Cytoskeletal Motors in Arabidopsis. Sixty
... Day, 2001b). When an Arabidopsis kinesin and an animal or fungal one are grouped into the same subfamily, however, one should not simply interpret that they share a similar function. This is not only because their nonmotor sequences often show no common features, but also because bootstrap values ar ...
... Day, 2001b). When an Arabidopsis kinesin and an animal or fungal one are grouped into the same subfamily, however, one should not simply interpret that they share a similar function. This is not only because their nonmotor sequences often show no common features, but also because bootstrap values ar ...
Expression Sequences and Distribution of Two Primary Cell
... as shown by immunoblot analysis. The functional reactivity of this antibody in Xenopus was established by its ability (Gallin et al., 1983) to inhibit the aggregation of tadpole skin ceils in the presence of calcium. Skin cells were prepared by immersing stage 32 or 38 tadpoles in Hepes-buffered, Ca ...
... as shown by immunoblot analysis. The functional reactivity of this antibody in Xenopus was established by its ability (Gallin et al., 1983) to inhibit the aggregation of tadpole skin ceils in the presence of calcium. Skin cells were prepared by immersing stage 32 or 38 tadpoles in Hepes-buffered, Ca ...
AN ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE STUDY OF NATURALLY
... usually bent and segmented as if composed of shorter units. Thickness was variable, but in general was about 30% less than that of pili a and some micrographs (fig. 2b) showed these fibrils as a continuation of normal pili. Because it is not yet clear whether they are structurally related to pili a ...
... usually bent and segmented as if composed of shorter units. Thickness was variable, but in general was about 30% less than that of pili a and some micrographs (fig. 2b) showed these fibrils as a continuation of normal pili. Because it is not yet clear whether they are structurally related to pili a ...
here - The Nebenführ Lab
... and are delimited by the tonoplast (see Fig.1). These transvacuolar strands (TVS) are generally thought to serve two different functions. On the one hand, TVS provide a direct connection between the perinuclear cytoplasm and the cortical cytoplasm in distant parts of the cell, and as such, they can ...
... and are delimited by the tonoplast (see Fig.1). These transvacuolar strands (TVS) are generally thought to serve two different functions. On the one hand, TVS provide a direct connection between the perinuclear cytoplasm and the cortical cytoplasm in distant parts of the cell, and as such, they can ...
151 Compact cell image projector
... Cardiac inotropy depends, among other factors, on the interval between contractions. In this study, we developed instrumentation for cell shortening recording, which was used to investigate the influence of stimulatory rhythm on contraction amplitude of isolated rat ventricular myocytes. Peak cell s ...
... Cardiac inotropy depends, among other factors, on the interval between contractions. In this study, we developed instrumentation for cell shortening recording, which was used to investigate the influence of stimulatory rhythm on contraction amplitude of isolated rat ventricular myocytes. Peak cell s ...
ER and vacuoles: never been closer
... of vacuoles, the provacuoles. The tubular provacuoles are supposed to fuse with one another, forming a complex network that finally will give raise to the central vacuole (Marty, 1999). This hypothesis is based on an early electron microscopy study that revealed tubular structures at the trans-side o ...
... of vacuoles, the provacuoles. The tubular provacuoles are supposed to fuse with one another, forming a complex network that finally will give raise to the central vacuole (Marty, 1999). This hypothesis is based on an early electron microscopy study that revealed tubular structures at the trans-side o ...
Functional Utrastructure of Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae) Digestive
... that their function and mechanism were also similar. For a proper understanding of the functions of the trap, detailed knowledge of the ultrastructure of these hairs is required. On that basis, comparison of digestive hair ultrastructure in Pinguicula, Utricularia and Genlisea, revealing structural ...
... that their function and mechanism were also similar. For a proper understanding of the functions of the trap, detailed knowledge of the ultrastructure of these hairs is required. On that basis, comparison of digestive hair ultrastructure in Pinguicula, Utricularia and Genlisea, revealing structural ...
Cytostatic factor: an activity that puts the cell cycle on hold
... then undergo ‘maturation’ and enter the meiotic cell cycle (Ferrell, 1999) (see Fig. 1). In frogs, mice, humans and many other vertebrates meiosis halts again at metaphase of meiosis II, yielding a fertilizable (so-called mature) egg. On fertilization, the egg quickly completes the second meiotic di ...
... then undergo ‘maturation’ and enter the meiotic cell cycle (Ferrell, 1999) (see Fig. 1). In frogs, mice, humans and many other vertebrates meiosis halts again at metaphase of meiosis II, yielding a fertilizable (so-called mature) egg. On fertilization, the egg quickly completes the second meiotic di ...
Botanical Gazette
... concentrated near the epidermis that stained NINand PAS-positive; microsporophylls were not examined. All idioblasts and epidermal cells stained for tannins. Most idioblasts showed transfer cell wall-like structures and evidence of breakdown. Few druses were found in the sporophyll tissues. No starc ...
... concentrated near the epidermis that stained NINand PAS-positive; microsporophylls were not examined. All idioblasts and epidermal cells stained for tannins. Most idioblasts showed transfer cell wall-like structures and evidence of breakdown. Few druses were found in the sporophyll tissues. No starc ...
2009-2010 Course Syllabus for Intro to Biology
... vesicles, lysosomes, vacuoles, microtubules, microfilaments, chloroplast, cytoskeleton, centrioles, nucleolus, chromosomes, nuclear membrane, cell wall, cell membrane [active and passive transport], cytosol) Components of mobility (e.g., cilia, flagella, pseudopodia) b. Differentiate between types o ...
... vesicles, lysosomes, vacuoles, microtubules, microfilaments, chloroplast, cytoskeleton, centrioles, nucleolus, chromosomes, nuclear membrane, cell wall, cell membrane [active and passive transport], cytosol) Components of mobility (e.g., cilia, flagella, pseudopodia) b. Differentiate between types o ...
Coordination of Cellular Pattern-Generating Circuits that Control
... coupling between cells is not too strong, we can derive coupling functions, referred to as H functions, that predict the existence and stability of phase lags between the coupled three-cell local interneuron circuits (Ermentrout and Kopell, 1984; Kopell and Ermentrout, 1986) under various intersegme ...
... coupling between cells is not too strong, we can derive coupling functions, referred to as H functions, that predict the existence and stability of phase lags between the coupled three-cell local interneuron circuits (Ermentrout and Kopell, 1984; Kopell and Ermentrout, 1986) under various intersegme ...
Where in the Cell Are You? Probing HIV
... virions traffic from infected cells to infect the adjacent cell. Although the signalling events regulating this are not yet fully elucidated, the microtubule organizing centre (MTOC) can polarize to the synapse and likely plays an important role in synapse formation [18]. Furthermore, actin polymeri ...
... virions traffic from infected cells to infect the adjacent cell. Although the signalling events regulating this are not yet fully elucidated, the microtubule organizing centre (MTOC) can polarize to the synapse and likely plays an important role in synapse formation [18]. Furthermore, actin polymeri ...
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... dermatan. Some bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, S. pyogenes, and Clostridium perfringens, produce hyaluronidases as a means for greater bacterial mobility through the body’s tissues and as an antigenic disguise that prevents recognition of bacteria by ...
... dermatan. Some bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, S. pyogenes, and Clostridium perfringens, produce hyaluronidases as a means for greater bacterial mobility through the body’s tissues and as an antigenic disguise that prevents recognition of bacteria by ...
What do colony patterns mean? - James A. Shapiro
... modeling B. subtilis DBM Observations: 1. Amino acids necessary (I.B. Holland, personal communication) 2. DBM limited to a special region of the nutritional-mobility space 3. DBM characterized by branches that do not grow in width 4. Tip-splitting occurs when branches separated by a critical distanc ...
... modeling B. subtilis DBM Observations: 1. Amino acids necessary (I.B. Holland, personal communication) 2. DBM limited to a special region of the nutritional-mobility space 3. DBM characterized by branches that do not grow in width 4. Tip-splitting occurs when branches separated by a critical distanc ...
GSK-3 Promotes Cell Survival, Growth, and PAX3 Levels in Human
... expressed in melanocyte precursors and drives lineage specificity by regulating the expression of genes critical for melanogenesis (17, 18). Loss of PAX3 expression in the mouse embryo results in significant reduction in both proliferation and the number of melanoblasts (19). Because of its role in gr ...
... expressed in melanocyte precursors and drives lineage specificity by regulating the expression of genes critical for melanogenesis (17, 18). Loss of PAX3 expression in the mouse embryo results in significant reduction in both proliferation and the number of melanoblasts (19). Because of its role in gr ...
Genetic analysis of seed coat development in Arabidopsis
... endosperm, the seed coat is not directly involved in the fertilization process. Therefore, one or more events during or following fertilization must signal the seed coat to develop coordinately with the other tissues. Two recent studies have used mutants to provide evidence for the influence of the ...
... endosperm, the seed coat is not directly involved in the fertilization process. Therefore, one or more events during or following fertilization must signal the seed coat to develop coordinately with the other tissues. Two recent studies have used mutants to provide evidence for the influence of the ...
Metabolic Basis of Visual Cycle Inhibition by Retinoid and
... chromophore primarily applies to diseases characterized by deficits in retinoid biosynthesis (13–16). The third strategy is to attenuate flux of retinoids in the eye by inhibiting specific steps in the retinoid cycle (17–20). This approach is used for diseases associated with accumulation of toxic v ...
... chromophore primarily applies to diseases characterized by deficits in retinoid biosynthesis (13–16). The third strategy is to attenuate flux of retinoids in the eye by inhibiting specific steps in the retinoid cycle (17–20). This approach is used for diseases associated with accumulation of toxic v ...
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... to label RB cell bodies and processes at 1-2 dpf, labeling with this antibody at later times post-fertilization shows labeling only in peripheral processes but not in the cell bodies of the RB neuron (Reyes et al., 2004), thus making it an inadequate marker in this case. To visualize long-lived RB n ...
... to label RB cell bodies and processes at 1-2 dpf, labeling with this antibody at later times post-fertilization shows labeling only in peripheral processes but not in the cell bodies of the RB neuron (Reyes et al., 2004), thus making it an inadequate marker in this case. To visualize long-lived RB n ...
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... cohesion. Forty percent of root tip 4C nuclei in our gip1 gip2 double mutant showed more than 10 centromeric signals and an increased intercentromere distance (Batzenschlager et al., 2015). This result suggests that GIPs in plants may function as shugoshin equivalents. Interestingly, the plant speci ...
... cohesion. Forty percent of root tip 4C nuclei in our gip1 gip2 double mutant showed more than 10 centromeric signals and an increased intercentromere distance (Batzenschlager et al., 2015). This result suggests that GIPs in plants may function as shugoshin equivalents. Interestingly, the plant speci ...
Inorganic pyrophosphate is located primarily in the mitochondria of
... hormone concentration. However, we have confirmed that higher concentrations of hormone than used in the present study failed to give an additional increase in PP1, as would be expected from our previous studies on the hormone-concentration dependence of the lightscattering response (Quinlan et al., ...
... hormone concentration. However, we have confirmed that higher concentrations of hormone than used in the present study failed to give an additional increase in PP1, as would be expected from our previous studies on the hormone-concentration dependence of the lightscattering response (Quinlan et al., ...
Cellular damage induced by cadmium and
... treatments were long enough to attain substantial metabolic changes. In such experiments, the effects caused by relatively long exposure to metal might reflect a general failure of the plant metabolism. Little is known about the early stages. Even though toxic metals can clearly induce oxidative str ...
... treatments were long enough to attain substantial metabolic changes. In such experiments, the effects caused by relatively long exposure to metal might reflect a general failure of the plant metabolism. Little is known about the early stages. Even though toxic metals can clearly induce oxidative str ...
Arabidopsis root K - Journal of Cell Science
... major osmoticum and regulator of enzymes, so decreasing the K+ activity will result in significant changes in metabolic reactions and physiological processes (Marschner, 1995). Moreover, retaining high cytosolic K+ concentration is crucial for plant salinity tolerance, although the mechanisms by whi ...
... major osmoticum and regulator of enzymes, so decreasing the K+ activity will result in significant changes in metabolic reactions and physiological processes (Marschner, 1995). Moreover, retaining high cytosolic K+ concentration is crucial for plant salinity tolerance, although the mechanisms by whi ...
Cell size trade-offs govern light exploitation strategies in
... where M is the metabolic rate, a is the size-normalized metabolic rate, which varies among taxonomic groups (Irwin et al., 2006; Raven et al., 2006), E is the activation energy for metabolism, k is the Boltzmann’s constant (8.62 eV K-1), T is temperature and b is the size scaling exponent, measured ...
... where M is the metabolic rate, a is the size-normalized metabolic rate, which varies among taxonomic groups (Irwin et al., 2006; Raven et al., 2006), E is the activation energy for metabolism, k is the Boltzmann’s constant (8.62 eV K-1), T is temperature and b is the size scaling exponent, measured ...
Cilia Review Article - Eastern Virginia Medical School
... flagella have been studied for many years in single-celled organisms, such as protozoa, and important insights into the physiology and biochemistry of these organelles have resulted. However, despite the established anatomical presence of primary cilia in eukaryotic cells, until recently, little has ...
... flagella have been studied for many years in single-celled organisms, such as protozoa, and important insights into the physiology and biochemistry of these organelles have resulted. However, despite the established anatomical presence of primary cilia in eukaryotic cells, until recently, little has ...
Decreased argyrophilic nucleolar organiser region
... and protein content changes, seem to be associated with various cellular stressors.14–16 Hypoxia, oxidants and free radicals are also known to be pathogenic stressful factors in sudden fetal and infant death (sudden intrauterine unexplained death syndrome (SIUDS) and sudden infant death syndrome (SI ...
... and protein content changes, seem to be associated with various cellular stressors.14–16 Hypoxia, oxidants and free radicals are also known to be pathogenic stressful factors in sudden fetal and infant death (sudden intrauterine unexplained death syndrome (SIUDS) and sudden infant death syndrome (SI ...