Cytokinin Lecture
... apical meristem (few dividing cells remain to support root growth). • In roots, auxin promotes cell division in meristem; cytokinin promotes cell ...
... apical meristem (few dividing cells remain to support root growth). • In roots, auxin promotes cell division in meristem; cytokinin promotes cell ...
Endocytosis Via Caveolae
... 50, 57–67). The entry process of this non-enveloped DNA virus, analyzed in several laboratories including ours, is emerging as a useful paradigm in the field. SV40 has several advantages as a model ligand. The particle itself is well characterized in terms of composition and structure. The X-ray str ...
... 50, 57–67). The entry process of this non-enveloped DNA virus, analyzed in several laboratories including ours, is emerging as a useful paradigm in the field. SV40 has several advantages as a model ligand. The particle itself is well characterized in terms of composition and structure. The X-ray str ...
observations on luminescence in noctiluca
... The response is registered as a downward deflexion of the trace and is superposed on background noise. Time scale, 10 msec. Temp. 17° C. c, response of a Noctiluca cell to a single electrical shock, Time scale, 10 msec. Temp, IgO C. d-g, electrical stimulation of a Noctiluca cell at various frequenc ...
... The response is registered as a downward deflexion of the trace and is superposed on background noise. Time scale, 10 msec. Temp. 17° C. c, response of a Noctiluca cell to a single electrical shock, Time scale, 10 msec. Temp, IgO C. d-g, electrical stimulation of a Noctiluca cell at various frequenc ...
Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Formation at ER Exit Sites
... and subsequent increases at 9 min. This activity is similar to the previously reported transient elevation in phosphorylated PtdIns observed upon incubation of Golgi membranes with activated ARF1 (Godi et al., 1999; not shown) and may reflect limiting PtdIns substrate levels that are dynamically reg ...
... and subsequent increases at 9 min. This activity is similar to the previously reported transient elevation in phosphorylated PtdIns observed upon incubation of Golgi membranes with activated ARF1 (Godi et al., 1999; not shown) and may reflect limiting PtdIns substrate levels that are dynamically reg ...
Unit 6 Microorganisms & Fungi
... Algae produce much of earth’s oxygen through photosynthesis Many species are rich in vitamin C & iron Chemicals in algae are used to treat stomach ulcers, high blood pressure, arthritis, & other health problems ...
... Algae produce much of earth’s oxygen through photosynthesis Many species are rich in vitamin C & iron Chemicals in algae are used to treat stomach ulcers, high blood pressure, arthritis, & other health problems ...
Exocytosis Precedes and Predicts the Increase in
... 50 s (Pierson et al., 1996; Cárdenas et al., 2008). Additionally, many of the underlying processes also oscillate with the same period, but usually with a different phase than the growth rate (Holdaway-Clarke and Hepler, 2003; Chebli and Geitmann, 2007; Moreno et al., 2007). Thus, growth emerges as ...
... 50 s (Pierson et al., 1996; Cárdenas et al., 2008). Additionally, many of the underlying processes also oscillate with the same period, but usually with a different phase than the growth rate (Holdaway-Clarke and Hepler, 2003; Chebli and Geitmann, 2007; Moreno et al., 2007). Thus, growth emerges as ...
The cell biology of lignification in higher plants
... The canonical lignin monomers, called monolignols, are the non-methoxylated p-coumaryl alcohol, the monomethoxylated coniferyl alcohol and the dimethoxylated sinapyl alcohol which respectively form H- (hydroxyphenyl), G- (guaicyl) and S- (syringyl) units in the lignin polymer. Once these monomers ar ...
... The canonical lignin monomers, called monolignols, are the non-methoxylated p-coumaryl alcohol, the monomethoxylated coniferyl alcohol and the dimethoxylated sinapyl alcohol which respectively form H- (hydroxyphenyl), G- (guaicyl) and S- (syringyl) units in the lignin polymer. Once these monomers ar ...
Mesoderm migration in Drosophila is a multi-step process
... In this work, we present evidence that mesoderm migration is a multi-step process with temporally distinct migratory events. We show that movements in the radial direction, specifically collapse and monolayer formation, are controlled by FGF signaling. Dorsal movements appear to be FGF-independent. ...
... In this work, we present evidence that mesoderm migration is a multi-step process with temporally distinct migratory events. We show that movements in the radial direction, specifically collapse and monolayer formation, are controlled by FGF signaling. Dorsal movements appear to be FGF-independent. ...
Nucleolus-like body of mouse oocytes contains lamin A and B and
... suggested as one of the most universal and evolutionarilyconserved nuclear domains [24, 25]. They primarily represent nuclear storage sites for pre-mRNA splicing factors [3, 26, 27], though extensive studies conducted during the past two decades have introduced the notion that IGC functions are broa ...
... suggested as one of the most universal and evolutionarilyconserved nuclear domains [24, 25]. They primarily represent nuclear storage sites for pre-mRNA splicing factors [3, 26, 27], though extensive studies conducted during the past two decades have introduced the notion that IGC functions are broa ...
Caryoneme alternative to chromosome and a new caryological
... group of closely allied substances (for example, adrenalin, mucin, chitin). The word “chromatin” is subject to nearly the same criticism as heterochromatin; but it was introduced long ago, at a time when the invention of such words may have been helpful. It is commonly used ...
... group of closely allied substances (for example, adrenalin, mucin, chitin). The word “chromatin” is subject to nearly the same criticism as heterochromatin; but it was introduced long ago, at a time when the invention of such words may have been helpful. It is commonly used ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document:
... Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are characterized by their ability to self-renew and capacity to give rise to a broad spectrum of differentiated cell types. Pluripotency is maintained during ESC self-renewal through the promotion of proliferation and the prevention of differentiation. ESCs can prolifera ...
... Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are characterized by their ability to self-renew and capacity to give rise to a broad spectrum of differentiated cell types. Pluripotency is maintained during ESC self-renewal through the promotion of proliferation and the prevention of differentiation. ESCs can prolifera ...
Exocytosis Precedes and Predicts the Increase in Growth in
... 50 s (Pierson et al., 1996; Cárdenas et al., 2008). Additionally, many of the underlying processes also oscillate with the same period, but usually with a different phase than the growth rate (Holdaway-Clarke and Hepler, 2003; Chebli and Geitmann, 2007; Moreno et al., 2007). Thus, growth emerges as ...
... 50 s (Pierson et al., 1996; Cárdenas et al., 2008). Additionally, many of the underlying processes also oscillate with the same period, but usually with a different phase than the growth rate (Holdaway-Clarke and Hepler, 2003; Chebli and Geitmann, 2007; Moreno et al., 2007). Thus, growth emerges as ...
The functional diversity of essential genes required for mammalian
... diseases are among questions that are being actively pursued (Dickerson et al., 2011; Georgi et al., 2013; Hentges et al., 2007; Wilson et al., 2005). Less consideration has been paid to the functional diversity of genes that are essential to specific developmental processes and the temporal require ...
... diseases are among questions that are being actively pursued (Dickerson et al., 2011; Georgi et al., 2013; Hentges et al., 2007; Wilson et al., 2005). Less consideration has been paid to the functional diversity of genes that are essential to specific developmental processes and the temporal require ...
Control of cell differentiation and morphogenesis in amphibian
... in unfertilized eggs and blastulae of Xenopus has been demonstrated (Asashima el al., 1991b) even before the 16-cell stage of early embryos (Fukui et al.. 1994). Activin homologs are, indeed, contained in an egg of Xenopus laevis in a considerable amount (about 1 pg/egg) as a maternal protein. These ...
... in unfertilized eggs and blastulae of Xenopus has been demonstrated (Asashima el al., 1991b) even before the 16-cell stage of early embryos (Fukui et al.. 1994). Activin homologs are, indeed, contained in an egg of Xenopus laevis in a considerable amount (about 1 pg/egg) as a maternal protein. These ...
Early development of the zebrafish pronephros and analysis of
... 2J). This histological analysis suggests that after the separation of the paired nephron primordia from the coelom, each pronephric nephron differentiates as an integrated group of cells to form a closed pronephric system with the bilaterally paired tubules directly connected to midline fused glomer ...
... 2J). This histological analysis suggests that after the separation of the paired nephron primordia from the coelom, each pronephric nephron differentiates as an integrated group of cells to form a closed pronephric system with the bilaterally paired tubules directly connected to midline fused glomer ...
Sister Chromatid Cohesion Control and Aneuploidy
... and Hunt, 2001]. Meiosis is characterized by a single round of DNA replication, followed by 2 rounds of chromosome segregation, to yield haploid gametes from diploid germ cells. Control of sister chromatid cohesion presents important differences between mitotic and meiotic cell cycles, which will be ...
... and Hunt, 2001]. Meiosis is characterized by a single round of DNA replication, followed by 2 rounds of chromosome segregation, to yield haploid gametes from diploid germ cells. Control of sister chromatid cohesion presents important differences between mitotic and meiotic cell cycles, which will be ...
POS-1 and germ cell specification
... blastomeres is in the initiation of embryonic gene transcription; after embryonic transcription initiates at the 4cell stage of development, new mRNA transcripts are detected only in the somatic blastomeres (Seydoux and Fire, 1994; Seydoux et al., 1996). This result suggests that transcription is re ...
... blastomeres is in the initiation of embryonic gene transcription; after embryonic transcription initiates at the 4cell stage of development, new mRNA transcripts are detected only in the somatic blastomeres (Seydoux and Fire, 1994; Seydoux et al., 1996). This result suggests that transcription is re ...
The Type II Arabidopsis Formin14 Interacts with Microtubules and
... characterization of nerve growth cone guidance (Tanaka et al., 1995; Dent and Gertler, 2003). In plant cells, microtubules and microfilaments are often codistributed in the cortical area in interphase cells (Blancaflor, 2000) and colocalize in structures, such as the preprophase band, mitotic spindl ...
... characterization of nerve growth cone guidance (Tanaka et al., 1995; Dent and Gertler, 2003). In plant cells, microtubules and microfilaments are often codistributed in the cortical area in interphase cells (Blancaflor, 2000) and colocalize in structures, such as the preprophase band, mitotic spindl ...
Biofilm formation by staphylococci and streptococci: structural
... et al., 2000; Otto, 2013). Initially the bacteria must adhere to a surface or host tissue (primary attachment phase) before they proliferate to form multicellular aggregates (accumulation phase). During the maturation stage, channels and mushroom-shaped structures are created to allow nutrients to p ...
... et al., 2000; Otto, 2013). Initially the bacteria must adhere to a surface or host tissue (primary attachment phase) before they proliferate to form multicellular aggregates (accumulation phase). During the maturation stage, channels and mushroom-shaped structures are created to allow nutrients to p ...
The structure and function of the Golgi apparatus
... in mammalian cells has been identified. In order for the cisternae to stack, dephosphorylation of some components appears to be essential, since stacking is blocked by microcystin (Rabouille and Warren, 1997), an inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. Although structural homologues of at least ...
... in mammalian cells has been identified. In order for the cisternae to stack, dephosphorylation of some components appears to be essential, since stacking is blocked by microcystin (Rabouille and Warren, 1997), an inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. Although structural homologues of at least ...
Taxonomic revision and species delimitation of coccoid green algae
... approach has frequently revealed new lineages of still unidentified organisms for which no cultures are available and thus also no morphological features known (e.g., Pace 1997, Diez et al. 2001, Lopez-Garcia et al. 2001, Moon-van der Staay et al. 2001). While this has been an important advance in u ...
... approach has frequently revealed new lineages of still unidentified organisms for which no cultures are available and thus also no morphological features known (e.g., Pace 1997, Diez et al. 2001, Lopez-Garcia et al. 2001, Moon-van der Staay et al. 2001). While this has been an important advance in u ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.