OGT Practice Life Science
... The picture below shows some of the structures in a single-celled organism. ...
... The picture below shows some of the structures in a single-celled organism. ...
viability. Bacterial plasmolysis as a physical
... scattering of the condensed, plasmolyzed cell protoplast. Light scattering of ethanol-killed control biofilm cells underwent little change following salt stress. When the results obtained with scanning confocal laser microscopy and a fluorescent viability probe were compared with the accuracy of pla ...
... scattering of the condensed, plasmolyzed cell protoplast. Light scattering of ethanol-killed control biofilm cells underwent little change following salt stress. When the results obtained with scanning confocal laser microscopy and a fluorescent viability probe were compared with the accuracy of pla ...
Cytoskeletal Elements in Bacteria
... for Sulfolobus species, other Crenarchaeota, and some cell wall-less bacteria (belonging to the Mollicutes). Its essential function in cell division notwithstanding, FtsZ is dispensable for growth in Streptomyces coelicolor. Curiously, this organism can grow in the absence of ...
... for Sulfolobus species, other Crenarchaeota, and some cell wall-less bacteria (belonging to the Mollicutes). Its essential function in cell division notwithstanding, FtsZ is dispensable for growth in Streptomyces coelicolor. Curiously, this organism can grow in the absence of ...
A Novel Plant Kinesin-Related Protein Specifically
... substitutions compared with the majority of kinesin superfamily members, we wondered whether it could still behave like a motor protein. Most members of the kinesin superfamily bind to MTs in an ATP-dependent manner. A glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein (GST-AtPAKRP2-M) containing the At ...
... substitutions compared with the majority of kinesin superfamily members, we wondered whether it could still behave like a motor protein. Most members of the kinesin superfamily bind to MTs in an ATP-dependent manner. A glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein (GST-AtPAKRP2-M) containing the At ...
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... specific E2FA [13,30]. After DNA replication at S phase, CYCBs associate with CDKA or CDKB to promote G2/M transition [31], CYCB1;1 being a typical division marker of the apical meristem [32]. In a manner analogous to E2F in G1/S, the G2 CYC-CDKA/B complexes phosphorylate several G2-specific transcr ...
... specific E2FA [13,30]. After DNA replication at S phase, CYCBs associate with CDKA or CDKB to promote G2/M transition [31], CYCB1;1 being a typical division marker of the apical meristem [32]. In a manner analogous to E2F in G1/S, the G2 CYC-CDKA/B complexes phosphorylate several G2-specific transcr ...
Molecular organization of the cell wall of Candida albicans
... (Fig. 3), and that are predicted to be involved in adhesion to mammalian cells [36]. This family has nine known members, each possessing an N-terminal domain with clear sequence similarity to the N-terminal half of Sag1, the sexual agglutinin of mating type a cells of S. cerevisiae. Interestingly, t ...
... (Fig. 3), and that are predicted to be involved in adhesion to mammalian cells [36]. This family has nine known members, each possessing an N-terminal domain with clear sequence similarity to the N-terminal half of Sag1, the sexual agglutinin of mating type a cells of S. cerevisiae. Interestingly, t ...
The F8H Glycosyltransferase is a Functional Paralog of FRA8
... closest homolog of FRA8, and its deduced amino acid sequence shares 69% similarity and 59% identity with FRA8 (Fig. 1A); therefore, we designated it as F8H. To examine the expression pattern of the F8H gene, we first analyzed its expression level in various organs and laser-microdissected cells from ...
... closest homolog of FRA8, and its deduced amino acid sequence shares 69% similarity and 59% identity with FRA8 (Fig. 1A); therefore, we designated it as F8H. To examine the expression pattern of the F8H gene, we first analyzed its expression level in various organs and laser-microdissected cells from ...
VCE_MFST1500-4
... organisms whose growth on foods usually can be recognized. The main part of the growth commonly is white, but it may be colored, dark, or smokey. Colored spores are typical of some types of mature mold growth and may give color to part or all of the growth. Holds normally reproduce by spore formatio ...
... organisms whose growth on foods usually can be recognized. The main part of the growth commonly is white, but it may be colored, dark, or smokey. Colored spores are typical of some types of mature mold growth and may give color to part or all of the growth. Holds normally reproduce by spore formatio ...
Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell 1) The
... Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 6.6 47) Researchers tried to explain how vesicular transport occurs in cells by attempting to assemble the transport components. They set up microtubular tracks along which vesicles could be transported, and they added vesicles and ATP (be ...
... Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 6.6 47) Researchers tried to explain how vesicular transport occurs in cells by attempting to assemble the transport components. They set up microtubular tracks along which vesicles could be transported, and they added vesicles and ATP (be ...
Rearrangement of the Keratin Cytoskeleton after Combined
... cytochalasin D in inducing keratin rearrangement. Both cytochalasin B and cytochalasin D were effective in combination with demecolcine or vinblastine sulfate (Table 1). Cytochalasin D in combination with fl-lumicolchicine had a markedly reduced effect on the organization of cytokeratins (Table 1) . ...
... cytochalasin D in inducing keratin rearrangement. Both cytochalasin B and cytochalasin D were effective in combination with demecolcine or vinblastine sulfate (Table 1). Cytochalasin D in combination with fl-lumicolchicine had a markedly reduced effect on the organization of cytokeratins (Table 1) . ...
Betulinic Acid-induced Programmed Cell Death in
... integrally involved in the process of programmed cell death, our objective was to identify more specific cellular targets to explain specificity. MAPKs5 are known to be triggered early in the apoptotic process. MAPKs are a family of serine/threonine protein kinases capable of phosphorylating numerou ...
... integrally involved in the process of programmed cell death, our objective was to identify more specific cellular targets to explain specificity. MAPKs5 are known to be triggered early in the apoptotic process. MAPKs are a family of serine/threonine protein kinases capable of phosphorylating numerou ...
Molecular Identity of Hematopoietic Precursor Cells
... KDR, and KG-1 kinase genes were made from PCR fragments subcloned into the pGEM-T vector (Promega, Madison, WI) and corresponding to the following nucleotidic sequences in the Genbank database: tal-1/SCL: nt 4082-4979, accession no. M61108; GATA-2: nt 1861-2673, accession no. M68891; c-kit: nt 4442- ...
... KDR, and KG-1 kinase genes were made from PCR fragments subcloned into the pGEM-T vector (Promega, Madison, WI) and corresponding to the following nucleotidic sequences in the Genbank database: tal-1/SCL: nt 4082-4979, accession no. M61108; GATA-2: nt 1861-2673, accession no. M68891; c-kit: nt 4442- ...
Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action
... Hsp90 binds to Hsp70-bound GR. Simultaneously, Hop acts as a docking protein and binds to both Hsp90 and Hsp70, and completes the formation of an intermediate complex. BAG-1 promotes dissociation of Hop-bound Hsp70 complex from the intermediate complex, and simultaneous association of p23 and IP to ...
... Hsp90 binds to Hsp70-bound GR. Simultaneously, Hop acts as a docking protein and binds to both Hsp90 and Hsp70, and completes the formation of an intermediate complex. BAG-1 promotes dissociation of Hop-bound Hsp70 complex from the intermediate complex, and simultaneous association of p23 and IP to ...
The histidine triad protein Hint1 interacts with Pontin and Reptin and
... (Date et al., 2001; Moreira et al., 2001) and the scavenger mRNA decapping enzyme DcpS (Liu et al., 2002). Less is known about the physiological and cellular functions of Hint1/PKCI. The identification of Hint1/PKCI interaction partners suggested that it might be involved in the regulation of transc ...
... (Date et al., 2001; Moreira et al., 2001) and the scavenger mRNA decapping enzyme DcpS (Liu et al., 2002). Less is known about the physiological and cellular functions of Hint1/PKCI. The identification of Hint1/PKCI interaction partners suggested that it might be involved in the regulation of transc ...
Cell Structure Tumor Microenvironment
... • The cell is the essential unit of structure and function in living organisms • All cells arise from pre-existing cells by division • All cells have basically the same composition • Energy flow occurs within cells • Cells contain hereditary information (DNA) which is passed from cell to cell during ...
... • The cell is the essential unit of structure and function in living organisms • All cells arise from pre-existing cells by division • All cells have basically the same composition • Energy flow occurs within cells • Cells contain hereditary information (DNA) which is passed from cell to cell during ...
Macromolecular biophysics of the plant cell wall: Concepts and
... the mechanical behaviour of the cell wall itself. It is necessary for the structure of the wall to loosen, but continuous growth does not result in any loss of strength so the synthesis of new material and its incorporation in the cell wall are also required. The manner in which wall loosening and s ...
... the mechanical behaviour of the cell wall itself. It is necessary for the structure of the wall to loosen, but continuous growth does not result in any loss of strength so the synthesis of new material and its incorporation in the cell wall are also required. The manner in which wall loosening and s ...
HAUSP, a deubiquitinating enzyme for p53, is polyubiquitinated
... cells expressing p53, and HAUSP (C224S) functions as a dominant-negative by enhancing, instead of inhibiting, p53 ubiquitination [12]. Therefore, our study supports a previous finding that the dominant negative effect of rHAUSP (C224S) leads to cell death of HeLa cells. One of possibilities is that th ...
... cells expressing p53, and HAUSP (C224S) functions as a dominant-negative by enhancing, instead of inhibiting, p53 ubiquitination [12]. Therefore, our study supports a previous finding that the dominant negative effect of rHAUSP (C224S) leads to cell death of HeLa cells. One of possibilities is that th ...
Biologie des ARN/RNA Biology
... 3) Vectorial export from the nucleus and local cytoplasmic diffusion; and 4) General degradation coupled to localized protection. ...
... 3) Vectorial export from the nucleus and local cytoplasmic diffusion; and 4) General degradation coupled to localized protection. ...
COTYLEDON VASCULAR PATTERN2–Mediated
... associated with vein formation (Sachs, 1991). The effects of exogenously applied auxin transport inhibitors and the pattern of activation of DR5 auxin-responsive reporter genes suggest that auxin acts as a positional cue for vein forming events (Mattsson et al., 1999, 2003; Sieburth, 1999). In addit ...
... associated with vein formation (Sachs, 1991). The effects of exogenously applied auxin transport inhibitors and the pattern of activation of DR5 auxin-responsive reporter genes suggest that auxin acts as a positional cue for vein forming events (Mattsson et al., 1999, 2003; Sieburth, 1999). In addit ...
Down-Regulation of DNA Topoisomerase IIα Leads to Prolonged
... 14-3-3. In contrast, Cdk1 (also known as cdc2 or p34cdc2) and topoisomerase II␣ were down-regulated (Chen et al., 2003). Similar findings were reported when the effect of paclitaxel was studied in vivo on ovarian carcinoma xenografts. It is interesting that topoisomerase II␣ was consistently down-r ...
... 14-3-3. In contrast, Cdk1 (also known as cdc2 or p34cdc2) and topoisomerase II␣ were down-regulated (Chen et al., 2003). Similar findings were reported when the effect of paclitaxel was studied in vivo on ovarian carcinoma xenografts. It is interesting that topoisomerase II␣ was consistently down-r ...
Nitrogen deficiency inhibits leaf blade growth in Lolium
... choice for unravelling cellular processes underlying growth responses. This is because of the presence of a developmental gradient along the leaf axis that spatially separates cell proliferation from cell expansion and maturation, allowing thus their simultaneous evaluation. Moreover, cell expansion ...
... choice for unravelling cellular processes underlying growth responses. This is because of the presence of a developmental gradient along the leaf axis that spatially separates cell proliferation from cell expansion and maturation, allowing thus their simultaneous evaluation. Moreover, cell expansion ...
Mechanistic investigation into the actions of taurine on beta cells
... retina, skeletal muscle, brain, and leukocytes, exhibiting multiple functions and tissue-protective effects in many models of oxidant-induced injury [1,2]. This sulphur-containing amino acid may be derived from the diet or biosynthesized as an end-product of methionine and cysteine metabolism. Altho ...
... retina, skeletal muscle, brain, and leukocytes, exhibiting multiple functions and tissue-protective effects in many models of oxidant-induced injury [1,2]. This sulphur-containing amino acid may be derived from the diet or biosynthesized as an end-product of methionine and cysteine metabolism. Altho ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.