Mice lacking the homeodomain transcription factor
... Nkx2.2 activity since we are unable to detect any Nkx2.2 protein in the CNS and pancreas of homozygous mutant mice by immunohistochemistry. Consistent with a null mutation in Nkx2.2, there is complete penetrance of all phenotypes observed in the homozygous mutant mice. Mice heterozygous for the Nkx2 ...
... Nkx2.2 activity since we are unable to detect any Nkx2.2 protein in the CNS and pancreas of homozygous mutant mice by immunohistochemistry. Consistent with a null mutation in Nkx2.2, there is complete penetrance of all phenotypes observed in the homozygous mutant mice. Mice heterozygous for the Nkx2 ...
Text - Enlighten - University of Glasgow
... – and will be affected by – the voltage across that membrane, if only as a consequence of mass action and the movement of the charged ions it carries. In effect, voltage is both substrate and product of charge transport, and is shared between all of the transporters at the membrane. The problem is c ...
... – and will be affected by – the voltage across that membrane, if only as a consequence of mass action and the movement of the charged ions it carries. In effect, voltage is both substrate and product of charge transport, and is shared between all of the transporters at the membrane. The problem is c ...
Encontro de Jovens Investigadores de Biologia Computacional
... chemotherapy failures worldwide. Although P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is one of the main contributors for MDR, the biophysical aspects of drug efflux by P-gp still remain largely unknown. Following our characterization of three drug-binding sites within P-gp\'s internal drug-binding pocket (DBP), a series ...
... chemotherapy failures worldwide. Although P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is one of the main contributors for MDR, the biophysical aspects of drug efflux by P-gp still remain largely unknown. Following our characterization of three drug-binding sites within P-gp\'s internal drug-binding pocket (DBP), a series ...
Secured cutting: controlling separase at the metaphase to anaphase
... chromosomes to the mitotic spindle (Figure 2A; reviewed in Clarke and Gimenez-Abian, 2000). Unattached kinetochores send a signal via Mad2 that keeps the APC/C inactive, potentially through the binding of Mad2 to the APC/C activator Cdc20/Fizzy. Indeed, the budding yeast securin, Pds1, had initially ...
... chromosomes to the mitotic spindle (Figure 2A; reviewed in Clarke and Gimenez-Abian, 2000). Unattached kinetochores send a signal via Mad2 that keeps the APC/C inactive, potentially through the binding of Mad2 to the APC/C activator Cdc20/Fizzy. Indeed, the budding yeast securin, Pds1, had initially ...
Synergistic interaction of three ERECTA-family
... Torii et al., 2003; Torii et al., 1996). The shortened erecta pedicels (floral stems) are associated with an increase in 4C cells, suggesting a possible aberration in cell cycle progression (Shpak et al., 2003). ERECTA encodes a leucine-rich receptorlike serine/threonine kinase (LRR-RLK) (Torii et a ...
... Torii et al., 2003; Torii et al., 1996). The shortened erecta pedicels (floral stems) are associated with an increase in 4C cells, suggesting a possible aberration in cell cycle progression (Shpak et al., 2003). ERECTA encodes a leucine-rich receptorlike serine/threonine kinase (LRR-RLK) (Torii et a ...
PDF - The Journal of Cell Biology
... aptic transmission, they couple the regulation of cell number to neural circuitry and function, enabling structural brain plasticity (Lu et al., 2005; Minichiello, 2009; Park and Poo, 2013). There is abundant evidence that cell number plasticity occurs in Drosophila melanogaster central nervous syst ...
... aptic transmission, they couple the regulation of cell number to neural circuitry and function, enabling structural brain plasticity (Lu et al., 2005; Minichiello, 2009; Park and Poo, 2013). There is abundant evidence that cell number plasticity occurs in Drosophila melanogaster central nervous syst ...
Control of Root Cap Formation by MicroRNA
... Because the Pro35S:MIR160a, -b, and -c plants displayed the same phenotype, we chose the Pro35S:MIR160c line for further analysis. Compared with the wild type, the root length of the Pro35S:MIR160c seedlings was reduced and the lateral root number was increased (Table 1). A more drastic phenotypic c ...
... Because the Pro35S:MIR160a, -b, and -c plants displayed the same phenotype, we chose the Pro35S:MIR160c line for further analysis. Compared with the wild type, the root length of the Pro35S:MIR160c seedlings was reduced and the lateral root number was increased (Table 1). A more drastic phenotypic c ...
Developmental genetics of the Caenorhabditis elegans pharynx
... During the first 100 min of development, most future pharyngeal cells are born and gather into a double-plate primordium surrounded by a basal lamina. All pharyngeal cells express the transcription factor PHA-4, of which the concentration increases throughout development, triggering a sequential acti ...
... During the first 100 min of development, most future pharyngeal cells are born and gather into a double-plate primordium surrounded by a basal lamina. All pharyngeal cells express the transcription factor PHA-4, of which the concentration increases throughout development, triggering a sequential acti ...
The UDPase activity of the Kluyveromyces lactis Golgi GDPase has
... Kyte-Doolittle algorithm revealed a single hydrophobic domain close to the amino terminus (not shown), consistent with a type II membrane protein like the S. cerevisiae counterpart. Alignment of the KlGda1p with other proteins in the DataBank shows its homology to apyrases. All these proteins share ...
... Kyte-Doolittle algorithm revealed a single hydrophobic domain close to the amino terminus (not shown), consistent with a type II membrane protein like the S. cerevisiae counterpart. Alignment of the KlGda1p with other proteins in the DataBank shows its homology to apyrases. All these proteins share ...
and Function Activation Sulfenic Acid Formation for T Cell The
... Activation of naive T cells begins when the TCR encounters cognate Ag presented by MHC proteins on the surface of APCs. This recognition event orchestrates a signaling cascade marked by protein tyrosine phosphorylation and a rise in intracellular calcium (4 – 6). These signals initiate a new program ...
... Activation of naive T cells begins when the TCR encounters cognate Ag presented by MHC proteins on the surface of APCs. This recognition event orchestrates a signaling cascade marked by protein tyrosine phosphorylation and a rise in intracellular calcium (4 – 6). These signals initiate a new program ...
L 9 Myosin
... myosin that 'cocks' the head into a position further along the filament. ATP is then hydrolysed, but the inorganic phosphate and ADP remain bound to myosin. Step 4: The myosin head makes weak contact with the actin filament and a slight conformational change occurs on myosin that promotes the releas ...
... myosin that 'cocks' the head into a position further along the filament. ATP is then hydrolysed, but the inorganic phosphate and ADP remain bound to myosin. Step 4: The myosin head makes weak contact with the actin filament and a slight conformational change occurs on myosin that promotes the releas ...
Small Signaling Peptides in Arabidopsis Development
... The ethyl methanesulfonate–induced clv3 mutant has an enlarged shoot apical meristem (SAM) and superfluous floral meristems, suggesting a role in regulating meristematic growth (Clark et al., 1996). Still, one major issue with peptides is the limited number of (characterized) loss-of-function mutants, ...
... The ethyl methanesulfonate–induced clv3 mutant has an enlarged shoot apical meristem (SAM) and superfluous floral meristems, suggesting a role in regulating meristematic growth (Clark et al., 1996). Still, one major issue with peptides is the limited number of (characterized) loss-of-function mutants, ...
r-Gir - Microbiology
... reviewed in Gow, 1994a). However, the regulation of cell polarity is akin to taking apart a Russian doll - there are layers within layers of organizational controls. Thus, although we can infer that the polarized distribution of actin is likely to be significant in the polarized growth process it is ...
... reviewed in Gow, 1994a). However, the regulation of cell polarity is akin to taking apart a Russian doll - there are layers within layers of organizational controls. Thus, although we can infer that the polarized distribution of actin is likely to be significant in the polarized growth process it is ...
Patterns of pathogenesis: discrimination of pathogenic and nonpathogenic microbes by the innate immune system.
... A subunits (lethal factor and edema factor) from an acidified endosome into the host cell cytosol (Young and Collier, 2007). This is not the only means by which pathogens access the host cell cytosol. In fact, other mechanisms, such as dedicated systems for secretion of bacterial proteins into the h ...
... A subunits (lethal factor and edema factor) from an acidified endosome into the host cell cytosol (Young and Collier, 2007). This is not the only means by which pathogens access the host cell cytosol. In fact, other mechanisms, such as dedicated systems for secretion of bacterial proteins into the h ...
Chapter 5 pages/jg - Sinauer Associates
... animals, and fungi. Invertebrate biology texts have traditionally treated the “protozoa,” and for many biology students this coverage will be their only detailed exposure to this important group of organisms. In this chapter we include those groups traditionally lumped under the name “protozoa” (i.e ...
... animals, and fungi. Invertebrate biology texts have traditionally treated the “protozoa,” and for many biology students this coverage will be their only detailed exposure to this important group of organisms. In this chapter we include those groups traditionally lumped under the name “protozoa” (i.e ...
BIO 100 coursepack FA2015
... Please note the particulars for this course: Tardies (up to 15 minutes late) count as ½ of an absence. If you arrive late on days in which quizzes or tests are administered, you will not receive additional time to complete the assessment. If you arrive after the quiz has been collected, you will not ...
... Please note the particulars for this course: Tardies (up to 15 minutes late) count as ½ of an absence. If you arrive late on days in which quizzes or tests are administered, you will not receive additional time to complete the assessment. If you arrive after the quiz has been collected, you will not ...
Salt-Induced Remodeling of Spatially Restricted
... Although the operation and physiological relevance of endocytosis have been demonstrated unequivocally in plants, the molecular components participating in the process are less well characterized than in animal systems. Simple, well-defined tissue organization makes the Arabidopsis thaliana root an i ...
... Although the operation and physiological relevance of endocytosis have been demonstrated unequivocally in plants, the molecular components participating in the process are less well characterized than in animal systems. Simple, well-defined tissue organization makes the Arabidopsis thaliana root an i ...
Subthreshold High-Frequency Electrical Field
... due to SES is biologically active and promotes HCAEC proliferation in vitro. The most dominant effect of SES on VEGF expression was present at 25 Hz with an almost twofold increase in extracellular VEGF protein levels. A frequency dependency of VEGF expression during in vitro SES was previously desc ...
... due to SES is biologically active and promotes HCAEC proliferation in vitro. The most dominant effect of SES on VEGF expression was present at 25 Hz with an almost twofold increase in extracellular VEGF protein levels. A frequency dependency of VEGF expression during in vitro SES was previously desc ...
Primary cilia of human endothelial cells disassemble under laminar
... 43% positive, E 1e16) to a Caenorhabditis elegans predicted protein C18H9.8, henceforth referred to as Ce-IFT71. It is also similar (24% identical and 49% positive, E 2e36) to a human protein referred to as CMG-1 (Bell et al., 2001). Finally, CMG-1 is nearly identical (87.8% identical and 94.0 ...
... 43% positive, E 1e16) to a Caenorhabditis elegans predicted protein C18H9.8, henceforth referred to as Ce-IFT71. It is also similar (24% identical and 49% positive, E 2e36) to a human protein referred to as CMG-1 (Bell et al., 2001). Finally, CMG-1 is nearly identical (87.8% identical and 94.0 ...
Organelle communication - Repositorio Académico
... Communication between organelles is a widespread phenomenon, involving ER, mitochondria, nucleus, PM, Golgi apparatus and other organelles. Although these organelle pairs form close contacts with reciprocal distances that range from 20 to 40 nm (Achleitner et al., 1999), they typically do not fuse t ...
... Communication between organelles is a widespread phenomenon, involving ER, mitochondria, nucleus, PM, Golgi apparatus and other organelles. Although these organelle pairs form close contacts with reciprocal distances that range from 20 to 40 nm (Achleitner et al., 1999), they typically do not fuse t ...
Slide 1
... FIGURE 2.3 Prominent morphological features of the mammalian ovum at various stages of oogenesis in various species. This figure is reproduced in color in the color plate section. (A) depicts a resting primordial oocyte within the bovine ovary in which the germinal vesicle chromatin assumes a disti ...
... FIGURE 2.3 Prominent morphological features of the mammalian ovum at various stages of oogenesis in various species. This figure is reproduced in color in the color plate section. (A) depicts a resting primordial oocyte within the bovine ovary in which the germinal vesicle chromatin assumes a disti ...
Direct Comparison between T Cell Control of Hepatitis B Virus +CD8
... hepatocytes. However, studies in HBV transgenic mice and HBV-infected chimpanzees revealed that T cell control of HBV replication also involves cytokine-mediated noncytolytic mechanisms. The relative role of cytolytic and noncytolytic functions of virus-specific CD8+ T cells during interaction with ...
... hepatocytes. However, studies in HBV transgenic mice and HBV-infected chimpanzees revealed that T cell control of HBV replication also involves cytokine-mediated noncytolytic mechanisms. The relative role of cytolytic and noncytolytic functions of virus-specific CD8+ T cells during interaction with ...
Membrane trafficking and polar growth in root hairs and pollen tubes
... the vast bulk of exocytotic events occurs in the apical dome, because lateral displacements of membrane material are likely over the surface of the tip and behind, it is less obvious where endocytosis might occur or even whether such events are localized. In fast-growing tobacco pollen tubes, clathr ...
... the vast bulk of exocytotic events occurs in the apical dome, because lateral displacements of membrane material are likely over the surface of the tip and behind, it is less obvious where endocytosis might occur or even whether such events are localized. In fast-growing tobacco pollen tubes, clathr ...
Regulation of tubulin heterodimer partitioning during interphase and
... first required for segregation of duplicated chromosomes, and has subsequently evolved to facilitate complex cell shapes and evolution of multi-cellular organisms. The cytoskeleton encompasses microtubules, intermediate filaments and actin filaments (also known as microfilaments), which are polymers ...
... first required for segregation of duplicated chromosomes, and has subsequently evolved to facilitate complex cell shapes and evolution of multi-cellular organisms. The cytoskeleton encompasses microtubules, intermediate filaments and actin filaments (also known as microfilaments), which are polymers ...