Distinct gene expression signatures in human embryonic stem cells
... resolve the signature of individual cells. Pancreas and liver both have a common origin of anterior definitive endoderm (DE). Here, we differentiated human embryonic stem cells towards DE using three different activin A based treatments. Differentiation efficiencies were evaluated by gene expression p ...
... resolve the signature of individual cells. Pancreas and liver both have a common origin of anterior definitive endoderm (DE). Here, we differentiated human embryonic stem cells towards DE using three different activin A based treatments. Differentiation efficiencies were evaluated by gene expression p ...
Betulinic Acid-induced Programmed Cell Death in
... kinases (MAPKs)] with no change in the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (antiapoptotic MAPK). Moreover, these results support a link between the MAPKs and reactive oxygen species (ROS). As demonstrated previously, cells treated with betulinic acid generate ROS. Preincubation ...
... kinases (MAPKs)] with no change in the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (antiapoptotic MAPK). Moreover, these results support a link between the MAPKs and reactive oxygen species (ROS). As demonstrated previously, cells treated with betulinic acid generate ROS. Preincubation ...
Molecular Identification of a SNAP-25
... as a ⬃300-bp fragment from genomic DNA or as a full-length cDNA sequence, were amplified by PCR using the PtSNAP-specific oligonucleotides (Table 1) and cloned into the double T7 promoter plasmid pL4440 (71) over the SpeI and XhoI restriction sites. Plasmids were introduced in the E. coli Ht115 stra ...
... as a ⬃300-bp fragment from genomic DNA or as a full-length cDNA sequence, were amplified by PCR using the PtSNAP-specific oligonucleotides (Table 1) and cloned into the double T7 promoter plasmid pL4440 (71) over the SpeI and XhoI restriction sites. Plasmids were introduced in the E. coli Ht115 stra ...
production and quality control of medicinal products derived
... sequences into a vector which is introduced into a suitable host organism so as to ensure the efficient expression of the desired gene product. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic vector/host cell expression systems have been developed and are in use for production. The factors affecting the expression ...
... sequences into a vector which is introduced into a suitable host organism so as to ensure the efficient expression of the desired gene product. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic vector/host cell expression systems have been developed and are in use for production. The factors affecting the expression ...
review - Nature
... treatment suggested that new gene expression might play a key role. To examine this possibility, B cells were treated with inhibitors of macromolecular synthesis along with anti-Ig during the last 6 h of 48 h cultures with CD40L (longer periods of exposure being precluded by drug toxicity); the addi ...
... treatment suggested that new gene expression might play a key role. To examine this possibility, B cells were treated with inhibitors of macromolecular synthesis along with anti-Ig during the last 6 h of 48 h cultures with CD40L (longer periods of exposure being precluded by drug toxicity); the addi ...
THE ROLE OF MHC GENE PRODUCTS IN IMMUNE REGULATION AND
... The pioneering experiments of Landsteiner (21) established that antibodies can be produced against any type of molecule provided it is presented to the immune system coupled to an immunogenic carrier molecule. The determinants against which antibodies can be made were termed “haptens” and “carriers” ...
... The pioneering experiments of Landsteiner (21) established that antibodies can be produced against any type of molecule provided it is presented to the immune system coupled to an immunogenic carrier molecule. The determinants against which antibodies can be made were termed “haptens” and “carriers” ...
Chapter 2: Body Structure Chapter Objectives
... Body Organization All living things consist of very small structures called cells. These cells perform a variety of functions in the body. Regardless of their function they are all similar in their structure. The next level of organization is tissue, which is the grouping of a number of cells togeth ...
... Body Organization All living things consist of very small structures called cells. These cells perform a variety of functions in the body. Regardless of their function they are all similar in their structure. The next level of organization is tissue, which is the grouping of a number of cells togeth ...
Cell division and leaf morphogenesis - Development
... al., 2000), the morphology of such plants is surprisingly normal. In addition, mutants have been identified that show altered planes of cell division throughout the plant, yet organ morphology is unaffected (Smith et al., 1996). Even mutants in which the cell division plane is severely disrupted can ...
... al., 2000), the morphology of such plants is surprisingly normal. In addition, mutants have been identified that show altered planes of cell division throughout the plant, yet organ morphology is unaffected (Smith et al., 1996). Even mutants in which the cell division plane is severely disrupted can ...
Dry Cell Batteries acceptable for recycling
... Description: Small dry-cell batteries, sealed, non-rechargeable, Carbon Zinc batteries are labeled general purpose or heavy duty Formats: AA, AAA, D-cell, C-cell, 9-volt, button cells Common Uses: Cameras, toys, watches, handheld electronics ...
... Description: Small dry-cell batteries, sealed, non-rechargeable, Carbon Zinc batteries are labeled general purpose or heavy duty Formats: AA, AAA, D-cell, C-cell, 9-volt, button cells Common Uses: Cameras, toys, watches, handheld electronics ...
Host B7x Promotes Pulmonary Metastasis of Breast Cancer
... express B7x in vitro (Fig. 1A). This did not change upon stimulation with IFN-g. Although IFN-g stimulation was able to upregulate PD-L1 expression on 4T1 cells, it had no effect on B7x expression (Fig. 1B). Furthermore, 4T1 tumors did not express B7x in vivo. RT-PCR of mRNA isolated from 4T1 metast ...
... express B7x in vitro (Fig. 1A). This did not change upon stimulation with IFN-g. Although IFN-g stimulation was able to upregulate PD-L1 expression on 4T1 cells, it had no effect on B7x expression (Fig. 1B). Furthermore, 4T1 tumors did not express B7x in vivo. RT-PCR of mRNA isolated from 4T1 metast ...
Silica nanoparticles enhance autophagic activity, disturb endothelial
... go into the soil (8–28%), water (0.4-7%), and atmosphere (0.2-1.5%). Among them, SiNPs are the dominant components in the global life cycle of ENMs [4]. There are multiple exposure pathways to SiNPs, such as the occupational exposure to SiNPs in the process of production, environmental exposure to S ...
... go into the soil (8–28%), water (0.4-7%), and atmosphere (0.2-1.5%). Among them, SiNPs are the dominant components in the global life cycle of ENMs [4]. There are multiple exposure pathways to SiNPs, such as the occupational exposure to SiNPs in the process of production, environmental exposure to S ...
MICROMORPHOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL LOCALISATION STUDIES ON AERIAL PARTS CENTRATHERUM PUNCTATUM
... terpenoids, flavonoids, oil stem, leaf and seeds of C.punctatum were studied and presented ( Fig. 1-12). Transverse section of the leaf observed in transverse sections showed central and two lateral wings (Fig.10.). The cells of outer layer are thin walled, smooth bearing appendages called trichomes ...
... terpenoids, flavonoids, oil stem, leaf and seeds of C.punctatum were studied and presented ( Fig. 1-12). Transverse section of the leaf observed in transverse sections showed central and two lateral wings (Fig.10.). The cells of outer layer are thin walled, smooth bearing appendages called trichomes ...
Comparative Study of Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency Diagnosis Methods
... (Qiagen). The membrane containing epithelial cells was transferred to a clean 1.5-ml RNAse-free Eppendorf tube (Hamburg, Germany) and briefly centrifuged to completely eliminate the RNA-conserving buffer with a micropipette. Next, 350 l of lysis buffer were added to the tube containing the membrane ...
... (Qiagen). The membrane containing epithelial cells was transferred to a clean 1.5-ml RNAse-free Eppendorf tube (Hamburg, Germany) and briefly centrifuged to completely eliminate the RNA-conserving buffer with a micropipette. Next, 350 l of lysis buffer were added to the tube containing the membrane ...
Exogenous nucleotides accelerate early replication
... In order to measure the total amount of newly synthesised DNA, the cells were loaded with 30 nM [α-32P]2′-deoxycytidine 5′triphosphate (3000 Ci mmol−1, ICN Biomedicals, Inc., USA), which was included in the solutions loaded into the cells during the hypotonic shift. Then, the cells were incubated in ...
... In order to measure the total amount of newly synthesised DNA, the cells were loaded with 30 nM [α-32P]2′-deoxycytidine 5′triphosphate (3000 Ci mmol−1, ICN Biomedicals, Inc., USA), which was included in the solutions loaded into the cells during the hypotonic shift. Then, the cells were incubated in ...
A Membrane-Bound NAC Transcription Factor Regulates Cell
... conserved NAC domain in the N-terminal region (Figure 2A) (Aida et al., 1997). The NAC domain of ;130 residues has been identified in members of the recently recognized NAC transcription factor family in plants (Figure 2B) (Takada et al., 2001; Hibara et al., 2003). It possesses a sequence-specific ...
... conserved NAC domain in the N-terminal region (Figure 2A) (Aida et al., 1997). The NAC domain of ;130 residues has been identified in members of the recently recognized NAC transcription factor family in plants (Figure 2B) (Takada et al., 2001; Hibara et al., 2003). It possesses a sequence-specific ...
Chapter 8. Movement across the Membrane
... Move for HIGH to LOW concentration “passive transport” no energy needed ...
... Move for HIGH to LOW concentration “passive transport” no energy needed ...
Growing wrist mass
... On computed tomography (CT) the presence of haemosiderin deposits within the lesion may produce areas of high attenuation. As the lesion is hypervascular, contrast enhancement is often present. CT is also useful in detecting small erosions not visible or not clearly defined on radiographs.15–17 Gene ...
... On computed tomography (CT) the presence of haemosiderin deposits within the lesion may produce areas of high attenuation. As the lesion is hypervascular, contrast enhancement is often present. CT is also useful in detecting small erosions not visible or not clearly defined on radiographs.15–17 Gene ...
A Geminivirus lnduces Expression of a Host DNA Synthesis Protein
... et al., 1987; Groning et al., 1990). To begin to study the cellular basis of geminivirus replication, we asked whether the TGMV replication proteins AL1 and AL3 are located in a subcellular compartment where plant DNA replication occurs, that is, the nucleus, the plastid, and/or the mitochondrion. I ...
... et al., 1987; Groning et al., 1990). To begin to study the cellular basis of geminivirus replication, we asked whether the TGMV replication proteins AL1 and AL3 are located in a subcellular compartment where plant DNA replication occurs, that is, the nucleus, the plastid, and/or the mitochondrion. I ...
Mutations in the tat Gene Are Responsible for Human
... Previous reports have demonstrated that the U1 cell line, a model for postintegration latency, is defective at the level of Tat function and can be rescued by exogenously provided Tat protein. Sequence analysis of tat cDNAs from the U1 cell line identified two distinct forms of Tat, in agreement wit ...
... Previous reports have demonstrated that the U1 cell line, a model for postintegration latency, is defective at the level of Tat function and can be rescued by exogenously provided Tat protein. Sequence analysis of tat cDNAs from the U1 cell line identified two distinct forms of Tat, in agreement wit ...
Human skin cells support thymus- independent T cell development
... cytometry analysis. These complete constructs were maintained in culture for 3–4 weeks in the presence of the prolymphopoietic cytokines IL-7 and IL-15, as well as Flt-3 ligand. IF of the constructs showed that fibroblasts grew as adherent cells on the matrices and also formed thin cellular projecti ...
... cytometry analysis. These complete constructs were maintained in culture for 3–4 weeks in the presence of the prolymphopoietic cytokines IL-7 and IL-15, as well as Flt-3 ligand. IF of the constructs showed that fibroblasts grew as adherent cells on the matrices and also formed thin cellular projecti ...
Cytoskeleton-Plasma Membrane-Cell Wall
... of proteins immunologically related to both integrins and cadherins (Kaminskyj and Heath, 1994; Katembe et al., 1997; Barthou et al., 1998; Canut et al., 1998; Faik et al., 1998; Kiba et al., 1998; Baluška et al., 1999b; Labouré et al., 1999; Laval et al., 1999; Nagpal and Quatrano, 1999; Swatzell ...
... of proteins immunologically related to both integrins and cadherins (Kaminskyj and Heath, 1994; Katembe et al., 1997; Barthou et al., 1998; Canut et al., 1998; Faik et al., 1998; Kiba et al., 1998; Baluška et al., 1999b; Labouré et al., 1999; Laval et al., 1999; Nagpal and Quatrano, 1999; Swatzell ...
Dates and Date Functions
... If you were to enter the date value 1/1/1900 in a cell, and then display formulas (or format it as a number), you would see 1 in the cell because that is the first date ...
... If you were to enter the date value 1/1/1900 in a cell, and then display formulas (or format it as a number), you would see 1 in the cell because that is the first date ...
Are Viruses Alive?
... We decide what is a living organism and We look if specific biological entities (viruses?) fit with our definition We decide which biological entities are living and we propose a definition based on their properties ...
... We decide what is a living organism and We look if specific biological entities (viruses?) fit with our definition We decide which biological entities are living and we propose a definition based on their properties ...
Muscle fibres and cultured muscle cells express the B7.1/2
... yet unidenti®ed co-stimulatory molecules associated with the B7 family, but distinct from CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2) (Behrens et al., 1998; Murata and Dalakas, 1999). Inducible co-stimulator ligand (ICOSL) is a member of the B7 family of co-stimulatory ligands which shares 19±20% sequence identity ...
... yet unidenti®ed co-stimulatory molecules associated with the B7 family, but distinct from CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2) (Behrens et al., 1998; Murata and Dalakas, 1999). Inducible co-stimulator ligand (ICOSL) is a member of the B7 family of co-stimulatory ligands which shares 19±20% sequence identity ...
Slide 1
... The bicoid research is important for three reasons It identified a specific protein required for some early steps in pattern formation It increased understanding of the mother’s role in embryo development It demonstrated a key developmental principle that a gradient of molecules can determi ...
... The bicoid research is important for three reasons It identified a specific protein required for some early steps in pattern formation It increased understanding of the mother’s role in embryo development It demonstrated a key developmental principle that a gradient of molecules can determi ...
Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.