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... blastocyst attachment during implantation prevents any further influx of polar cells into the mural region and so is responsible for the initiation of egg-cylinder formation. When mouse blastocysts outgrow in vitro, a trophoblastic giant-cell monolayer is formed on which the ICM can be seen as a com ...
... blastocyst attachment during implantation prevents any further influx of polar cells into the mural region and so is responsible for the initiation of egg-cylinder formation. When mouse blastocysts outgrow in vitro, a trophoblastic giant-cell monolayer is formed on which the ICM can be seen as a com ...
Nuclear pore interactions with the genome
... interact with the NPC, each having different molecular requirements and different outputs (Figure 1). Salt stress primes many genes for faster activation in response to H2O2 treatment. This effect persists for 3– 4 generations and requires Nup42; in nup42D mutants, the rate of activation of these ge ...
... interact with the NPC, each having different molecular requirements and different outputs (Figure 1). Salt stress primes many genes for faster activation in response to H2O2 treatment. This effect persists for 3– 4 generations and requires Nup42; in nup42D mutants, the rate of activation of these ge ...
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... receptor (mGluR) (Cox and Sherman 2000). This was accomplished by recording spontaneous GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) from relay cells, and showing that, for some relay cells, an increase in sIPSCs evoked by application of a general mGluR agonist, (⫾)-1-aminocyclopentane-trans- ...
... receptor (mGluR) (Cox and Sherman 2000). This was accomplished by recording spontaneous GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) from relay cells, and showing that, for some relay cells, an increase in sIPSCs evoked by application of a general mGluR agonist, (⫾)-1-aminocyclopentane-trans- ...
- Wiley Online Library
... cells (Eschen-Lippold et al., 2012). Consistent with the previous studies, we found that in M. truncatula, the AtUBQ10 promoter provided uniform expression in cells throughout the root (Figure S1a, b). The MtBCP1 promoter drives AM symbiosis-specific gene expression specifically in regions of the ro ...
... cells (Eschen-Lippold et al., 2012). Consistent with the previous studies, we found that in M. truncatula, the AtUBQ10 promoter provided uniform expression in cells throughout the root (Figure S1a, b). The MtBCP1 promoter drives AM symbiosis-specific gene expression specifically in regions of the ro ...
Text S1.
... the activity was merely controlled by one of the frames (let it be room frame) and computed an estimate of information, the entropy of this distribution. The observed entropy was also computed. The difference between the observed and expected entropy estimates the amount of information that the aren ...
... the activity was merely controlled by one of the frames (let it be room frame) and computed an estimate of information, the entropy of this distribution. The observed entropy was also computed. The difference between the observed and expected entropy estimates the amount of information that the aren ...
programmed cell death in plant
... not appear to elicit a robust defense response on their hosts (e.g. 13), some pathogens do elicit plant defenses but can still parasitize the host, possibly because some pathogens can grow or develop faster than the host can elaborate its defenses or because the pathogen can tolerate the induced def ...
... not appear to elicit a robust defense response on their hosts (e.g. 13), some pathogens do elicit plant defenses but can still parasitize the host, possibly because some pathogens can grow or develop faster than the host can elaborate its defenses or because the pathogen can tolerate the induced def ...
regulation of cell growth by vitreous humour
... cell counts to control net cell counts or as % inhibition (non-inhibited controls = 0% inhibition). All tests were performed in triplicate. [3H]thymidine incorporation was determined by the following technique. Test medium was removed and replaced with serum-free MEM containing 0-625 ^Ci/ml [wetAy/- ...
... cell counts to control net cell counts or as % inhibition (non-inhibited controls = 0% inhibition). All tests were performed in triplicate. [3H]thymidine incorporation was determined by the following technique. Test medium was removed and replaced with serum-free MEM containing 0-625 ^Ci/ml [wetAy/- ...
5.4 Asexual Reproduction Binary fission is similar in function to
... KEY CONCEPT Many organisms reproduce by cell division. ...
... KEY CONCEPT Many organisms reproduce by cell division. ...
CHAPTER 9 IMMUNOGLOBULIN BIOSYNTHESIS
... production of IgM to IgG, from IgG to IgA, etc. The light chain does not change, nor does the VH; only the CH changes, so that the original combining site (and therefore idiotype) is now associated with a molecule of a different class or subclass. Switching is unidirectional--an IgG-producing cell c ...
... production of IgM to IgG, from IgG to IgA, etc. The light chain does not change, nor does the VH; only the CH changes, so that the original combining site (and therefore idiotype) is now associated with a molecule of a different class or subclass. Switching is unidirectional--an IgG-producing cell c ...
An indelible lineage marker for Xenopus using a
... substrate reactions, which do not always give accurate localization of the enzyme. Most importantly, none of these lineage markers can be seen in living cells. A potentially ideal lineage marker is provided by the green fluorescent protein of Aequorea victoria (Chalfie et al., 1994). However, the gr ...
... substrate reactions, which do not always give accurate localization of the enzyme. Most importantly, none of these lineage markers can be seen in living cells. A potentially ideal lineage marker is provided by the green fluorescent protein of Aequorea victoria (Chalfie et al., 1994). However, the gr ...
Powerpoint sel
... To remove toxic substances from the body To help the body to move To defend the body against disease with the help of lymphocytes To produce hormones to control the body’s activities and development BM Version ...
... To remove toxic substances from the body To help the body to move To defend the body against disease with the help of lymphocytes To produce hormones to control the body’s activities and development BM Version ...
Plant Cell
... Much of what is understood about mitosis in plants is based on extrapolation from how cell division functions in other systems, such as yeast (Scheres and Benfey, 1999). Identification of new genes that control this multicellular process in plants is hampered by the lack of a system in which cell di ...
... Much of what is understood about mitosis in plants is based on extrapolation from how cell division functions in other systems, such as yeast (Scheres and Benfey, 1999). Identification of new genes that control this multicellular process in plants is hampered by the lack of a system in which cell di ...
Chapter 2
... To remove toxic substances from the body To help the body to move To defend the body against disease with the help of lymphocytes To produce hormones to control the body’s activities and development BM Version ...
... To remove toxic substances from the body To help the body to move To defend the body against disease with the help of lymphocytes To produce hormones to control the body’s activities and development BM Version ...
Protein Expression in the Drosophila Schneider 2 Cell System
... copies of target DNA in the resulting drug-selected polyclonal population. Although the correlation is generally not 1:1, the greater the target copy number per cell, the more target protein expressed. Despite this, the number of copies for any given cell within a polyclonal population can vary up t ...
... copies of target DNA in the resulting drug-selected polyclonal population. Although the correlation is generally not 1:1, the greater the target copy number per cell, the more target protein expressed. Despite this, the number of copies for any given cell within a polyclonal population can vary up t ...
A balanced pyrimidine pool is required for optimal Chk1 activation to
... CDA deficiency leads to an intracellular accumulation of dCTP (Chabosseau et al., 2011; Gemble et al., 2015). The addition of dC to the culture medium of CDA-proficient cells reproduces the increase in dCTP levels observed in CDA-deficient cells, mimicking CDA deficiency (Chabosseau et al., 2011; Ge ...
... CDA deficiency leads to an intracellular accumulation of dCTP (Chabosseau et al., 2011; Gemble et al., 2015). The addition of dC to the culture medium of CDA-proficient cells reproduces the increase in dCTP levels observed in CDA-deficient cells, mimicking CDA deficiency (Chabosseau et al., 2011; Ge ...
Tricellulin regulates junctional tension of epithelial cells at tricellular
... the screening contained the sixth SH3 domain at the C-terminus. Immunoprecipitation assay revealed that exogenously expressed full-length tricellulin and tricellulinC interacted with endogenous Tuba in HEK293 cells, while tricellulinN did not (Fig. 4B, C). Taken together, these findings indicate t ...
... the screening contained the sixth SH3 domain at the C-terminus. Immunoprecipitation assay revealed that exogenously expressed full-length tricellulin and tricellulinC interacted with endogenous Tuba in HEK293 cells, while tricellulinN did not (Fig. 4B, C). Taken together, these findings indicate t ...
Entry of oomycete and fungal effectors into plant and animal host cells
... an exposed loop of 10 amino acids (Sarma et al., 2005), of which 6 match the RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartate) loop of the animal extracellular protein vitronectin. The ToxA RGD motif bound with high affinity to sites on the plant cell membrane, and was required for entry into plant cells (Manning et ...
... an exposed loop of 10 amino acids (Sarma et al., 2005), of which 6 match the RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartate) loop of the animal extracellular protein vitronectin. The ToxA RGD motif bound with high affinity to sites on the plant cell membrane, and was required for entry into plant cells (Manning et ...
RETINOBLASTOMA RELATED1 Regulates
... backed up by the two redundantly acting CDKB1s (CDKB1;1 and CDKB1;2) (Nowack et al., 2012). CDKB1s also function in the control of M phase and the analysis of loss-of-function as well as dominant-negative alleles have in particular revealed a role in the last (i.e., symmetric) division during stomat ...
... backed up by the two redundantly acting CDKB1s (CDKB1;1 and CDKB1;2) (Nowack et al., 2012). CDKB1s also function in the control of M phase and the analysis of loss-of-function as well as dominant-negative alleles have in particular revealed a role in the last (i.e., symmetric) division during stomat ...
New twists on embryonic patterning
... inhibitory component of the Wnt pathway Mao et al. (2001a) thus providing a direct physical link to intracellular protein complexes that mediate canonical Wnt signaling through the β-catenin pathway. Dkk-1 does not act as a direct Wnt antagonist, but rather exerts its inhibitory effect by binding to ...
... inhibitory component of the Wnt pathway Mao et al. (2001a) thus providing a direct physical link to intracellular protein complexes that mediate canonical Wnt signaling through the β-catenin pathway. Dkk-1 does not act as a direct Wnt antagonist, but rather exerts its inhibitory effect by binding to ...
Introduction to Cell fate and plasticity Introduction, fate maps
... Specification by interactions between cells. Relative positions are important. Variable cleavages produce no invariant fate assignments to cells. Massive cell rearrangements and migrations precede or accompany specification. Capacity for “regulative” development: allows cells to acquire different fu ...
... Specification by interactions between cells. Relative positions are important. Variable cleavages produce no invariant fate assignments to cells. Massive cell rearrangements and migrations precede or accompany specification. Capacity for “regulative” development: allows cells to acquire different fu ...
Tying rings for sex
... The delivery of effector molecules through the barrier formed by four bacterial membranes occurs following the formation of thin, tube-like extracellular filaments, the conjugative pili. It remains an open question whether DNA or other macromolecules per se are transported through the pili. For IncP ...
... The delivery of effector molecules through the barrier formed by four bacterial membranes occurs following the formation of thin, tube-like extracellular filaments, the conjugative pili. It remains an open question whether DNA or other macromolecules per se are transported through the pili. For IncP ...
L 9 Myosin
... (often called G-actin for globular) come together to form actin filaments (F-actin filament). • The structure is polar, with discernibly different ends. One end is called the barbed (plus) end, and the other is called the pointed (minus) end. ...
... (often called G-actin for globular) come together to form actin filaments (F-actin filament). • The structure is polar, with discernibly different ends. One end is called the barbed (plus) end, and the other is called the pointed (minus) end. ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.