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Magnetic relaxation switches capable of sensing molecular
Magnetic relaxation switches capable of sensing molecular

... ligands, these materials have been used as chemical sensors. For example, gold nanoparticles can be synthesized to carry oligonucleotides capable of sensing complementary strands detectable by color changes2–4. Other nanoparticles include fluorescent quantum dots5–7, magnetoresistive particles8, and ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

...  The bicoid research is important for three reasons  It identified a specific protein required for some early steps in pattern formation  It increased understanding of the mother’s role in embryo development  It demonstrated a key developmental principle that a gradient of molecules can determi ...
Characteristics of life
Characteristics of life

... air, water, weather, temperature, any organisms in the area, and many other factors. These external environmental factors act as stimuli and can cause a response from living things. Organisms need to respond to the changes in order to stay alive and healthy. For example, if you go outside on a brigh ...
Are Viruses Alive?
Are Viruses Alive?

... We decide what is a living organism and We look if specific biological entities (viruses?) fit with our definition We decide which biological entities are living and we propose a definition based on their properties ...
Dates and Date Functions
Dates and Date Functions

... If you were to enter the date value 1/1/1900 in a cell, and then display formulas (or format it as a number), you would see 1 in the cell because that is the first date ...
Regulatory role of rpL3 in cell response to nucleolar stress induced
Regulatory role of rpL3 in cell response to nucleolar stress induced

... is dynamic and alters under stress condition.2,3 In eukaryotes, ribosome biogenesis is a complex process that requires a number of coordinate events prior to nuclear export of the mature subunits to the cytoplasm.4 In growing and proliferating tumor cells, the process of ribosome biogenesis is enhan ...
Morphological Aspect of the Midgut of Anopheles aquasalis
Morphological Aspect of the Midgut of Anopheles aquasalis

... In the abdominal region, we also found modified cell types with basal characteristic, but only under light microscopy. These cells presented a narrow cytoplasm and few basophils. However, due to their localization, we could attribute them a regenerative function responsible for the renovation of the ...
Full text - Annals of RSCB
Full text - Annals of RSCB

... emphasized polymorphism in fish muscle cells. Previous research has shown an increase in the amount of fat in the fish meat reared at high densities (Cocan & Mireşan, 2011). Very little has been studied on these lipid storage mechanism in fish in general, and especially in rainbow trout. If in the c ...
Diffusion Modeling of snRNP Dynamics
Diffusion Modeling of snRNP Dynamics

... Result of the best global fitting is shown in Fig. 3A. It is seen that most of the residuals exhibit significant systematic deviations from zero and we conclude that the free-diffusion model with a spatially uniform diffusion coefficient cannot explain dynamics of the snRNP particles in the nucleopl ...
COURSE 120 ANAT. ( HISTOLOGY) ( I ) Basic Information Course
COURSE 120 ANAT. ( HISTOLOGY) ( I ) Basic Information Course

... Contact clock hours for Male students: (a) Group A: Lecture: 1 hour (Saturday, 1-2 pm.) Practical: 2 hours (Saturday, 2-4 pm.) (b) Group B: Lecture: 1 hour (Wednesday, 9-10 am.) Practical: 2 hours (Wednesday, 10- 12am.) Contact clock hours for female students: Lecture: 1 hour (Saturday, 9-10 am.) Pr ...
gce marking scheme
gce marking scheme

... Human cells do not have the same uptake mechanism as bacterial cells/membranes are not as permeable to tetracycline/do not have the necessary carriers/do not take up tetracycline by active support, by diffusion instead. A (section) of DNA/base sequence/a mutation (or since they have not encountered ...
Plasma membrane
Plasma membrane

... Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Cotyledon cells of Vigna mungo seedlings use at least two distinct
Cotyledon cells of Vigna mungo seedlings use at least two distinct

... Ultrastructural analyses of the cotyledon cells of normally germinated V. mungo seeds were conducted to observe how SG interacts with vacuoles to be degraded by -amylase. A cotyledon of a day 3 seedling is composed of heterologous cells with respect to the amount of reserves in the cells. Cells pos ...
Constructing a Plant Cell. The Genetic Control of Root Hair
Constructing a Plant Cell. The Genetic Control of Root Hair

... (Galway et al., 1994). The homozygous recessive ttg mutants possess root hairs on almost every root epidermal cell, implying that the normal role of the TTG product is either to promote specification of the nonhair cell type or to repress specification of the root hair cell type in immature cells lo ...
Cotyledon cells of Vigna mungo seedlings use at
Cotyledon cells of Vigna mungo seedlings use at

... were intact (Fig. 4 B). The electron density of the PSV became low when the degradation of proteins started (Fig. 4 C). In the same cells, a membranous structure surrounding SGs was observed, and some regions with low electron density (LED) were found (Fig. 4 C). The LED area around the SG was enlar ...
Cardiac-Muscle Hypertrophy
Cardiac-Muscle Hypertrophy

... synthesis of their contractile proteins and enlarge or undergo compensatory hypertrophy to accommodate these new contractile elements. Factors responsible for the initiation of compensatory cardiac hypertrophy and the mechanism by which an increased functional demand is converted into such a physiol ...
A new approach to increase yields and improve
A new approach to increase yields and improve

... prepare proteins for structural characterization by NMR analysis. Growing E. coli in EnPresso B Defined Nitrogen-free, a chemically-defined growth system ensures that cultures can reach significantly higher densities before induction (Figure 6a). This is a particular advantage when expressing protei ...
A Possible Role for the Cnidarian Homologue of Serum Response
A Possible Role for the Cnidarian Homologue of Serum Response

... To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: 49-221-4705171. E-mail: [email protected]. ...
Yeeeeeeea Haaaaaw! Grab yer hat and saddle the broncs! It`s time
Yeeeeeeea Haaaaaw! Grab yer hat and saddle the broncs! It`s time

... the page. This site may only be available to you at school. 2. Biology4Kids.com – http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_main.html Learn all about a cell's structure and the functions of its organelles on this website. They also discuss the difference between a plant and animal cell. You are able to ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... wounding is required for the production or release of these compounds. In one study, two phenolic inducers, acetosyringone (AS) and a-hydroxyacetosyringone, were released in higher amounts from tobacco leaf discs than from unwounded leaves (Stachel et al., 1985). However, these compounds were first ...
Definition Assignment
Definition Assignment

... Mitochondria are specialized organelles present in the cells of animals, plants and fungi. The various functions of the cell and the organism as a whole are powered by these specialized structures. Nearly all our cells contain these structures. The number of mitochondria per cell can range from one ...
The Evolution of Robust Development and Homeostasis in Artificial
The Evolution of Robust Development and Homeostasis in Artificial

... having identical genomes. Taking togther, the result is an evolvable CA capable of generating complex three-dimensional forms (see Figure 1C, Methods, [25,26]), a pre-requisite for this analysis. With these rules guiding digital organism development in place, a genetic algorithm was then used to sel ...
Protection of tobacco cells from oxidative copper
Protection of tobacco cells from oxidative copper

... The impact of copper ions on the oxidative and calcium signal transductions, leading to cell death in plant cells, have been documented. Copper induces a series of biological and chemical reactions in plant cells including the oxidative burst reflecting the production of reactive oxygen species and ...
Modelling the structural response of an eukaryotic cell in the optical
Modelling the structural response of an eukaryotic cell in the optical

... Analytic thick shell elastic model for actin cortex: Ample experimental evidence, albeit more indirect and qualitative, shows that out of the three cytoskeletal polymers, actin dominates the cell’s structural response5–8. Hence, in our first approach to model a suspended, spherical fibroblast in the ...
Mir-190b negatively contributes to the Trypanosoma cruzi
Mir-190b negatively contributes to the Trypanosoma cruzi

... biological functions of only a small fraction have been characterised and, in T. cruzi-infected cells, such analyses have just begun. In our analyses, the miR-190b demonstrated a close modulatory connection with the control of PTEN expression, which collaborates with T. cruzi-infected cells viabilit ...
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Cell culture



Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.
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