Pausing of Golgi Bodies on Microtubules Regulates
... enzymes to the plasma membrane. The regulation of cellulose synthesis activity through cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular trafficking has remained largely unexplored. Here, we studied the intracellular trafficking of CESA3, an essential enzyme for primary cell wall cellulose synthesis. We demonstr ...
... enzymes to the plasma membrane. The regulation of cellulose synthesis activity through cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular trafficking has remained largely unexplored. Here, we studied the intracellular trafficking of CESA3, an essential enzyme for primary cell wall cellulose synthesis. We demonstr ...
Hydrogen peroxide-induced changes in intracellular pH of
... treatment (Fig 4), and this implies that H2O2 possibly activates plasma membrane H+-ATPase, which will cause a more acidification of cell wall. In plant cells, plasma membrane H+-ATPase is primarily responsible for generating membrane potential [28,29]. Therefore, changes in membrane potential may c ...
... treatment (Fig 4), and this implies that H2O2 possibly activates plasma membrane H+-ATPase, which will cause a more acidification of cell wall. In plant cells, plasma membrane H+-ATPase is primarily responsible for generating membrane potential [28,29]. Therefore, changes in membrane potential may c ...
Reconciling an archaeal origin of eukaryotes with engulfment: a
... framework eliminates such incompatibilities, and that an archaeal origin for eukaryotes (as suggested from recent phylogenies) can be uncontroversially reconciled with phagocytosis as the mechanism for engulfment of the mitochondrial ancestor. This is significant because it eliminates a perceived pr ...
... framework eliminates such incompatibilities, and that an archaeal origin for eukaryotes (as suggested from recent phylogenies) can be uncontroversially reconciled with phagocytosis as the mechanism for engulfment of the mitochondrial ancestor. This is significant because it eliminates a perceived pr ...
Experimental taphonomy of giant sulphur bacteria: implications for
... ornate envelope observed in the fossils [10], though Bailey et al. [11] compared the ornamentation of the fossil envelope walls with the surface features seen in Achromatium (a close relative of Thiomargarita) that reflect the shape of calcite and sulphur inclusions in the cell [12]. Nor is there in ...
... ornate envelope observed in the fossils [10], though Bailey et al. [11] compared the ornamentation of the fossil envelope walls with the surface features seen in Achromatium (a close relative of Thiomargarita) that reflect the shape of calcite and sulphur inclusions in the cell [12]. Nor is there in ...
How migration occurs
... myosin light chain phosphatase and inactivates it,leading to increased levels of myosin phosphorylation, which then can crosslink actin filaments. • mDia is linked to actin filament assembly. (mechanism is unknown) ...
... myosin light chain phosphatase and inactivates it,leading to increased levels of myosin phosphorylation, which then can crosslink actin filaments. • mDia is linked to actin filament assembly. (mechanism is unknown) ...
The innate immune function of airway epithelial cells in inflammatory
... AECs line the airways and serve as a means of transportation of gases to and from the alveoli. They are the most abundant cell type in the lung and the first to encounter inhaled substances; therefore, they are important in the regulation of host defence. Inhaled air contains numerous substances, in ...
... AECs line the airways and serve as a means of transportation of gases to and from the alveoli. They are the most abundant cell type in the lung and the first to encounter inhaled substances; therefore, they are important in the regulation of host defence. Inhaled air contains numerous substances, in ...
Leukaemia Section Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... The 2 first categories are defined according to the involvement (or not) of ALK in fusion proteins with various partners (see below); ALK+ ALCL cases are sometimes called ALK lymphomas, or ALKomas. ALK+ ALCL can be further divided into t(2;5) cases, with NPM1-ALK fusion protein which localises both ...
... The 2 first categories are defined according to the involvement (or not) of ALK in fusion proteins with various partners (see below); ALK+ ALCL cases are sometimes called ALK lymphomas, or ALKomas. ALK+ ALCL can be further divided into t(2;5) cases, with NPM1-ALK fusion protein which localises both ...
The Arabidopsis TRM1-TON1 interaction reveals a recruitment
... 2006; Nakamura and Hashimoto, 2009; Kong et al., 2010), only a handful of plant proteins with similarity with animal centrosomal proteins have been identified and characterized (Pastuglia and Bouchez, 2007). In Arabidopsis thaliana, this includes NEDD1 (Zeng et al., 2009), Cyclin-Dependent Kinase A; ...
... 2006; Nakamura and Hashimoto, 2009; Kong et al., 2010), only a handful of plant proteins with similarity with animal centrosomal proteins have been identified and characterized (Pastuglia and Bouchez, 2007). In Arabidopsis thaliana, this includes NEDD1 (Zeng et al., 2009), Cyclin-Dependent Kinase A; ...
The Arabidopsis TRM1-TON1 interaction reveals a recruitment
... 2006; Nakamura and Hashimoto, 2009; Kong et al., 2010), only a handful of plant proteins with similarity with animal centrosomal proteins have been identified and characterized (Pastuglia and Bouchez, 2007). In Arabidopsis thaliana, this includes NEDD1 (Zeng et al., 2009), Cyclin-Dependent Kinase A; ...
... 2006; Nakamura and Hashimoto, 2009; Kong et al., 2010), only a handful of plant proteins with similarity with animal centrosomal proteins have been identified and characterized (Pastuglia and Bouchez, 2007). In Arabidopsis thaliana, this includes NEDD1 (Zeng et al., 2009), Cyclin-Dependent Kinase A; ...
Splenic Epstein-Barr Virus–Associated Inflammatory Pseudotumor
... cases show focal or diffuse cell membrane staining for latent membrane protein (LMP) 1 in the tumor cells.4,8,9,16 Immunostaining for human herpes virus 8 is negative in splenic EBV-associated IPT.8 Double-labeling studies with ISH for EBER and an antibody against a marker for FDCs, SMA (Figure 2, A ...
... cases show focal or diffuse cell membrane staining for latent membrane protein (LMP) 1 in the tumor cells.4,8,9,16 Immunostaining for human herpes virus 8 is negative in splenic EBV-associated IPT.8 Double-labeling studies with ISH for EBER and an antibody against a marker for FDCs, SMA (Figure 2, A ...
Vps41 Phosphorylation and the Rab Ypt7 Control the Targeting of
... vacuoles indicating a loss-of-function (data not shown). Further analysis of this phosphorylation site by the in vitro phosphorylation assay revealed that the double mutant S367, 368A had reduced mobility shift and the mutations S371,372A impaired Vps41 phosphorylation (Figure 2F), indicating that t ...
... vacuoles indicating a loss-of-function (data not shown). Further analysis of this phosphorylation site by the in vitro phosphorylation assay revealed that the double mutant S367, 368A had reduced mobility shift and the mutations S371,372A impaired Vps41 phosphorylation (Figure 2F), indicating that t ...
IL-5 Receptor-mediated Tyrosine Phosphorylation of SH2
... The shc gene codes for three protein products of "~46, 52, and 66 kD (21) containing a single COOH-terminal SH2 domain. The tyrosine-phosphorylated Shc binds to Grb2 which activates Sos protein, a Ras nucleotide-exchange protein (22). Ras has been shown to work downstream of tyrosine kinases in the ...
... The shc gene codes for three protein products of "~46, 52, and 66 kD (21) containing a single COOH-terminal SH2 domain. The tyrosine-phosphorylated Shc binds to Grb2 which activates Sos protein, a Ras nucleotide-exchange protein (22). Ras has been shown to work downstream of tyrosine kinases in the ...
Characteristics of Bacteria Worksheet
... energy the consumers in the ecosystem can use. 3. The third group is the chemosynthetic autotrophs. This group can make their own energy but instead of using sunlight to do it they use chemicals around them. These bacteria are important in changing the nitrogen in the atmosphere that we can’t use in ...
... energy the consumers in the ecosystem can use. 3. The third group is the chemosynthetic autotrophs. This group can make their own energy but instead of using sunlight to do it they use chemicals around them. These bacteria are important in changing the nitrogen in the atmosphere that we can’t use in ...
Nitrogen gas flushing can be bactericidal: the temperature
... bacteria in raw and pasteurized milk, respectively. In previous studies, nitrogen (N2 ) gas flushing treatments of raw and pasteurized milk at cold chain-temperatures inhibited bacterial spoilage and highlighted different susceptibilities to the N2 treatment with the exclusion of certain bacterial t ...
... bacteria in raw and pasteurized milk, respectively. In previous studies, nitrogen (N2 ) gas flushing treatments of raw and pasteurized milk at cold chain-temperatures inhibited bacterial spoilage and highlighted different susceptibilities to the N2 treatment with the exclusion of certain bacterial t ...
Peptide signalling during angiosperm seed
... occurs at or soon after ovule maturity, and is subsequently assured by the death of the antipodal cells (Song et al., 2014). The situation in maize is more complex, since the nucellus is highly proliferated and persists during early post-fertilization development, and the antipodal cells can also pr ...
... occurs at or soon after ovule maturity, and is subsequently assured by the death of the antipodal cells (Song et al., 2014). The situation in maize is more complex, since the nucellus is highly proliferated and persists during early post-fertilization development, and the antipodal cells can also pr ...
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE THETA CELL OF THE MOUSE
... protein (RNP) particles, and the inner surface of the inner nuclear membrane closely faces a row of small dense particles in the nucleoplasm. Theta cells show dense aggregations of the endoplasmic reticulum at the cell periphery corresponding with the basophilic region observed by light microscopy ( ...
... protein (RNP) particles, and the inner surface of the inner nuclear membrane closely faces a row of small dense particles in the nucleoplasm. Theta cells show dense aggregations of the endoplasmic reticulum at the cell periphery corresponding with the basophilic region observed by light microscopy ( ...
chapter 9 telomeres and telomerase in adult stem cells and
... One of the best‑known cell‑intrinsic events associated with aging is the progressive shortening of telomeres, the natural ends of chromosomes. The speed at which telomeres shorten with aging seems to vary between men and women and can be influenced by factors considered to accelerate aging and to be ...
... One of the best‑known cell‑intrinsic events associated with aging is the progressive shortening of telomeres, the natural ends of chromosomes. The speed at which telomeres shorten with aging seems to vary between men and women and can be influenced by factors considered to accelerate aging and to be ...
Cryoelectron Tomography: Implications for Actin Cytoskeleton
... verity of postfixation, dehydration, and embedding required for thin-section electron microscopy.1 Single filaments or more loosely interconnected filament networks, either purified or examined in situ, are very sensitive to these procedures. Meshworks of actin filaments found in lamellipodia are pa ...
... verity of postfixation, dehydration, and embedding required for thin-section electron microscopy.1 Single filaments or more loosely interconnected filament networks, either purified or examined in situ, are very sensitive to these procedures. Meshworks of actin filaments found in lamellipodia are pa ...
Mitochondria as signaling organelles R E V I E W Open Access
... equivalents (NADH and FADH2). Electrons from reducing equivalents feed into the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), which pumps protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient that is required both for production of ATP and for the efficient shuttlin ...
... equivalents (NADH and FADH2). Electrons from reducing equivalents feed into the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), which pumps protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient that is required both for production of ATP and for the efficient shuttlin ...
A Role for Mitochondria in the Establishment and
... (Fig. 1D). As in the QC, mitochondria in the PM encircle the nucleus (Fig. 1E). However, in contrast to QC mitochondria, PM mitochondria frequently assumed a dumbbell shape (in approximately two-thirds [eight] of the roots examined ultrastructurally), and this is interpreted as indicative of their c ...
... (Fig. 1D). As in the QC, mitochondria in the PM encircle the nucleus (Fig. 1E). However, in contrast to QC mitochondria, PM mitochondria frequently assumed a dumbbell shape (in approximately two-thirds [eight] of the roots examined ultrastructurally), and this is interpreted as indicative of their c ...
Embodied Computation Applying the Physics of Computation to Artificial Morphogenesis
... morphogenetic processes to accommodate artificial agents with more limited locomotive abilities than their natural counterparts. Electrostatic adhesion is another possibility [19], but it does not have the specificity of molecular adhesion, which may be crucial for morphogenesis. In addition to the ...
... morphogenetic processes to accommodate artificial agents with more limited locomotive abilities than their natural counterparts. Electrostatic adhesion is another possibility [19], but it does not have the specificity of molecular adhesion, which may be crucial for morphogenesis. In addition to the ...
Condensin II Promotes the Formation of Chromosome Territories by
... In Drosophila, multiple chromosome organization schemes have been well characterized. The Rabl configuration is observed in many diploid nuclei such as those of the early embryo and the larval central nervous system [19,20]. Polyploid-polytene chromosomes, such as those of the larval salivary gland, ...
... In Drosophila, multiple chromosome organization schemes have been well characterized. The Rabl configuration is observed in many diploid nuclei such as those of the early embryo and the larval central nervous system [19,20]. Polyploid-polytene chromosomes, such as those of the larval salivary gland, ...
OF PISUM SATIVUM L. (a) Source of Material
... During phase 3, the seed and cotyledons increased in volume (Plate 3) but much more slowly than in phase 2; the cotyledons differentiated into an inner tissue of rounded closely packed cells and an outer, narrower, tissue of more elongated cells. As phase 3 progressed both tissues showed increasingl ...
... During phase 3, the seed and cotyledons increased in volume (Plate 3) but much more slowly than in phase 2; the cotyledons differentiated into an inner tissue of rounded closely packed cells and an outer, narrower, tissue of more elongated cells. As phase 3 progressed both tissues showed increasingl ...
electrophysiological investigations of the heart of squill a mantis
... in the ganglionic nerve trunk (g.n.t.) in the heart wall and whose axons run to the heart muscle. Many attempts have been made by electrophysiologists to discover how these neurones are integrated to fire rhythmic bursts (for example Maynard, 1953, 1955; Hagiwara & Bullock, 1957; Bullock & Terzuolo, ...
... in the ganglionic nerve trunk (g.n.t.) in the heart wall and whose axons run to the heart muscle. Many attempts have been made by electrophysiologists to discover how these neurones are integrated to fire rhythmic bursts (for example Maynard, 1953, 1955; Hagiwara & Bullock, 1957; Bullock & Terzuolo, ...