Role of GATA factors in development, differentiation, and
... the translation of which is confined to EMS by maternally provided mRNA only to the posterior embryo. SKN-1 directly activates transcription of the genes encoding MED-1 and MED-2, two nearly identical and functionally redundant GATA-like transcription factors (Fig. 3A). The med-1 and med-2 genes are ...
... the translation of which is confined to EMS by maternally provided mRNA only to the posterior embryo. SKN-1 directly activates transcription of the genes encoding MED-1 and MED-2, two nearly identical and functionally redundant GATA-like transcription factors (Fig. 3A). The med-1 and med-2 genes are ...
Plant development, auxin, and the subsystem
... for example AUX1, which appears to be distributed uniformly in the cell membranes of Arabidopsis root cells (Bennett et al., 1996). Once within a cell, IAA is transported in a polar or in a non-polar manner (Figure 1). Auxin polar transport involves an IAA-influx carrier protein encoded by the AUX1 g ...
... for example AUX1, which appears to be distributed uniformly in the cell membranes of Arabidopsis root cells (Bennett et al., 1996). Once within a cell, IAA is transported in a polar or in a non-polar manner (Figure 1). Auxin polar transport involves an IAA-influx carrier protein encoded by the AUX1 g ...
Integration of the olfactory code across dendritic
... fine distinctions between dendritic specializations can be resolved at high resolution28, we will refer to these contacts as Kenyon cell claws (as in ref. 26). Ultrastructural studies have shown that each Kenyon cell claw contacts a single projection neuron bouton, establishing the claw as the anato ...
... fine distinctions between dendritic specializations can be resolved at high resolution28, we will refer to these contacts as Kenyon cell claws (as in ref. 26). Ultrastructural studies have shown that each Kenyon cell claw contacts a single projection neuron bouton, establishing the claw as the anato ...
Localisation of the Ki-67 antigen within the nucleolus
... cells only (Freeman et al., 1988 and references therein; Waseem and Lane, 1990). However, pKi-67 appears unique in that it associates with nucleoli of proliferating cells only and with chromosomes during mitosis. The nucleolus contains rRNA gene repeats and is the site of ribosome synthesis. Nucleol ...
... cells only (Freeman et al., 1988 and references therein; Waseem and Lane, 1990). However, pKi-67 appears unique in that it associates with nucleoli of proliferating cells only and with chromosomes during mitosis. The nucleolus contains rRNA gene repeats and is the site of ribosome synthesis. Nucleol ...
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... DNA-binding C2H2 zinc finger proteins contain proteinbinding domains that provide the basis for the assembly of regulatory complexes involved in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation (Aasland et al., 1995; David et al., 1998). They are frequently expressed in distinct spatial and tempo ...
... DNA-binding C2H2 zinc finger proteins contain proteinbinding domains that provide the basis for the assembly of regulatory complexes involved in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation (Aasland et al., 1995; David et al., 1998). They are frequently expressed in distinct spatial and tempo ...
Positive Regulation of IκB Kinase Signaling by Protein
... the wild type and PP2A-binding defective IKKγ constructs were efficiently integrated into endogenous IKK complexes containing the IKKα and IKKβ catalytic subunits. ...
... the wild type and PP2A-binding defective IKKγ constructs were efficiently integrated into endogenous IKK complexes containing the IKKα and IKKβ catalytic subunits. ...
Developing Technology-Based Biology Assessments for Cell
... make decisions and work toward contributing to the whole. “Students must acquire the ability to make up their own minds, to develop freedom of the mind, and to learn to make decisions based upon reason and evidence”(Lawson, 2010). The American Association for the Advancement of Science described the ...
... make decisions and work toward contributing to the whole. “Students must acquire the ability to make up their own minds, to develop freedom of the mind, and to learn to make decisions based upon reason and evidence”(Lawson, 2010). The American Association for the Advancement of Science described the ...
Sirtuins at a Glance - Journal of Cell Science
... have different specific substrates and biological functions, and are found in various cell compartments. The fact that sirtuins require NAD for their enzymatic activity connects metabolism to aging and agingrelated diseases. In this Cell Science at a Glance article, we summarize the recent data rela ...
... have different specific substrates and biological functions, and are found in various cell compartments. The fact that sirtuins require NAD for their enzymatic activity connects metabolism to aging and agingrelated diseases. In this Cell Science at a Glance article, we summarize the recent data rela ...
AtCSLD3, A Cellulose Synthase-Like Gene
... inserted into the transcribed region of a CeSA homolog for which no function had been described yet. A 12-kb XbaI genomic clone containing the entire CeSA homolog was isolated from the BAC clone T16F11 and sequenced. To determine the gene structure the genomic sequence was compared with a cDNA clone ...
... inserted into the transcribed region of a CeSA homolog for which no function had been described yet. A 12-kb XbaI genomic clone containing the entire CeSA homolog was isolated from the BAC clone T16F11 and sequenced. To determine the gene structure the genomic sequence was compared with a cDNA clone ...
Plant cell walls to ethanol
... Economical conversion of the polysaccharides that constitute cell walls of plants to second generation bioethanol may seem a straightforward exercise in chemical conversion. However, over the last several years the processes involved in the conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose, which compose th ...
... Economical conversion of the polysaccharides that constitute cell walls of plants to second generation bioethanol may seem a straightforward exercise in chemical conversion. However, over the last several years the processes involved in the conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose, which compose th ...
Gram`s staining - Micro-Rao
... and Propionibacterium have cell walls particularly sensitive to breakage during cell division, resulting in Gram-negative staining of these cells. In cultures of Bacillus, and Clostridium a decrease in peptidoglycan thickness during cell growth may cause some of them to appear Gram negative. Certain ...
... and Propionibacterium have cell walls particularly sensitive to breakage during cell division, resulting in Gram-negative staining of these cells. In cultures of Bacillus, and Clostridium a decrease in peptidoglycan thickness during cell growth may cause some of them to appear Gram negative. Certain ...
CURRICULUM VITAE
... 15. DiLuzio NR, Knook DL, Lasskin DL, Nolan JP, Pereira CA, Wake K, Decker D. - What is kupffer cell activation? (round table). In: Cells of the hepatic sinusoid. A. Kirn, DL Knook, E Wisse, eds. Proceedings of the International Kupffer cell symposium held in Strasbourg, France, 1985,363,364. 16. Ke ...
... 15. DiLuzio NR, Knook DL, Lasskin DL, Nolan JP, Pereira CA, Wake K, Decker D. - What is kupffer cell activation? (round table). In: Cells of the hepatic sinusoid. A. Kirn, DL Knook, E Wisse, eds. Proceedings of the International Kupffer cell symposium held in Strasbourg, France, 1985,363,364. 16. Ke ...
Nodal mutant eXtraembryonic ENdoderm (XEN
... homogeneous in morphology than wild type XEN cells, and based on these morphological differences, cell lines of each of the three genotypes were readily distinguishable from the others (Fig. 3A and data not shown). Other studies have recently demonstrated that XEN cells become lineage restricted aft ...
... homogeneous in morphology than wild type XEN cells, and based on these morphological differences, cell lines of each of the three genotypes were readily distinguishable from the others (Fig. 3A and data not shown). Other studies have recently demonstrated that XEN cells become lineage restricted aft ...
Temporal and Spatial Distribution of DNA Topoisomerase II Alters
... studied using monoclonal antibodies 8D2 and 5A7. Specificities of 8D2 to topo IIa and 5A7 to topo IIb were shown previously.22,23 Two-dimensional flow cytometric analysis of cells indirectly fluorescein-labeled for topo IIa or IIb and then counterstained with PI made it possible to quantify the amou ...
... studied using monoclonal antibodies 8D2 and 5A7. Specificities of 8D2 to topo IIa and 5A7 to topo IIb were shown previously.22,23 Two-dimensional flow cytometric analysis of cells indirectly fluorescein-labeled for topo IIa or IIb and then counterstained with PI made it possible to quantify the amou ...
- Wiley Online Library
... by septa. During the germination in A. nidulans, the conidiospores undergo multiple rounds of nuclear division to produce eight or 16 nuclei in germlings, but they do not undergo septation until the cell reaches an appropriate size/volume, and then forms the first septum near the neck between spore ...
... by septa. During the germination in A. nidulans, the conidiospores undergo multiple rounds of nuclear division to produce eight or 16 nuclei in germlings, but they do not undergo septation until the cell reaches an appropriate size/volume, and then forms the first septum near the neck between spore ...
Chapter 1
... [13, 18]. Recently, VPEs have been identified as plant-specific caspases and a VPE-mediated vacuolar system has been considered as a cellular suicide strategy in plant development and cell death programs [19, 20]. Several works demonstrated the role of γVPE in developing programmed cell death; in wi ...
... [13, 18]. Recently, VPEs have been identified as plant-specific caspases and a VPE-mediated vacuolar system has been considered as a cellular suicide strategy in plant development and cell death programs [19, 20]. Several works demonstrated the role of γVPE in developing programmed cell death; in wi ...
H ydrop hobicity-hydrop hilicity of staphylococci
... strains of S.sciuri. There was a fifth capsulate strain that was not strongly hydrophobic (73%). It was difficult to make further generalisations, other than that both strains of S. haemolyticus were strongly hydrophobic. ...
... strains of S.sciuri. There was a fifth capsulate strain that was not strongly hydrophobic (73%). It was difficult to make further generalisations, other than that both strains of S. haemolyticus were strongly hydrophobic. ...
Plasticity in Cell Division Patterns and Auxin
... reporter is expressed in B. napus at the zygote stage (Li et al., 2014), in both the apical and basal cells of the embryo (Supplemental Figures 1A to 1C). Its expression gradually becomes restricted to the suspensor and basal cells of the embryo proper and finally to the cells that form the columella ...
... reporter is expressed in B. napus at the zygote stage (Li et al., 2014), in both the apical and basal cells of the embryo (Supplemental Figures 1A to 1C). Its expression gradually becomes restricted to the suspensor and basal cells of the embryo proper and finally to the cells that form the columella ...
Neural bHLH Genes Control the Neuronal versus Glial Fate
... The neural bHLH genes Ngn2 and Mash1 are expressed in the germinal layers of the cortex at high levels (Gradwohl et al., 1996; Fode et al., 2000) and low levels (Guillemot et al., 1993; Fode et al., 2000), respectively. As previously reported, the analysis of early cortical development (E12.5) in Ng ...
... The neural bHLH genes Ngn2 and Mash1 are expressed in the germinal layers of the cortex at high levels (Gradwohl et al., 1996; Fode et al., 2000) and low levels (Guillemot et al., 1993; Fode et al., 2000), respectively. As previously reported, the analysis of early cortical development (E12.5) in Ng ...
Structure-Function Relationships of Stem Cell Factor
... human homologue doesso only very poorly (800-fold reduction in specific activity; Martin eta19), we tested the proteins for their ability to synergize with suboptimal levels of murine GM-CSF to enhance the growth of murine granulocyte and macrophage colonies. Synergisticassays of SCF activity were u ...
... human homologue doesso only very poorly (800-fold reduction in specific activity; Martin eta19), we tested the proteins for their ability to synergize with suboptimal levels of murine GM-CSF to enhance the growth of murine granulocyte and macrophage colonies. Synergisticassays of SCF activity were u ...
Lysosomal Function and Dysfunction
... are potentially harmful to the cell (3). Damage to the lysosomal membrane results in the release of its contents into the cytoplasm, inducing indiscriminate degradation of cellular components. Moreover, massive lysosomal breakdown may induce cytosolic acidification, which in turn can induce cell dea ...
... are potentially harmful to the cell (3). Damage to the lysosomal membrane results in the release of its contents into the cytoplasm, inducing indiscriminate degradation of cellular components. Moreover, massive lysosomal breakdown may induce cytosolic acidification, which in turn can induce cell dea ...
regulation of the cytoskeleton and cell adhesion by
... originally isolated as cDNA that induced foci when transfected into NIH3T3 cells (33). In 1991, Dbl was shown to release GDP from Cdc42 in vitro (34). Since then, a number of GEFs for various Rho family GTPases (in parentheses) have been identified, including the following: Dbl (Cdc42, Rho); Lbc (Rh ...
... originally isolated as cDNA that induced foci when transfected into NIH3T3 cells (33). In 1991, Dbl was shown to release GDP from Cdc42 in vitro (34). Since then, a number of GEFs for various Rho family GTPases (in parentheses) have been identified, including the following: Dbl (Cdc42, Rho); Lbc (Rh ...
Cytokinin Lecture
... apical meristem (few dividing cells remain to support root growth). • In roots, auxin promotes cell division in meristem; cytokinin promotes cell ...
... apical meristem (few dividing cells remain to support root growth). • In roots, auxin promotes cell division in meristem; cytokinin promotes cell ...
Xyloglucan, galactomannan, glucuronoxylan, and
... The plant root is the principal organ responsible for the absorption of water and dissolved nutrients. The root anchors and supports the plant body and may also store the products of photosynthesis and other nutrients (Raven et al. 2005). Roots contain anatomically and developmentally diverse cells ...
... The plant root is the principal organ responsible for the absorption of water and dissolved nutrients. The root anchors and supports the plant body and may also store the products of photosynthesis and other nutrients (Raven et al. 2005). Roots contain anatomically and developmentally diverse cells ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.