Changes in Plant Mitochondrial Electron Transport Alter Cellular
... Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) lacking mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) have been compared with wild-type (Wt) tobacco using two different systems, either suspension cell cultures or leaves. In both systems, a lack of AOX was accompanied by an increase in some antioxidant defenses, co ...
... Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) lacking mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) have been compared with wild-type (Wt) tobacco using two different systems, either suspension cell cultures or leaves. In both systems, a lack of AOX was accompanied by an increase in some antioxidant defenses, co ...
A High-Resolution Transcript Profile across the
... Although all three cell types are able to undergo cell divisions, the mother cells will eventually loose their ability to divide and undergo terminal differentiation, whereas the initials retain their undifferentiated state. It is, however, almost impossible to distinguish the initials from mother c ...
... Although all three cell types are able to undergo cell divisions, the mother cells will eventually loose their ability to divide and undergo terminal differentiation, whereas the initials retain their undifferentiated state. It is, however, almost impossible to distinguish the initials from mother c ...
Zasp is required for the assembly of functional integrin adhesion sites
... staining typical of integrin adhesion sites, with bright foci along the cell edge and streaks in areas of potentially increased local forces (Fig. 1 A). In contrast, S2 cells spread on concanavalin A do not exhibit these integrin adhesion sites (Fig. 1 B). Instead of distinct foci and streaks, βPS i ...
... staining typical of integrin adhesion sites, with bright foci along the cell edge and streaks in areas of potentially increased local forces (Fig. 1 A). In contrast, S2 cells spread on concanavalin A do not exhibit these integrin adhesion sites (Fig. 1 B). Instead of distinct foci and streaks, βPS i ...
Audible Sound in Form of Music Can Influence Microbial Growth
... can be viewed as a disturbance transported through a medium via particle interaction and hence it can be characterized as a mechanical wave. Based on its frequency, sound can be broadly categorized into three categories: infrasound (up to 20 Hz), audible sound (20-20,000 Hz) and ultrasound (>20,000 ...
... can be viewed as a disturbance transported through a medium via particle interaction and hence it can be characterized as a mechanical wave. Based on its frequency, sound can be broadly categorized into three categories: infrasound (up to 20 Hz), audible sound (20-20,000 Hz) and ultrasound (>20,000 ...
"Unusual" modifications and variations of
... The structural elucidation of these novel chains is under way. Conclusions and future prospects Modern-day scientists are often accused of not being able to 'see the forest for the trees', that is, we spend so much time focused on the details of our particular systems that we fail to see the bigger ...
... The structural elucidation of these novel chains is under way. Conclusions and future prospects Modern-day scientists are often accused of not being able to 'see the forest for the trees', that is, we spend so much time focused on the details of our particular systems that we fail to see the bigger ...
Transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis root hairs and
... of conservation of structure and function in plants. As opposed to most plant cells, which grow diffusively over large volumes, these are defined by growing over a relatively small volume at the tip, by exocytosis of specific cell wall precursors [13,14]. This form of growth is common among fungi an ...
... of conservation of structure and function in plants. As opposed to most plant cells, which grow diffusively over large volumes, these are defined by growing over a relatively small volume at the tip, by exocytosis of specific cell wall precursors [13,14]. This form of growth is common among fungi an ...
The Expanding Role of the mammalian Target of Rapamycin
... stress response, are both required during cell proliferation and survival under stress. To maintain homeostasis, GSK-3β has been shown to negatively regulate mTORC2 by phosphorylating rictor at S1235 [73]. This S1235 inhibitory phosphorylation impairs the ability of mTORC2 to phosphorylate and activ ...
... stress response, are both required during cell proliferation and survival under stress. To maintain homeostasis, GSK-3β has been shown to negatively regulate mTORC2 by phosphorylating rictor at S1235 [73]. This S1235 inhibitory phosphorylation impairs the ability of mTORC2 to phosphorylate and activ ...
Functions of the Arabidopsis kinesin superfamily of microtubule
... Arabidopsis intron-containing genes are alternatively spliced (Filichkin et al. 2010). Based on the TAIR10 Arabidopsis genome annotation, 13 Arabidopsis kinesins are alternatively spliced (Table 1). However, whether the different splice forms carry out different functions has not been studied. Kines ...
... Arabidopsis intron-containing genes are alternatively spliced (Filichkin et al. 2010). Based on the TAIR10 Arabidopsis genome annotation, 13 Arabidopsis kinesins are alternatively spliced (Table 1). However, whether the different splice forms carry out different functions has not been studied. Kines ...
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... end into the FP lumen to form a new flagellum [34,63]. The growing flagellum then physically attaches its distal end to the mature flagellum membrane forming a structure called the flagella connector (FC) that can be visualized by electron microscopy [37,64]. Interestingly, the FC has only been iden ...
... end into the FP lumen to form a new flagellum [34,63]. The growing flagellum then physically attaches its distal end to the mature flagellum membrane forming a structure called the flagella connector (FC) that can be visualized by electron microscopy [37,64]. Interestingly, the FC has only been iden ...
Understanding Activity in Electrically Coupled Networks Using PRCs
... phase-locked states to the iPRC, Z, and the membrane potential, VLC . Z, and VLC are strictly properties of the individual neurons, and they are relatively easy to obtain for model cells and for real cells. Thus, the theory of weak coupling provides a two step method to obtain insight into both the ...
... phase-locked states to the iPRC, Z, and the membrane potential, VLC . Z, and VLC are strictly properties of the individual neurons, and they are relatively easy to obtain for model cells and for real cells. Thus, the theory of weak coupling provides a two step method to obtain insight into both the ...
Comparative Biochemistry of the Oxidative Burst Produced by Rose
... of the relationship is unclear. Free radical oxidation of plasma membrane lipids, induced by ROS, may kill cells directly. Alternatively, superoxide (Jabs et al., 1996) or H2O2 (Levine et al., 1994) may serve as signals leading indirectly to mortality. However, in at least one case it has been shown ...
... of the relationship is unclear. Free radical oxidation of plasma membrane lipids, induced by ROS, may kill cells directly. Alternatively, superoxide (Jabs et al., 1996) or H2O2 (Levine et al., 1994) may serve as signals leading indirectly to mortality. However, in at least one case it has been shown ...
Tetherin Inhibits HIV-1 Release by Directly Tethering Virions to Cells
... the virions can be released from cell surfaces by protease treatment, indicating that tetherin either forms or induces proteinbased tethers that cause virion entrapment (Neil et al., 2006, 2008). This mechanism of virion retention is distinct from that found in ‘‘late-domain’’ mutants, where viral p ...
... the virions can be released from cell surfaces by protease treatment, indicating that tetherin either forms or induces proteinbased tethers that cause virion entrapment (Neil et al., 2006, 2008). This mechanism of virion retention is distinct from that found in ‘‘late-domain’’ mutants, where viral p ...
Sorting between the ER and Golgi
... which is not a naturally occurring mammalian protein. When one considers soluble cargo molecules like enzymes or growth factors, it immediately becomes apparent that they cannot directly engage COPII coat complexes on the ER membrane in the same way that transmembrane proteins can, that is by virtue ...
... which is not a naturally occurring mammalian protein. When one considers soluble cargo molecules like enzymes or growth factors, it immediately becomes apparent that they cannot directly engage COPII coat complexes on the ER membrane in the same way that transmembrane proteins can, that is by virtue ...
Overexpression of Ferredoxin, PETF, Enhances Tolerance to Heat
... were compared with those of the Cblp transcripts, and were normalized according to the value of CC125 under normal growth conditions; (D) Ratios of reduced ascorbate in Chlamydomonas cellular extract under normal growth conditions. The contents of ascorbate in the late-log phase cell cultures were m ...
... were compared with those of the Cblp transcripts, and were normalized according to the value of CC125 under normal growth conditions; (D) Ratios of reduced ascorbate in Chlamydomonas cellular extract under normal growth conditions. The contents of ascorbate in the late-log phase cell cultures were m ...
Staining and Bacterial Cell Morphology
... ion (a chromophore) and a counter ion to balance the charge. Attachment of the chromophore part of the dye complex to a cellular component represents the staining reaction. There are two types of dyes: cationic (basic) and anionic (acidic). Cationic dyes have a positively charged chromophore and hig ...
... ion (a chromophore) and a counter ion to balance the charge. Attachment of the chromophore part of the dye complex to a cellular component represents the staining reaction. There are two types of dyes: cationic (basic) and anionic (acidic). Cationic dyes have a positively charged chromophore and hig ...
processing of defensive pigment in aplysia californica: acquisition
... delineated the mechanisms of acquisition or modification of the plant compound by this herbivore. In particular, we do not know (1) where or how A. californica acquires pigment from the red algal cells; (2) where the snail separates the chromophore from the protein component of phycoerythrin; (3) ho ...
... delineated the mechanisms of acquisition or modification of the plant compound by this herbivore. In particular, we do not know (1) where or how A. californica acquires pigment from the red algal cells; (2) where the snail separates the chromophore from the protein component of phycoerythrin; (3) ho ...
Arabidopsis thaliana mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 is involved
... Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) cascades are signal transduction modules highly conserved in all eukaryotes regulating various aspects of plant biology, including stress responses and developmental programmes. In this study, we characterized the role of MAPK 6 (MPK6) in Arabidopsis embryo d ...
... Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) cascades are signal transduction modules highly conserved in all eukaryotes regulating various aspects of plant biology, including stress responses and developmental programmes. In this study, we characterized the role of MAPK 6 (MPK6) in Arabidopsis embryo d ...
Apical constriction: A cell shape change that can
... In certain species of sea urchin, a ring of cells along the edges of the vegetal plate has been recognized to undergo more pronounced apical constriction, as judged by scanning electron micrographs (Nakajima and Burke, 1996, Kimberly and Hardin, 1998, Fig. 2). Cells in this ring have been referred t ...
... In certain species of sea urchin, a ring of cells along the edges of the vegetal plate has been recognized to undergo more pronounced apical constriction, as judged by scanning electron micrographs (Nakajima and Burke, 1996, Kimberly and Hardin, 1998, Fig. 2). Cells in this ring have been referred t ...
Middle East Jeopardy - Central Kitsap Junior High
... Traps energy from the sun to make glucose. Chloroplast ...
... Traps energy from the sun to make glucose. Chloroplast ...
NETosis: how vital is it?
... requirement of oxidants for NET formation may be disease specific and not universal to all forms of NETosis. A key requirement of NET generation is the mobilization of nuclear material from the nucleus to the environment. Many eukaryotic cells routinely dismantle their nuclear envelope, independent o ...
... requirement of oxidants for NET formation may be disease specific and not universal to all forms of NETosis. A key requirement of NET generation is the mobilization of nuclear material from the nucleus to the environment. Many eukaryotic cells routinely dismantle their nuclear envelope, independent o ...
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... When yeasts are abundant, alone or in stable mixed populations with mycelial fungi or with bacteria; they have a significant impact on food quality parameters Aidoo et al. (2006). One of the most common characteristics of wild or indigenous yeasts is their low resistance to alcohol. Gilliland (1967) ...
... When yeasts are abundant, alone or in stable mixed populations with mycelial fungi or with bacteria; they have a significant impact on food quality parameters Aidoo et al. (2006). One of the most common characteristics of wild or indigenous yeasts is their low resistance to alcohol. Gilliland (1967) ...
Stem Cell - Active Motif
... The two hallmark features of stem cells are pluripotency, the ability to differentiate into any mature cell type, and self-renewal, the capacity to undergo indefinite replicative cycles without losing stem cell identity. The general types of stem cells include embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult stem ...
... The two hallmark features of stem cells are pluripotency, the ability to differentiate into any mature cell type, and self-renewal, the capacity to undergo indefinite replicative cycles without losing stem cell identity. The general types of stem cells include embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult stem ...