The plant cytoskeleton: its significance in plant
... of animal cells will be present somehow in ...
... of animal cells will be present somehow in ...
Stochastic Responses May Allow Genetically Diverse Cell
... deterministic sharp switch from not activating to activating and could be implemented by the existing T cell signaling machinery if noise was suppressed (e.g., with more molecules). The same conclusion holds even if the expected costs are not strictly increasing (decreasing), as long as they do not ...
... deterministic sharp switch from not activating to activating and could be implemented by the existing T cell signaling machinery if noise was suppressed (e.g., with more molecules). The same conclusion holds even if the expected costs are not strictly increasing (decreasing), as long as they do not ...
A Dictyostelium Mutant with Reduced Lysozyme Levels
... Endocytosis and Cell Growth—The uptake of particles and fluid phase was measured as described previously (34, 35). To determine the capacity of cells to degrade bacteria in vivo, we used the assay established by Maselli et al. (36), except that we used E. coli expressing the green fluorescent protei ...
... Endocytosis and Cell Growth—The uptake of particles and fluid phase was measured as described previously (34, 35). To determine the capacity of cells to degrade bacteria in vivo, we used the assay established by Maselli et al. (36), except that we used E. coli expressing the green fluorescent protei ...
Evolutionary aspects of non-cell-autonomous regulation in vascular
... 48.6 kDa; Selaginella kraussiana SkKNOX1 (AAW62517.1), 51.4 kDa. For the other species on these blots, the sequences of the homologs are unknown. ...
... 48.6 kDa; Selaginella kraussiana SkKNOX1 (AAW62517.1), 51.4 kDa. For the other species on these blots, the sequences of the homologs are unknown. ...
gcat.davidson.edu
... transduction in the cell. ● Changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration trigger events in the cell such as enzyme activation. ● Ca2+ events often involve complex molecular interactions such as phosphorylation cascades. ...
... transduction in the cell. ● Changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration trigger events in the cell such as enzyme activation. ● Ca2+ events often involve complex molecular interactions such as phosphorylation cascades. ...
New roles for Nanos in neural cell fate determination revealed by
... somatic and germ cell lineages. Hydractinia reproduces sexually on a daily basis, has a short and accessible embryonic development, and is amenable to gene expression analysis and manipulation. The cnidarian nervous system is of particular interest because it is continuously being renewed in the adu ...
... somatic and germ cell lineages. Hydractinia reproduces sexually on a daily basis, has a short and accessible embryonic development, and is amenable to gene expression analysis and manipulation. The cnidarian nervous system is of particular interest because it is continuously being renewed in the adu ...
NIH Public Access
... examined the effect of perturbations in progenitor pool size on the determination of final organ size in mouse models. These authors have used cell ablation with targeted and controlled expression of Diptheria Toxin A (DTA) and complementation of Pdx1 null embryos with wild type embryonic stem cells ...
... examined the effect of perturbations in progenitor pool size on the determination of final organ size in mouse models. These authors have used cell ablation with targeted and controlled expression of Diptheria Toxin A (DTA) and complementation of Pdx1 null embryos with wild type embryonic stem cells ...
Pathogenesis of the Human Opportunistic Pathogen
... In this section we describe experiments that show that infection of Arabidopsis leaves with PA14 has a dramatic effect on the structures of the host cell walls and membranes and on the location and organization of host cell organelles. Uninfected Arabidopsis mesophyll cells have a large central vacu ...
... In this section we describe experiments that show that infection of Arabidopsis leaves with PA14 has a dramatic effect on the structures of the host cell walls and membranes and on the location and organization of host cell organelles. Uninfected Arabidopsis mesophyll cells have a large central vacu ...
Skb5, an SH3 adaptor protein, regulates Pmk1 MAPK signaling by
... Pck2 in wild-type (WT) cells results in severe growth defects, whereas the inhibition or deletion of the components of the Pmk1 MAPK pathway can reverse the growth defects. Consistent with this, the overproduction of protein from the pmp1+ gene, which we previously identified as a dual-specificity p ...
... Pck2 in wild-type (WT) cells results in severe growth defects, whereas the inhibition or deletion of the components of the Pmk1 MAPK pathway can reverse the growth defects. Consistent with this, the overproduction of protein from the pmp1+ gene, which we previously identified as a dual-specificity p ...
Pdf - Text of NPTEL IIT Video Lectures
... Now, if we see that gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Now, I have already told you that, gram negative bacteria has got pilin, pili. The pilin proteins are there; pili is present in gram negative bacteria. What is gram positive and what is gram negative bacteria? Now, this is a particular te ...
... Now, if we see that gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Now, I have already told you that, gram negative bacteria has got pilin, pili. The pilin proteins are there; pili is present in gram negative bacteria. What is gram positive and what is gram negative bacteria? Now, this is a particular te ...
Recent Progress in Research of the Mechanism of Fertilization in
... content of Arabidopsis thaliana and found that the two newly formed sperm cells enter the S phase of the cell cycle after mitosis of the generative cell, and the DNA content of both sperm cells then begins to increase. At the time of anthesis the DNA content of both sperm cells is 1.5 C. After polli ...
... content of Arabidopsis thaliana and found that the two newly formed sperm cells enter the S phase of the cell cycle after mitosis of the generative cell, and the DNA content of both sperm cells then begins to increase. At the time of anthesis the DNA content of both sperm cells is 1.5 C. After polli ...
Adjustment of Host Cells for Accommodation of
... the volumes occupied by vacuoles and symbiosomes. Infected and noninfected cells were analyzed in subsequent developmental stages. An overview of nodule zones and the developmental stages of symbiosomes is provided as a cartoon in Figure 1A and as light microscopy images in Figures 1B to 1E. Infecte ...
... the volumes occupied by vacuoles and symbiosomes. Infected and noninfected cells were analyzed in subsequent developmental stages. An overview of nodule zones and the developmental stages of symbiosomes is provided as a cartoon in Figure 1A and as light microscopy images in Figures 1B to 1E. Infecte ...
POP-1 and Anterior–Posterior Fate Decisions in
... execute their normal lineages even after neighboring blastomeres are killed or removed (Sulston et al., 1983; Junkersdorf and Schierenberg, 1992; Mello et al., 1992; Hutter and Schnabel, 1995). For example, the MS descendant born from the division sequence p-a-a-p-p undergoes apoptosis even if every ...
... execute their normal lineages even after neighboring blastomeres are killed or removed (Sulston et al., 1983; Junkersdorf and Schierenberg, 1992; Mello et al., 1992; Hutter and Schnabel, 1995). For example, the MS descendant born from the division sequence p-a-a-p-p undergoes apoptosis even if every ...
Developmental plasticity, cell fate specification and morphogenesis
... are initially expressed in all cells of the morula, with their expression gradually becoming restricted to the ICM. By contrast, the transcription factors important for TE specification are restricted earlier, at the 8- to 16-cell transition. These markers include Cdx2 [40,41], Eomes [42] and Gata3 ...
... are initially expressed in all cells of the morula, with their expression gradually becoming restricted to the ICM. By contrast, the transcription factors important for TE specification are restricted earlier, at the 8- to 16-cell transition. These markers include Cdx2 [40,41], Eomes [42] and Gata3 ...
Nonpolar region of phospholipid.
... 31) Dense spherical bodies in the nucleus that are synthesis site for ribosomal RNA. Answer: C ...
... 31) Dense spherical bodies in the nucleus that are synthesis site for ribosomal RNA. Answer: C ...
BE WHEN THEY GROW UP? Lessons from Epidermal Patterning in
... during differentiation, reaching average nuclear DNA levels of 20C–32C (34, 63), a process known as either endoreplication or endoreduplication (19). Endoreplication is a common variant of the cell cycle in which mitosis and cytokinesis are suppressed, but cycles of DNA replication continue. The rea ...
... during differentiation, reaching average nuclear DNA levels of 20C–32C (34, 63), a process known as either endoreplication or endoreduplication (19). Endoreplication is a common variant of the cell cycle in which mitosis and cytokinesis are suppressed, but cycles of DNA replication continue. The rea ...
MORPHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS
... • Cell death as the result of injury, disease, or pathological state • Usually involves large numbers of cells. • Necrotic cells may spill their contents, causing inflammation and injury to neighboring cells. Many types; • Coagulative necrosis, • Caseous necrosis • Liquefactive necrosis • Fat necros ...
... • Cell death as the result of injury, disease, or pathological state • Usually involves large numbers of cells. • Necrotic cells may spill their contents, causing inflammation and injury to neighboring cells. Many types; • Coagulative necrosis, • Caseous necrosis • Liquefactive necrosis • Fat necros ...
Large-scale histological analysis of leaf mutants using two simple
... Measurements of the number of palisade cells along two leaf axes allowed us to classify mutants according to axisdependent changes in cell number. We then examined whether such changes were correlated with changes in leaf shape. The leaf index roughly represents the overall proportions of the leaf b ...
... Measurements of the number of palisade cells along two leaf axes allowed us to classify mutants according to axisdependent changes in cell number. We then examined whether such changes were correlated with changes in leaf shape. The leaf index roughly represents the overall proportions of the leaf b ...
Chloroplast DNA in Mature and Senescing Leaves: A
... in that the plastome-encoded photosynthesis genes were no longer needed in adult leaves. Degradation or even entire loss of ptDNA was considered as an event during plastid and leaf development, common to all plants (Rowan et al., 2009). ptDNA degradation was also suggested to act as a signal inducin ...
... in that the plastome-encoded photosynthesis genes were no longer needed in adult leaves. Degradation or even entire loss of ptDNA was considered as an event during plastid and leaf development, common to all plants (Rowan et al., 2009). ptDNA degradation was also suggested to act as a signal inducin ...
1 1 2 3 4 5 Wnt proteins can direct planar cell polarity in
... embryos (n = 46), but it was only visible in cells located one to four cell diameters away from the ...
... embryos (n = 46), but it was only visible in cells located one to four cell diameters away from the ...
knockout, knock-in, and conditional mutant mice
... usually is needed to obtain homologous recombination at practical frequencies. The relationship between sequence divergence and targeting rates has not been examined systematically, but about 0.5% sequence divergence was shown to result in a 20-fold decrease in targeting frequency for constructs tar ...
... usually is needed to obtain homologous recombination at practical frequencies. The relationship between sequence divergence and targeting rates has not been examined systematically, but about 0.5% sequence divergence was shown to result in a 20-fold decrease in targeting frequency for constructs tar ...
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e
... d. Eukaryotic cells have evolved from prokaryotic cells. The correct answer is d— A. Answer a is incorrect. The cell theory states that all living things are composed of one or more cells. The correct answer is d— B. Answer b is incorrect. The idea that cells arise from preexisting cells is an impor ...
... d. Eukaryotic cells have evolved from prokaryotic cells. The correct answer is d— A. Answer a is incorrect. The cell theory states that all living things are composed of one or more cells. The correct answer is d— B. Answer b is incorrect. The idea that cells arise from preexisting cells is an impor ...
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e Chapter 04
... d. Eukaryotic cells have evolved from prokaryotic cells. The correct answer is d— A. Answer a is incorrect. The cell theory states that all living things are composed of one or more cells. The correct answer is d— B. Answer b is incorrect. The idea that cells arise from preexisting cells is an impor ...
... d. Eukaryotic cells have evolved from prokaryotic cells. The correct answer is d— A. Answer a is incorrect. The cell theory states that all living things are composed of one or more cells. The correct answer is d— B. Answer b is incorrect. The idea that cells arise from preexisting cells is an impor ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.