfinding in the visual system. The molecular mechanisms involved in guiding the retinal axons to project towards the optic disc are not well understood. We report that a gene encoding a zinc-finger transcription factor, Zic3, is expressed in a periphery-high and cen ...
... disc is the first step in axon pathfinding in the visual system. The molecular mechanisms involved in guiding the retinal axons to project towards the optic disc are not well understood. We report that a gene encoding a zinc-finger transcription factor, Zic3, is expressed in a periphery-high and cen ...
Apical constriction: themes and variations on a cellular mechanism
... have been observed in several instances of apical constriction. For example, convergent movements of myosin and other apical proteins have been observed, where these proteins coalesce into larger foci (Martin et al., 2009; Roh-Johnson et al., 2012; David et al., 2013). This flow can be visualized du ...
... have been observed in several instances of apical constriction. For example, convergent movements of myosin and other apical proteins have been observed, where these proteins coalesce into larger foci (Martin et al., 2009; Roh-Johnson et al., 2012; David et al., 2013). This flow can be visualized du ...
Apical constriction
... have been observed in several instances of apical constriction. For example, convergent movements of myosin and other apical proteins have been observed, where these proteins coalesce into larger foci (Martin et al., 2009; Roh-Johnson et al., 2012; David et al., 2013). This flow can be visualized du ...
... have been observed in several instances of apical constriction. For example, convergent movements of myosin and other apical proteins have been observed, where these proteins coalesce into larger foci (Martin et al., 2009; Roh-Johnson et al., 2012; David et al., 2013). This flow can be visualized du ...
Dispersal of Golgi matrix proteins during mitotic Golgi
... DNA staining. Also, endogenous markers for matrix and nonmatrix proteins were used to avoid the various problems associated with transgene expression. Finally, NRK cells were chosen because the presence of mitotic Golgi clusters was most apparent in these cells. If it occurs, this would increase our ...
... DNA staining. Also, endogenous markers for matrix and nonmatrix proteins were used to avoid the various problems associated with transgene expression. Finally, NRK cells were chosen because the presence of mitotic Golgi clusters was most apparent in these cells. If it occurs, this would increase our ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Several studies have implicated Zfp281/ZNF281 in regulating stem cell pluripotency and developmental processes. First, an earlier study [17] using transcriptomic profiling of human ESCs and their differentiated progenies identified ZNF281 as one of the upregulated transcriptional regulators in undiffe ...
... Several studies have implicated Zfp281/ZNF281 in regulating stem cell pluripotency and developmental processes. First, an earlier study [17] using transcriptomic profiling of human ESCs and their differentiated progenies identified ZNF281 as one of the upregulated transcriptional regulators in undiffe ...
plantcell.org
... cell file, directly below the stele cell files (arrows in Figures 3C and 3D). Moreover, ZmSCR mRNA was also found in isolated cells located between the endodermal cell files (arrowheads in Figures 3C to 3E). Examination of serial transverse and longitudinal sections indicated that these internal cel ...
... cell file, directly below the stele cell files (arrows in Figures 3C and 3D). Moreover, ZmSCR mRNA was also found in isolated cells located between the endodermal cell files (arrowheads in Figures 3C to 3E). Examination of serial transverse and longitudinal sections indicated that these internal cel ...
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... connexió immediata, per la complicitat i amistat sincera, a més de per la muntanya que encara hem de començar a fer junts. Thanks to my New York girls: Gracias a Carolina (la Pola), por ser la alegría de la huerta y por casi llevarme al huerto, además de por tu amistad. Gracias a Laura, todo-corazón ...
... connexió immediata, per la complicitat i amistat sincera, a més de per la muntanya que encara hem de començar a fer junts. Thanks to my New York girls: Gracias a Carolina (la Pola), por ser la alegría de la huerta y por casi llevarme al huerto, además de por tu amistad. Gracias a Laura, todo-corazón ...
Drac1 and Crumbs in amnioserosa morphogenesis
... embryos for various components of the leading edge contractile apparatus in the belief that these might also be contributing to cell shape change in the amnioserosa. In addition to F-actin and myosin, phosphotyrosine-rich structures are found at the leading edge and may contribute to the assembly an ...
... embryos for various components of the leading edge contractile apparatus in the belief that these might also be contributing to cell shape change in the amnioserosa. In addition to F-actin and myosin, phosphotyrosine-rich structures are found at the leading edge and may contribute to the assembly an ...
Keystone Exam Study Guide
... recessive, co-dominance, incomplete dominance, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple alleles). ...
... recessive, co-dominance, incomplete dominance, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple alleles). ...
Patterning the Xenopus blastula - Development
... the endogenous molecules have yet to be defined. Recent studies have indicated that homologs of the Drosophila frizzled gene, the putative Xwnt receptor, can interact with Xwnt family members (Yang-Snyder et al., 1996; He et al., 1997). Functional studies of these frizzled family members may help an ...
... the endogenous molecules have yet to be defined. Recent studies have indicated that homologs of the Drosophila frizzled gene, the putative Xwnt receptor, can interact with Xwnt family members (Yang-Snyder et al., 1996; He et al., 1997). Functional studies of these frizzled family members may help an ...
RFX2 is broadly required for ciliogenesis during
... 2006; Zariwala et al., 2007). Numerous studies using genetic and biochemical approaches have begun to unravel the protein machinery underlying cilia structure and function (Gherman et al., 2006; Hayes et al., 2007; Inglis et al., 2006). By contrast, very little is yet known about the transcriptional ...
... 2006; Zariwala et al., 2007). Numerous studies using genetic and biochemical approaches have begun to unravel the protein machinery underlying cilia structure and function (Gherman et al., 2006; Hayes et al., 2007; Inglis et al., 2006). By contrast, very little is yet known about the transcriptional ...
- ORCA - Cardiff University
... initiate apoptosis progressively decreases. The likelihood for a neuron to undergo apoptosis seems to be determined by a tightly regulated apoptotic machinery (summarized in Fig. 1). Therefore, modulation of the expression levels or the activity of components of this apoptotic balance changes the se ...
... initiate apoptosis progressively decreases. The likelihood for a neuron to undergo apoptosis seems to be determined by a tightly regulated apoptotic machinery (summarized in Fig. 1). Therefore, modulation of the expression levels or the activity of components of this apoptotic balance changes the se ...
bZIP transcription factor interactions regulate DIF
... expression and repressor of prespore gene expression. In order to explain how DimA could have such diverse activities, two hypotheses have been put forward (1) DimA is a permissive factor required to set up cellular competence to respond to DIF-1 (Kimmel and Firtel, 2004; Strmecki et al., 2005). In ...
... expression and repressor of prespore gene expression. In order to explain how DimA could have such diverse activities, two hypotheses have been put forward (1) DimA is a permissive factor required to set up cellular competence to respond to DIF-1 (Kimmel and Firtel, 2004; Strmecki et al., 2005). In ...
Monolignol glucosides as intermediate compounds in
... synthesis of coniferin and a slow turnover of this compound (Marcinowski and Grisebach 1977). The concentration of coniferin in differentiating xylem of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) is highest at the beginning of May, before the most active lignifying season, June and July, and there ...
... synthesis of coniferin and a slow turnover of this compound (Marcinowski and Grisebach 1977). The concentration of coniferin in differentiating xylem of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) is highest at the beginning of May, before the most active lignifying season, June and July, and there ...
Light Control of Plasma Membrane Recruitment Using
... 1999). This interaction has already proven useful for applying complex temporal and spatial intracellular inputs to live cells in a variety of species (Levskaya et al., 2009; Shimizu-Sato et al., 2002). In principle, this approach could be used for spatiotemporal control over any cellular process th ...
... 1999). This interaction has already proven useful for applying complex temporal and spatial intracellular inputs to live cells in a variety of species (Levskaya et al., 2009; Shimizu-Sato et al., 2002). In principle, this approach could be used for spatiotemporal control over any cellular process th ...
Defects in mesoderm, neural tube and vascular development in
... Southern blot analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products in pools of 12, using primers as shown in Fig. 1A. Of the nineteen pools screened, nine contained the predicted amplification product and were individually reassayed. Fifteen targeted clones were identified and all were confirmed by ...
... Southern blot analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products in pools of 12, using primers as shown in Fig. 1A. Of the nineteen pools screened, nine contained the predicted amplification product and were individually reassayed. Fifteen targeted clones were identified and all were confirmed by ...
Genetic Analysis of Female Gametophyte Development and Function
... free-living generation. Angiosperms, by contrast, have dramatically reduced gametophytes, which are comprised of very few cells and are embedded within the sexual organs of the flower (Raven et al., 1992). The angiosperm male gametophyte (i.e., the pollen grain or microgametophyte), which develops w ...
... free-living generation. Angiosperms, by contrast, have dramatically reduced gametophytes, which are comprised of very few cells and are embedded within the sexual organs of the flower (Raven et al., 1992). The angiosperm male gametophyte (i.e., the pollen grain or microgametophyte), which develops w ...
Mutations Defining Functional Regions of the Superantigen
... the toxin to bind to D R molecules or the recognition of this complex by the TCR-cx/~ To help distinguish these two possibilities, we used the HLA-DR1 homozygous lymphoblastoid line, LG2 (45). SEB binds to D R molecules on LG2 (Fig. 1 b). We prepared immunoafl~nity-purified toxins and assessed their ...
... the toxin to bind to D R molecules or the recognition of this complex by the TCR-cx/~ To help distinguish these two possibilities, we used the HLA-DR1 homozygous lymphoblastoid line, LG2 (45). SEB binds to D R molecules on LG2 (Fig. 1 b). We prepared immunoafl~nity-purified toxins and assessed their ...
PDF - Potter Lab
... endoreplication (Ito and Rubin, 1999). However, our staining results suggest that, at least for Tsc1 mutant cells, endoreplication does not occur. We further performed flow cytometry analysis on Tsc1 mutant cells from wing discs following the technique introduced by Edgar and colleagues (Neufeld et ...
... endoreplication (Ito and Rubin, 1999). However, our staining results suggest that, at least for Tsc1 mutant cells, endoreplication does not occur. We further performed flow cytometry analysis on Tsc1 mutant cells from wing discs following the technique introduced by Edgar and colleagues (Neufeld et ...
Sampathkumar-2011-Live Cell Imaging Re - Max
... Several studies have assessed MT behavior after AF disruption via pharmacological agents such as latrunculinB (latB) and cytochalasinB (Collings, 2008). Here, we tested whether a more stable actin configuration had an impact on the organization of MTs using the drug jasplakinolide (Bubb et al., 1994 ...
... Several studies have assessed MT behavior after AF disruption via pharmacological agents such as latrunculinB (latB) and cytochalasinB (Collings, 2008). Here, we tested whether a more stable actin configuration had an impact on the organization of MTs using the drug jasplakinolide (Bubb et al., 1994 ...
Regulation of the Eukaryotic Redox-State through - diss.fu
... biopolymers (ribonucleic acid- or protein-based enzymes), these chemical cycles gained complexity resulting in the evolution of modern metabolic pathways [1, 2]. Metabolic pathways are sequences of enzymatic reactions that can be dynamically adjusted in turnover, and their topology within the cell f ...
... biopolymers (ribonucleic acid- or protein-based enzymes), these chemical cycles gained complexity resulting in the evolution of modern metabolic pathways [1, 2]. Metabolic pathways are sequences of enzymatic reactions that can be dynamically adjusted in turnover, and their topology within the cell f ...
Firing Properties of Hippocampal Neurons in a Visually Symmetrical
... the manner in which multiple cuesare utilized. From previous manner in which sensoryfactors and mnemonic factors deterstudiesshowingthe existenceof placefields under impoverished mine a cell’s firing patterns. In this study, however, instead of conditions, one outcome that might have been expectedis ...
... the manner in which multiple cuesare utilized. From previous manner in which sensoryfactors and mnemonic factors deterstudiesshowingthe existenceof placefields under impoverished mine a cell’s firing patterns. In this study, however, instead of conditions, one outcome that might have been expectedis ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.