5. Parvoviral Host Range and Cell Entry Mechanisms.
... and the Amdoviruses, Bocaviruses, Dependoviruses, and Erythroviruses. While all genera contain viruses that can replicate independently of helper viruses (commonly described as ‘‘autonomously replicating’’ viruses), the Dependovirus genus is so called because it includes a large number of agents tha ...
... and the Amdoviruses, Bocaviruses, Dependoviruses, and Erythroviruses. While all genera contain viruses that can replicate independently of helper viruses (commonly described as ‘‘autonomously replicating’’ viruses), the Dependovirus genus is so called because it includes a large number of agents tha ...
BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS AND OTHER INHIBITORS OF CELL
... Gram-negative Bacterial Membrane Structure • Gram-negative bacteria are surrounded by two membranes. • The outer membrane functions as an efficient permeability barrier containing lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and porins. ...
... Gram-negative Bacterial Membrane Structure • Gram-negative bacteria are surrounded by two membranes. • The outer membrane functions as an efficient permeability barrier containing lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and porins. ...
Coombes JL, Han SJ, van Rooijen N, Raulet DH, Robey EA. 2012. Infection-induced regulation of natural killer cells by macrophages and collagen at the lymph node subcapsular sinus. Cell rep 2(1):124-135.
... with an immobile structure in the lymph node. Indeed, we observed that a substantial fraction of the slow-moving NK cells closely associated with second harmonic signals indicative of collagen fibers (Figure 3A; Movie S2). Antibody staining of lymph node tissue sections confirmed that these structur ...
... with an immobile structure in the lymph node. Indeed, we observed that a substantial fraction of the slow-moving NK cells closely associated with second harmonic signals indicative of collagen fibers (Figure 3A; Movie S2). Antibody staining of lymph node tissue sections confirmed that these structur ...
Three-Dimensional Organization of Drosophila melanogaster
... mount (52) was modified to allow the use of a high-resolution lens. Supports constructed from coverslips and slides were affixed to the mount and made to be slightly thicker than the slide/coverslip sandwich used to hold the glands. The mount was preheated to 37°C, and the slide was quickly taped to ...
... mount (52) was modified to allow the use of a high-resolution lens. Supports constructed from coverslips and slides were affixed to the mount and made to be slightly thicker than the slide/coverslip sandwich used to hold the glands. The mount was preheated to 37°C, and the slide was quickly taped to ...
Endocytosis, Actin Cytoskeleton, and Signaling
... a brassinosteroid receptor complex together with BRI1 (Li et al., 2002). In the future, it will be interesting to study whether brassinosteroids can trigger receptor internalization and how this signal is transduced and coupled to cellular responses. Plants contain a large family of regulatory GTPas ...
... a brassinosteroid receptor complex together with BRI1 (Li et al., 2002). In the future, it will be interesting to study whether brassinosteroids can trigger receptor internalization and how this signal is transduced and coupled to cellular responses. Plants contain a large family of regulatory GTPas ...
![An FGF4-FRS2[alpha]-Cdx2 Axis in Trophoblast Stem Cells Induces](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/004612399_1-b568e9f7ef7ac5f7304ea5d975b0dd52-300x300.png)
An FGF4-FRS2[alpha]-Cdx2 Axis in Trophoblast Stem Cells Induces
... Shp2-binding sites in FRS2a have a primary role in the activation of ERK whereas the Grb2-binding sites have a primary role in the activation of PI-3 kinases and a secondary role in the activation of ERK [16]. Frs2a begins to be expressed in the early stages of development. Compared with its weak ex ...
... Shp2-binding sites in FRS2a have a primary role in the activation of ERK whereas the Grb2-binding sites have a primary role in the activation of PI-3 kinases and a secondary role in the activation of ERK [16]. Frs2a begins to be expressed in the early stages of development. Compared with its weak ex ...
Rab cascades and tethering factors in the endomembrane system
... is responsible for generating stable, Rab5 positive endosomal structures. Upon membrane recruitment, Rab5 gets activated by the Rabex-5 exchange factor. Rab5-GTP is then able to interact with its effector Rabaptin5, which forms a complex with Rabex-5. Interestingly, the effector stimulates the excha ...
... is responsible for generating stable, Rab5 positive endosomal structures. Upon membrane recruitment, Rab5 gets activated by the Rabex-5 exchange factor. Rab5-GTP is then able to interact with its effector Rabaptin5, which forms a complex with Rabex-5. Interestingly, the effector stimulates the excha ...
Calcium-Dependent Prevention of Neuronal Apoptosis by Lithium Ion
... Cortical neurons treated with Li⫹ revealed an immediate increase in [Ca2⫹]i. This increase was maximally observed within 2 min after exposure to Li⫹ (Fig. 2, a and b). Thereafter, Li⫹-induced increase in [Ca2⫹]i rapidly declined but remained up to 2.5-fold higher than basal level until analyzed over ...
... Cortical neurons treated with Li⫹ revealed an immediate increase in [Ca2⫹]i. This increase was maximally observed within 2 min after exposure to Li⫹ (Fig. 2, a and b). Thereafter, Li⫹-induced increase in [Ca2⫹]i rapidly declined but remained up to 2.5-fold higher than basal level until analyzed over ...
Pausing of Golgi Bodies on Microtubules Regulates
... in living cells and provided powerful evidence that cortical microtubules define the trajectories of CSCs (Paredez et al., 2006). Experimental evidence presented by Paredez et al. lends strong support to the microtubule-microfibril alignment hypothesis. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which microtubu ...
... in living cells and provided powerful evidence that cortical microtubules define the trajectories of CSCs (Paredez et al., 2006). Experimental evidence presented by Paredez et al. lends strong support to the microtubule-microfibril alignment hypothesis. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which microtubu ...
Bacterial chromosome segregation
... oriC replication origins, located in the opposite halves of the cell, and about 50% of the chromosome already replicated (Lau et al., 2003). In contrast to eukaryotic cells, chromosome segregation and cell division in fast growing bacteria occur while chromosomes undergo replication. Nevertheless, D ...
... oriC replication origins, located in the opposite halves of the cell, and about 50% of the chromosome already replicated (Lau et al., 2003). In contrast to eukaryotic cells, chromosome segregation and cell division in fast growing bacteria occur while chromosomes undergo replication. Nevertheless, D ...
20. A Cellular Adventure
... Lysosome: Well, it may not be the best job, but some organelle has got to do it. Just imagine if no one picked up your garbage? Just think of me as a trash collector, except I eat this stuff. Yum, yum. Ryan: So all you do is travel around the cell and digest worn-out organelles, debris, and ingest p ...
... Lysosome: Well, it may not be the best job, but some organelle has got to do it. Just imagine if no one picked up your garbage? Just think of me as a trash collector, except I eat this stuff. Yum, yum. Ryan: So all you do is travel around the cell and digest worn-out organelles, debris, and ingest p ...
The Pore Size of Non-Graminaceous Plant Cell
... The AIR prepared from B-deficient, 10B-treated, and 11Bgrown cells, containing ,0.1, 1.0, and 1.6 mm g21 B, respectively, had similar glycosyl residue compositions and contained similar amounts of RG-II (Table I). 10B accounts for approximately 80% of the B found in the 10B-treated cells. Somewhat u ...
... The AIR prepared from B-deficient, 10B-treated, and 11Bgrown cells, containing ,0.1, 1.0, and 1.6 mm g21 B, respectively, had similar glycosyl residue compositions and contained similar amounts of RG-II (Table I). 10B accounts for approximately 80% of the B found in the 10B-treated cells. Somewhat u ...
Microbiology
... stimulated 1-5 times by immunization with live cells of 14. brasilense Sp7 (Galfre & Milstein, 1981). mAbs with high specificity for A. brasilense Sp7 were purified by hydroxylapatite column chromatography (Stanker e t al., 1983). The present experiments are carried out with one mAb from each class ...
... stimulated 1-5 times by immunization with live cells of 14. brasilense Sp7 (Galfre & Milstein, 1981). mAbs with high specificity for A. brasilense Sp7 were purified by hydroxylapatite column chromatography (Stanker e t al., 1983). The present experiments are carried out with one mAb from each class ...
pdf - Penn State University
... other hemicelluloses are found tightly bound to cellulose, and they may also help anchor the microfibril to the matrix (reviewed in Cosgrove, 1997). Binding studies (Hayashi, 1989) suggest that xyloglucan does not simply bind to the microfibril surface, but much of it may also be entrapped within th ...
... other hemicelluloses are found tightly bound to cellulose, and they may also help anchor the microfibril to the matrix (reviewed in Cosgrove, 1997). Binding studies (Hayashi, 1989) suggest that xyloglucan does not simply bind to the microfibril surface, but much of it may also be entrapped within th ...
Translocation and Clustering of Endosomes and
... the delivery of internalized surface components to the lysosomes (7, 21, 27, 38). So far very little is known about the mechanisms for sorting membrane components and internalized material during endocytosis. Increasing organdie acidity concomitant with the delivery of endocytosed material from coat ...
... the delivery of internalized surface components to the lysosomes (7, 21, 27, 38). So far very little is known about the mechanisms for sorting membrane components and internalized material during endocytosis. Increasing organdie acidity concomitant with the delivery of endocytosed material from coat ...
The Neuron & Action Potential
... When a neuron is resting there is a balance of excitatory and inhibitory signals. When one of these exceeds the other stimulus threshold is reached triggering the neuron to transmit an electrical impulse down its axon (action potential) How do you feel something that is intense? More neurons fir ...
... When a neuron is resting there is a balance of excitatory and inhibitory signals. When one of these exceeds the other stimulus threshold is reached triggering the neuron to transmit an electrical impulse down its axon (action potential) How do you feel something that is intense? More neurons fir ...
The Neuron & Action Potential
... When a neuron is resting there is a balance of excitatory and inhibitory signals. When one of these exceeds the other stimulus threshold is reached triggering the neuron to transmit an electrical impulse down its axon (action potential) How do you feel something that is intense? More neurons fir ...
... When a neuron is resting there is a balance of excitatory and inhibitory signals. When one of these exceeds the other stimulus threshold is reached triggering the neuron to transmit an electrical impulse down its axon (action potential) How do you feel something that is intense? More neurons fir ...
chiasma formation occurs at or following mid-prophase
... cells in mid-prophase are subjected to temperatures of 40° C. The first cells in diplotene to show a chiasma-frequency reduction occurred approximately 2 days after the heat treatment was started. The latest stage labelled in these samples was leptotene. Labelled cells did not reach diplotene until ...
... cells in mid-prophase are subjected to temperatures of 40° C. The first cells in diplotene to show a chiasma-frequency reduction occurred approximately 2 days after the heat treatment was started. The latest stage labelled in these samples was leptotene. Labelled cells did not reach diplotene until ...
PDF
... signatures. The proximo-posterior side of the embryo is marked by the expression of Wnt3 (RiveraPérez and Magnuson, 2005) which engage in a signaling autoregulatory loop involving Nodal from the epiblast and BMP4 from the ExE (Ben-Haim et al., 2006; Brennan et al., 2001). Nodal and B ...
... signatures. The proximo-posterior side of the embryo is marked by the expression of Wnt3 (RiveraPérez and Magnuson, 2005) which engage in a signaling autoregulatory loop involving Nodal from the epiblast and BMP4 from the ExE (Ben-Haim et al., 2006; Brennan et al., 2001). Nodal and B ...
A Cellular Adventure
... Lysosome: Yeah, I do get very full. Sometimes I feel like I’m going to burst. All of the organelles mumble “Oh, no… don’t burst!” Ryan: Well, what’s wrong with that? Lysosome: Remember when I said that I was full of digestive enzymes? Ryan: Yeah, but what does that have to do with anything? Lysosom ...
... Lysosome: Yeah, I do get very full. Sometimes I feel like I’m going to burst. All of the organelles mumble “Oh, no… don’t burst!” Ryan: Well, what’s wrong with that? Lysosome: Remember when I said that I was full of digestive enzymes? Ryan: Yeah, but what does that have to do with anything? Lysosom ...
BMP Induction of Id Proteins Suppresses Differentiation
... p38 and, by one hour, of erk mitogen-activated protein kinases (Figure 3B). These data establish that undifferentiated ES cells possess the signal transduction machinery for responsiveness to BMP stimulation and furthermore that they may have the potential for autocrine stimulation via BMP4 and GDF ...
... p38 and, by one hour, of erk mitogen-activated protein kinases (Figure 3B). These data establish that undifferentiated ES cells possess the signal transduction machinery for responsiveness to BMP stimulation and furthermore that they may have the potential for autocrine stimulation via BMP4 and GDF ...
Hydrogen peroxide-induced changes in intracellular pH of
... treatment (Fig 4), and this implies that H2O2 possibly activates plasma membrane H+-ATPase, which will cause a more acidification of cell wall. In plant cells, plasma membrane H+-ATPase is primarily responsible for generating membrane potential [28,29]. Therefore, changes in membrane potential may c ...
... treatment (Fig 4), and this implies that H2O2 possibly activates plasma membrane H+-ATPase, which will cause a more acidification of cell wall. In plant cells, plasma membrane H+-ATPase is primarily responsible for generating membrane potential [28,29]. Therefore, changes in membrane potential may c ...
Compartmentalisation of Rho regulators directs cell
... cells, leading to their invagination. In vertebrates, apical constriction of neuroepithelial cells, mediated by reorganisation of the Actin cytoskeleton, contributes to closure of the anterior neural tube. Interestingly, mice mutant for p190 RhoGAP show defects in anterior neural tube closure, due t ...
... cells, leading to their invagination. In vertebrates, apical constriction of neuroepithelial cells, mediated by reorganisation of the Actin cytoskeleton, contributes to closure of the anterior neural tube. Interestingly, mice mutant for p190 RhoGAP show defects in anterior neural tube closure, due t ...