1 Laccases direct lignification in the discrete secondary cell wall
... protoxylem TEs in the central vascular cylinder (Fig. 1A). However, within 48 hours of VND7 induction, nearly 100% of hypocotyl epidermal cells of VND7-VP16-GR seedlings transdifferentiated into protoxylem TEs with highly fluorescent secondary cell walls (Fig. 1B,C). In order to verify that the UV a ...
... protoxylem TEs in the central vascular cylinder (Fig. 1A). However, within 48 hours of VND7 induction, nearly 100% of hypocotyl epidermal cells of VND7-VP16-GR seedlings transdifferentiated into protoxylem TEs with highly fluorescent secondary cell walls (Fig. 1B,C). In order to verify that the UV a ...
regulator of cell-plate formation in plant cytokinesis The NPK1
... Chua 1997), and then we introduced it into BY-2 cells. We selected three cell lines (HA–KW cell lines) that grew normally without DEX but synthesized HA–NPK1KW in the presence of DEX (maximum levels were obtained 18 to 24 h after addition of 0.1 to 1.0 µM DEX) but not in the absence of DEX. We also ...
... Chua 1997), and then we introduced it into BY-2 cells. We selected three cell lines (HA–KW cell lines) that grew normally without DEX but synthesized HA–NPK1KW in the presence of DEX (maximum levels were obtained 18 to 24 h after addition of 0.1 to 1.0 µM DEX) but not in the absence of DEX. We also ...
Wnt3a-mediated chemorepulsion controls movement
... an HH11 embryo after live imaging shows normal heart morphogenesis and cardiac specific gene expression. (D) Paraffin transverse section of the embryo shown in C. (E,F) In situ hybridisation shows (E) Fgf8 and (F) Wnt3a transcripts are expressed in the HH3 primitive streak. (G) A weak signal for Wnt ...
... an HH11 embryo after live imaging shows normal heart morphogenesis and cardiac specific gene expression. (D) Paraffin transverse section of the embryo shown in C. (E,F) In situ hybridisation shows (E) Fgf8 and (F) Wnt3a transcripts are expressed in the HH3 primitive streak. (G) A weak signal for Wnt ...
MicroRNA-regulated gene networks during mammary cell
... obtained by comparison with the genome-wide mRNA analysis. Survival cluster analysis To analyze the effect of undifferentiated HC11 gene signature in breast cancer patient samples, the list of significant murine genes from the HC11 cell studies were matched to their human orthologs. Expression profi ...
... obtained by comparison with the genome-wide mRNA analysis. Survival cluster analysis To analyze the effect of undifferentiated HC11 gene signature in breast cancer patient samples, the list of significant murine genes from the HC11 cell studies were matched to their human orthologs. Expression profi ...
Nature - Andreas Jenny`s Laboratory
... (Fig. 4b, c). In both contexts the asymmetric localization of Gfp-Pk was severely reduced or absent. These results establish membrane localization of Gfp-Pk as the first molecular marker of planar polarity in neural progenitors and reveal that PCP signalling polarizes cells across the anteroposterio ...
... (Fig. 4b, c). In both contexts the asymmetric localization of Gfp-Pk was severely reduced or absent. These results establish membrane localization of Gfp-Pk as the first molecular marker of planar polarity in neural progenitors and reveal that PCP signalling polarizes cells across the anteroposterio ...
Mediation of Clathrin-Dependent Trafficking during
... dependent upon endomembrane trafficking to add new membrane and CW materials to an expanding CP or the existing PM. Numerous membrane transport and fusion proteins function in both cytokinesis and cell expansion. For example, the Arabidopsis thaliana small GTPase RabA2a is necessary for delivery of t ...
... dependent upon endomembrane trafficking to add new membrane and CW materials to an expanding CP or the existing PM. Numerous membrane transport and fusion proteins function in both cytokinesis and cell expansion. For example, the Arabidopsis thaliana small GTPase RabA2a is necessary for delivery of t ...
Cell cycle–dependent phosphorylation of Sec4p controls membrane
... spatially and temporally localizes with Cdc5p exclusively when Sec4p phosphorylation levels peak during the cell cycle, indicating Sec4p is a direct Cdc5p substrate. Our data suggest the physiological relevance of Sec4p phosphorylation is to facilitate the coordination of membrane-trafficking events ...
... spatially and temporally localizes with Cdc5p exclusively when Sec4p phosphorylation levels peak during the cell cycle, indicating Sec4p is a direct Cdc5p substrate. Our data suggest the physiological relevance of Sec4p phosphorylation is to facilitate the coordination of membrane-trafficking events ...
Biology I Syllabus
... How do enzymes work in biochemical reactions? QC Standards addressed: A.1.a.b.c.d.e.f A.3.f A.4.c.d A.5.a.b.c.d.e.f.g.h.i. Learning Targets. How do I?: Identify and describe how subatomic particles are arranged in atoms? Describe the difference in ions and atoms and their importance in biologi ...
... How do enzymes work in biochemical reactions? QC Standards addressed: A.1.a.b.c.d.e.f A.3.f A.4.c.d A.5.a.b.c.d.e.f.g.h.i. Learning Targets. How do I?: Identify and describe how subatomic particles are arranged in atoms? Describe the difference in ions and atoms and their importance in biologi ...
Project Details - School of Biomedical Sciences
... retina, skeletal muscle, brain, and leukocytes, exhibiting multiple functions and tissue-protective effects in many models of oxidant-induced injury [1,2]. This sulphur-containing amino acid may be derived from the diet or biosynthesized as an end-product of methionine and cysteine metabolism. Altho ...
... retina, skeletal muscle, brain, and leukocytes, exhibiting multiple functions and tissue-protective effects in many models of oxidant-induced injury [1,2]. This sulphur-containing amino acid may be derived from the diet or biosynthesized as an end-product of methionine and cysteine metabolism. Altho ...
- University of East Anglia
... an HH11 embryo after live imaging shows normal heart morphogenesis and cardiac specific gene expression. (D) Paraffin transverse section of the embryo shown in C. (E,F) In situ hybridisation shows (E) Fgf8 and (F) Wnt3a transcripts are expressed in the HH3 primitive streak. (G) A weak signal for Wnt ...
... an HH11 embryo after live imaging shows normal heart morphogenesis and cardiac specific gene expression. (D) Paraffin transverse section of the embryo shown in C. (E,F) In situ hybridisation shows (E) Fgf8 and (F) Wnt3a transcripts are expressed in the HH3 primitive streak. (G) A weak signal for Wnt ...
72 2. INTRODUCTION: THE ROLE OF ONCOGENES IN SIGNAL
... events (54-58). In a series of early studies by Gorman and colleagues, NIH-3T3 cells expressing the ras oncogene isolated from the EJ human bladder carcinoma, were found to have defects in two G-protein-regulated systems hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase and PDGFstimulated phospholipase activitie ...
... events (54-58). In a series of early studies by Gorman and colleagues, NIH-3T3 cells expressing the ras oncogene isolated from the EJ human bladder carcinoma, were found to have defects in two G-protein-regulated systems hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase and PDGFstimulated phospholipase activitie ...
Mathematical Modelling of the Loss of Tissue Compression
... was found that increased β-catenin transcriptional activity upon overexpression of stable activated β-catenin in the intestine [55] or of truncated β-catenin in the skin [49] of transgenic mice leads to the development of intestinal polyp and hair tumours, respectively. β-catenin mutations have been ...
... was found that increased β-catenin transcriptional activity upon overexpression of stable activated β-catenin in the intestine [55] or of truncated β-catenin in the skin [49] of transgenic mice leads to the development of intestinal polyp and hair tumours, respectively. β-catenin mutations have been ...
division plane orientation in plant cells
... part of the division plane selection process in some cells, nuclear position alone cannot be sufficient to determine the division plane. For example, an elongated cell may divide symmetrically in either transverse or longitudinal planes – in either case, the premitotic nucleus will be located centra ...
... part of the division plane selection process in some cells, nuclear position alone cannot be sufficient to determine the division plane. For example, an elongated cell may divide symmetrically in either transverse or longitudinal planes – in either case, the premitotic nucleus will be located centra ...
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... pattern, by cells in a micromere-derived provisional embryonic epithelium. Its spatial and temporal expression pattern make it a candidate for participation in the regulation of cell fate in the O/P equivalence group. o 1992 Academic PRSS, hc. INTRODUCTION ...
... pattern, by cells in a micromere-derived provisional embryonic epithelium. Its spatial and temporal expression pattern make it a candidate for participation in the regulation of cell fate in the O/P equivalence group. o 1992 Academic PRSS, hc. INTRODUCTION ...
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... Hydra restores its simple pattern of head, body and foot by regenerating lost parts in their correct polarity and by regulating the proportions of the axis despite variations in the overall size of the animal. Normal regeneration of a new head is inhibited however when an intact head is grafted to t ...
... Hydra restores its simple pattern of head, body and foot by regenerating lost parts in their correct polarity and by regulating the proportions of the axis despite variations in the overall size of the animal. Normal regeneration of a new head is inhibited however when an intact head is grafted to t ...
- ISpatula
... Arrangement of leaves on the stem : the leading model propose that polar auxin transport in the shoot apex generates local peaks in auxin concentration that determine the site of leaf primordium ( place where leaf grow) formation and thereby the different phyllotaxies found in nature . 4. it plays r ...
... Arrangement of leaves on the stem : the leading model propose that polar auxin transport in the shoot apex generates local peaks in auxin concentration that determine the site of leaf primordium ( place where leaf grow) formation and thereby the different phyllotaxies found in nature . 4. it plays r ...
SASEC2015 Third Southern African Solar Energy Conference 11 – 13 May 2015
... The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of a solar cell are represented by a diode equation and an equivalent circuit which successfully describes the electrical behaviour of a solar cell [4]. The I-V characteristics of a solar cell or module can be measured using an indoor solar simulator or an o ...
... The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of a solar cell are represented by a diode equation and an equivalent circuit which successfully describes the electrical behaviour of a solar cell [4]. The I-V characteristics of a solar cell or module can be measured using an indoor solar simulator or an o ...
The Functions Of Polarized Water And Membrane Lipids: A Rebuttal
... Having established essential background, I proceed now to point-by-point refutation of the paper2 assailing my previously published report.' Existence of Lipid Bilayers in Biological Membranes The critical paper misrepresented my view by stating I had concluded that ". . . the unit membrane structur ...
... Having established essential background, I proceed now to point-by-point refutation of the paper2 assailing my previously published report.' Existence of Lipid Bilayers in Biological Membranes The critical paper misrepresented my view by stating I had concluded that ". . . the unit membrane structur ...
Immunity Cells Programmed by Mediators of Type 1 Nanotube
... are critical for the initiation of CTL responses (1). This process also involves immune communication with a subset of lymph node– resident DC that possess an enhanced ability to cross-present Ag to CD8+ T cells (11, 12). Transfer of antigenic information between migratory and lymph node–residing DC ...
... are critical for the initiation of CTL responses (1). This process also involves immune communication with a subset of lymph node– resident DC that possess an enhanced ability to cross-present Ag to CD8+ T cells (11, 12). Transfer of antigenic information between migratory and lymph node–residing DC ...
Forces That Move Ions and Molecules
... and into the cytoplasm within the cell. On the other hand, because cells produce CO2 as a byproduct of metabolism, CO2 concentrations rise within the cytoplasm; therefore, CO2 will move from the cell through the lipid bilayer and into the interstitial uid, where its concentration is lower. This mec ...
... and into the cytoplasm within the cell. On the other hand, because cells produce CO2 as a byproduct of metabolism, CO2 concentrations rise within the cytoplasm; therefore, CO2 will move from the cell through the lipid bilayer and into the interstitial uid, where its concentration is lower. This mec ...
Figure 1 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
... packed in the plane of the epithelium, and are so narrow that each cell bulges around its nucleus. The wedge shape of hinge point cells is, at least substantially, a result of basally located nuclei. This seems to be related to interkinetic nuclear migration, which is the apicobasal movement of the ...
... packed in the plane of the epithelium, and are so narrow that each cell bulges around its nucleus. The wedge shape of hinge point cells is, at least substantially, a result of basally located nuclei. This seems to be related to interkinetic nuclear migration, which is the apicobasal movement of the ...
The Distribution and Morphology Alterations of Microfilaments and
... studies on cytoskeleton mainly focused on animal cells, and there were rarely researches or reports about cytoskeleton morphological alterations and molecular mechanism using plant cells as materials. Recently, with the continuous improvement of research technology in life sciences, the understandin ...
... studies on cytoskeleton mainly focused on animal cells, and there were rarely researches or reports about cytoskeleton morphological alterations and molecular mechanism using plant cells as materials. Recently, with the continuous improvement of research technology in life sciences, the understandin ...
hTERT Inhibition Triggers Epstein–Barr Virus Lytic Cycle and
... chemotherapeutic drugs are known to trigger EBV replication, including 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, doxorubicin, and several histone deacetylase inhibitors (9–12). EBVcarrying tumor cells may also be killed by prodrugs, such as ganciclovir or radiolabeled nucleoside analogs, which are activated by ...
... chemotherapeutic drugs are known to trigger EBV replication, including 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, doxorubicin, and several histone deacetylase inhibitors (9–12). EBVcarrying tumor cells may also be killed by prodrugs, such as ganciclovir or radiolabeled nucleoside analogs, which are activated by ...
Regeneration in plants and animals: dedifferentiation
... regarded as a homogeneous cell population, is now known to be a heterogeneous pool of progenitor cells with restricted potential [8]. Careful cell lineage analyses show that the regenerating cells maintain the memory of their earlier cellular identity and give rise to tissues only within their origi ...
... regarded as a homogeneous cell population, is now known to be a heterogeneous pool of progenitor cells with restricted potential [8]. Careful cell lineage analyses show that the regenerating cells maintain the memory of their earlier cellular identity and give rise to tissues only within their origi ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.