Imaging ER-to-Golgi transport: towards a
... Proteins synthesised at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) have to undergo a number of consecutive and coordinated steps to reach the Golgi complex. To understand the dynamic complexity of ER-to-Golgi transport at the structural and molecular level, light microscopy approaches are fundamental tools that ...
... Proteins synthesised at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) have to undergo a number of consecutive and coordinated steps to reach the Golgi complex. To understand the dynamic complexity of ER-to-Golgi transport at the structural and molecular level, light microscopy approaches are fundamental tools that ...
Chewing the fat on natural killer T cell development
... α-galactosidase (Fabry) mutant mice had impaired NKT cell development (consistent with an earlier report that claimed reduced NKT cell numbers in the spleen [6]), no such defect was observed in a 2004 paper from Zhou et al. (19). Reasons for these discrepancies are unclear but may relate to differen ...
... α-galactosidase (Fabry) mutant mice had impaired NKT cell development (consistent with an earlier report that claimed reduced NKT cell numbers in the spleen [6]), no such defect was observed in a 2004 paper from Zhou et al. (19). Reasons for these discrepancies are unclear but may relate to differen ...
+TIPs and Microtubule Regulation. The Beginning of the Plus End in
... transitions between growing and shrinking states (Desai and Mitchison, 1997). The minus end is generally capped and stabilized by a complex of nucleating proteins, and MT dynamics are therefore primarily governed by the properties at the plus end, which elongates and shortens as it explores the cyto ...
... transitions between growing and shrinking states (Desai and Mitchison, 1997). The minus end is generally capped and stabilized by a complex of nucleating proteins, and MT dynamics are therefore primarily governed by the properties at the plus end, which elongates and shortens as it explores the cyto ...
Chapter 4 Notes
... than eukaryotic cells • Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have • a plasma membrane, • an interior filled with a thick, jellylike fluid called the cytosol, • one or more chromosomes, which carry genes made of DNA, and • ribosomes, tiny structures that make proteins according to instructions from the g ...
... than eukaryotic cells • Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have • a plasma membrane, • an interior filled with a thick, jellylike fluid called the cytosol, • one or more chromosomes, which carry genes made of DNA, and • ribosomes, tiny structures that make proteins according to instructions from the g ...
Bacteria 2014
... A hard, protective case that forms around the DNA of the bacteria cell during unfavorable growth conditions. Spores allow bacteria to survive harsh conditions. ...
... A hard, protective case that forms around the DNA of the bacteria cell during unfavorable growth conditions. Spores allow bacteria to survive harsh conditions. ...
Macroscopic stiffening of embryonic tissues via
... only part of the physical mechanisms that drive embryonic development and do not directly reveal the physical mechanical context of tissue movements. Recent studies have revealed how mechanical properties are regulated within tissues (Zhou et al., 2009) and suggest how mechanical properties can alte ...
... only part of the physical mechanisms that drive embryonic development and do not directly reveal the physical mechanical context of tissue movements. Recent studies have revealed how mechanical properties are regulated within tissues (Zhou et al., 2009) and suggest how mechanical properties can alte ...
Lactobacillus plantarum displaying CCL3 chemokine in fusion with
... for example influenza and HIV-1 [15–19]. Furthermore, a recent report showed that CCL3 was necessary (but not sufficient) for tumor rejection and efficient DCs migration to lymph nodes [20]. The use of bacteria as vaccine delivery vehicles is a very promising strategy for mucosal vaccination. Nonpat ...
... for example influenza and HIV-1 [15–19]. Furthermore, a recent report showed that CCL3 was necessary (but not sufficient) for tumor rejection and efficient DCs migration to lymph nodes [20]. The use of bacteria as vaccine delivery vehicles is a very promising strategy for mucosal vaccination. Nonpat ...
control of cell division of the intracellular chlorella symbionts in
... Green hydra exercises strict control over the number and reproduction of its intracellular algal symbionts. This control appears to be exercised at the level of the host digestive cell. Contrary to the suggestion of Pardy & Heacox (1976), the head appears to have no influence on algal reproduction i ...
... Green hydra exercises strict control over the number and reproduction of its intracellular algal symbionts. This control appears to be exercised at the level of the host digestive cell. Contrary to the suggestion of Pardy & Heacox (1976), the head appears to have no influence on algal reproduction i ...
On diamond surface properties and interactions with neurons.
... establishment of neuronal networks. Other highly desirable properties for such devices are biocompatibility over long time spans and optical transparency, that will allow using fluorescent dyes for multiparametrical monitoring of the functional state of cell populations. Diamond possesses all the ch ...
... establishment of neuronal networks. Other highly desirable properties for such devices are biocompatibility over long time spans and optical transparency, that will allow using fluorescent dyes for multiparametrical monitoring of the functional state of cell populations. Diamond possesses all the ch ...
2. Archenteron Morphogenesis in the Sea Urchin
... The progression of development involves an impressive array of morphoge netic rearrangements, each of which involves the coordination of multiple cel lular functions and molecular events. We have been studying gastrulation in the sea urchin embryo as a relatively simple model system in an attempt ...
... The progression of development involves an impressive array of morphoge netic rearrangements, each of which involves the coordination of multiple cel lular functions and molecular events. We have been studying gastrulation in the sea urchin embryo as a relatively simple model system in an attempt ...
Developing a `thick skin`: a paradoxical role for
... experimental tests (such as cuts) in the shoot, and it is possible that the root epidermis plays a very different mechanical role than the shoot epidermis. The developmental ontogeny of root epidermal cells is also rather different to that of shoot epidermal cells, and their function in absorbing wa ...
... experimental tests (such as cuts) in the shoot, and it is possible that the root epidermis plays a very different mechanical role than the shoot epidermis. The developmental ontogeny of root epidermal cells is also rather different to that of shoot epidermal cells, and their function in absorbing wa ...
reviews
... by nanog and GATA6, respectively, requires additional reinforcement by position-dependent mechanisms to manifest cell lineage choices. When cells that are committed to the PE do not reach their appropriate destination at the surface of the ICM, they are forced to undergo apoptosis8. low-density lipo ...
... by nanog and GATA6, respectively, requires additional reinforcement by position-dependent mechanisms to manifest cell lineage choices. When cells that are committed to the PE do not reach their appropriate destination at the surface of the ICM, they are forced to undergo apoptosis8. low-density lipo ...
The CENP-O complex requirement varies among different cell types
... CENP-O, CENP-P, CENP-Q, and CENP-U proteins formed a stable complex that could associate with CENPR (Hori et al. 2008b). Thus, we concluded that CENP-O, CENP-P, CENP-Q, and CENP-U proteins formed a stable complex and that CENP-R functioned downstream of these four proteins. Based on immunofluorescen ...
... CENP-O, CENP-P, CENP-Q, and CENP-U proteins formed a stable complex that could associate with CENPR (Hori et al. 2008b). Thus, we concluded that CENP-O, CENP-P, CENP-Q, and CENP-U proteins formed a stable complex and that CENP-R functioned downstream of these four proteins. Based on immunofluorescen ...
a complexity drain on cells in the evolution of
... A second rationale is that selection on a multicellular entity favors a reduction in the range of behavioral possibilities in its component cells. To play its proper role, a cell must not only behave appropriately, it must be constrained from behaving inappropriately. One way to eliminate inappropri ...
... A second rationale is that selection on a multicellular entity favors a reduction in the range of behavioral possibilities in its component cells. To play its proper role, a cell must not only behave appropriately, it must be constrained from behaving inappropriately. One way to eliminate inappropri ...
The roles of two C. elegans HOX co-factor orthologs
... In Caenorhabditis elegans, Hox genes specify patterns of cell migration, cell division, differentiation and morphogenesis along the anteroposterior body axis. In this study, we have characterized mutations in two genes: ceh-20, which encodes the C. elegans ortholog of the Hox co-factor Extradenticle ...
... In Caenorhabditis elegans, Hox genes specify patterns of cell migration, cell division, differentiation and morphogenesis along the anteroposterior body axis. In this study, we have characterized mutations in two genes: ceh-20, which encodes the C. elegans ortholog of the Hox co-factor Extradenticle ...
Intercellular adhesion and cell separation in plants
... Why do epidermal cells not adhere on contact? When two leaves or stems of the same plant come into chance contact they do not fuse, but remain distinct. Likewise pollen tubes that germinate on an epidermal surface other than the stigma do not interact with it. However during flower formation in many ...
... Why do epidermal cells not adhere on contact? When two leaves or stems of the same plant come into chance contact they do not fuse, but remain distinct. Likewise pollen tubes that germinate on an epidermal surface other than the stigma do not interact with it. However during flower formation in many ...
Functions of LIM proteins in cell polarity and chemotactic motility
... Here we present the characterization of two novel Dictyostelium LIM proteins: LimC, which is comprised primarily of two LIM domains, and LimD, which harbors a single LIM domain. We have studied the dynamics of their subcellular redistribution using a green ¯uorescent protein (GFP)-tagged version of ...
... Here we present the characterization of two novel Dictyostelium LIM proteins: LimC, which is comprised primarily of two LIM domains, and LimD, which harbors a single LIM domain. We have studied the dynamics of their subcellular redistribution using a green ¯uorescent protein (GFP)-tagged version of ...
Active uptake of cyst nematode parasitism proteins into the plant cell
... Fenoll, 2002; Jasmer et al., 2003). While the exact molecular mechanisms that lead to the differentiation of this nematode-induced structure are still unknown, interference with the normal nuclear biology of the host cell might play an important role (Goverse et al., 2000; Davis et al., 2004; Tytgat ...
... Fenoll, 2002; Jasmer et al., 2003). While the exact molecular mechanisms that lead to the differentiation of this nematode-induced structure are still unknown, interference with the normal nuclear biology of the host cell might play an important role (Goverse et al., 2000; Davis et al., 2004; Tytgat ...
Name___________________ Viruses Read
... consider viruses to be nonliving because viruses are not cells. Viruses do not use energy to grow or to respond to their surroundings. They cannot reproduce on their own. Viruses can only multiply when they are inside a living cell. They can attack all organisms. The organism that a virus enters and ...
... consider viruses to be nonliving because viruses are not cells. Viruses do not use energy to grow or to respond to their surroundings. They cannot reproduce on their own. Viruses can only multiply when they are inside a living cell. They can attack all organisms. The organism that a virus enters and ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.