GFP-tagging of cell components reveals the dynamics of subcellular
... with cytochalasins and microtubule polymerization and depolymerization inhibitors permitted the non-pathogen Erysiphe pisi to penetrate barley coleoptile cells and form haustoria and secondary hyphae (Kobayashi et al., 1997a). These results indicated that the cytoskeleton may play an important role ...
... with cytochalasins and microtubule polymerization and depolymerization inhibitors permitted the non-pathogen Erysiphe pisi to penetrate barley coleoptile cells and form haustoria and secondary hyphae (Kobayashi et al., 1997a). These results indicated that the cytoskeleton may play an important role ...
Functional analysis of the human CDC5L complex
... previously been isolated in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a HeLa cDNA library using cytoplasmic domain amino acids of the human thrombin receptor as bait and identi®ed as the human homologue of the ®ssion yeast CDC5 gene product (Bernstein and Coughlin, 1997). Although the function of the CDC5L prote ...
... previously been isolated in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a HeLa cDNA library using cytoplasmic domain amino acids of the human thrombin receptor as bait and identi®ed as the human homologue of the ®ssion yeast CDC5 gene product (Bernstein and Coughlin, 1997). Although the function of the CDC5L prote ...
Regulated adhesion as a driving force of gastrulation movements
... variants of the assay exist, for instance, incubating cells in ‘hanging drops’ or re-transplanting mixed cells into embryos (Krieg et al., 2008). These assays, although similar to an in vivo situation, do not directly address cell-cell adhesion, as cellular aggregation is also influenced by other in ...
... variants of the assay exist, for instance, incubating cells in ‘hanging drops’ or re-transplanting mixed cells into embryos (Krieg et al., 2008). These assays, although similar to an in vivo situation, do not directly address cell-cell adhesion, as cellular aggregation is also influenced by other in ...
COMPOUND-INDUCED HOST CELL RESPONSES AND EFFECTS ON WHOLE VIRUS CHAPTER 4
... receptors with fluorescently labelled antibodies or sorting) if information on specific subsets is required. Immortalized cell lines facilitate high throughput screening since they are readily available and together with primary cells allow for extrapolation of information from in vitro data regardi ...
... receptors with fluorescently labelled antibodies or sorting) if information on specific subsets is required. Immortalized cell lines facilitate high throughput screening since they are readily available and together with primary cells allow for extrapolation of information from in vitro data regardi ...
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... with p38MAPK phosphorylation suggest that this mechanism may also be operative in other organisms. Such 3⬘ UTRmediated transcript stability has been reported for mRNAs encoding cytokines (6), but this work demonstrates that this mechanism can also operate for the Notch receptor. Previous studies hav ...
... with p38MAPK phosphorylation suggest that this mechanism may also be operative in other organisms. Such 3⬘ UTRmediated transcript stability has been reported for mRNAs encoding cytokines (6), but this work demonstrates that this mechanism can also operate for the Notch receptor. Previous studies hav ...
Roles of ion channels and transporters in guard cell signal
... animals; however, while Shaker channels are outwardly-rectifying, individual plant K+ channels may be inwardly-rectifying, outwardly-rectifying, or weakly rectifying (Fig. 2). The inward K+ channels KAT1, KAT2, AKT1, the outward K+ channel GORK, the K+ channel AKT2/3, whose rectification properties a ...
... animals; however, while Shaker channels are outwardly-rectifying, individual plant K+ channels may be inwardly-rectifying, outwardly-rectifying, or weakly rectifying (Fig. 2). The inward K+ channels KAT1, KAT2, AKT1, the outward K+ channel GORK, the K+ channel AKT2/3, whose rectification properties a ...
3. The Sea Urchin
... but by no means exhaustive. 3.25 (x450) is a whole mount in situ hybridization using an anti-sense BP-10 RNA (courtesy of T. Lepage; Lepage et at., 1992). The boundary of expression sharply demarcates future ectoderm from endoderm and mesoderm. 3.26 (x420) shows an in situ hybridization of a Lytechi ...
... but by no means exhaustive. 3.25 (x450) is a whole mount in situ hybridization using an anti-sense BP-10 RNA (courtesy of T. Lepage; Lepage et at., 1992). The boundary of expression sharply demarcates future ectoderm from endoderm and mesoderm. 3.26 (x420) shows an in situ hybridization of a Lytechi ...
Change of Extracellular Polymeric Substances Composition of
... minerals such as carbonates and sulfides, elemental sulfur as well as divalent cations such as Ca2+ or Mg2+. In the ferrosphere and in case of biofilms of acidophilic leaching bacteria on metal sulfides Fe2+ and Fe3+ have an important function [6,18]. Due to the complex nature of EPS, there is no un ...
... minerals such as carbonates and sulfides, elemental sulfur as well as divalent cations such as Ca2+ or Mg2+. In the ferrosphere and in case of biofilms of acidophilic leaching bacteria on metal sulfides Fe2+ and Fe3+ have an important function [6,18]. Due to the complex nature of EPS, there is no un ...
Effect of topical rebamipide on goblet cells in the lid wiper of human
... The aim of the present study was to examine the number of goblet cells in the lid wiper of humans, and to analyze changes in goblet cell number and cell proliferation as a result of topical rebamipide administration. EGFR expression in the lid wiper was also investigated to establish whether there i ...
... The aim of the present study was to examine the number of goblet cells in the lid wiper of humans, and to analyze changes in goblet cell number and cell proliferation as a result of topical rebamipide administration. EGFR expression in the lid wiper was also investigated to establish whether there i ...
Quantification of gap junction selectivity
... gap junctions that they form must be appreciated. Since their discovery, much has been learned about gap junctions in a broad sense, but their functional and regulatory differences are still largely unexplored. Regardless of connexin composition, all gap junctions mediate electrical signaling, and m ...
... gap junctions that they form must be appreciated. Since their discovery, much has been learned about gap junctions in a broad sense, but their functional and regulatory differences are still largely unexplored. Regardless of connexin composition, all gap junctions mediate electrical signaling, and m ...
Slow Protein Conformational Change, Allostery and
... dynamic behaviors not usually seen in simpler molecular systems with only a few to tens of atoms. Characterizing the biochemical and biophysical properties of macromolecules, including their interactions with other molecules, has been a central research theme for many decades. The field is especiall ...
... dynamic behaviors not usually seen in simpler molecular systems with only a few to tens of atoms. Characterizing the biochemical and biophysical properties of macromolecules, including their interactions with other molecules, has been a central research theme for many decades. The field is especiall ...
Cellular Force Microscopy for in Vivo
... cells with CFM: stiffness mapping with noninvasive, small indentation scans covering several cells, and cell wall puncture using very high forces. The mechanical effects of turgor pressure were investigated by mapping cell apparent stiffness in various states of plasmolysis as well as by comparing s ...
... cells with CFM: stiffness mapping with noninvasive, small indentation scans covering several cells, and cell wall puncture using very high forces. The mechanical effects of turgor pressure were investigated by mapping cell apparent stiffness in various states of plasmolysis as well as by comparing s ...
Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
... 2003a; Tzfira and Citovsky 2002). A. tumefaciens is a soil-borne phytopathogen that causes crown gall disease in plants. Upon infection by A. tumefaciens, a specific region of the bacterial tumor-inducing plasmid (pTi), known as the transfer DNA (T-DNA), is transferred to the plant cell and is integ ...
... 2003a; Tzfira and Citovsky 2002). A. tumefaciens is a soil-borne phytopathogen that causes crown gall disease in plants. Upon infection by A. tumefaciens, a specific region of the bacterial tumor-inducing plasmid (pTi), known as the transfer DNA (T-DNA), is transferred to the plant cell and is integ ...
Homeostatic proliferation generates long- lived natural killer
... the first week and were readily recovered in the recipient several months later (Fig. S2). The donor cells in these experiments were sorted to high purity (>99% NK1.1+ CD3 splenocytes) to ensure that hematopoietic stem cells residing in the donor splenocyte population were not being cotransferred w ...
... the first week and were readily recovered in the recipient several months later (Fig. S2). The donor cells in these experiments were sorted to high purity (>99% NK1.1+ CD3 splenocytes) to ensure that hematopoietic stem cells residing in the donor splenocyte population were not being cotransferred w ...
invited review - AJP
... usual biosynthetic pathway. It is synthesized and initially processed in the endoplasmic reticulum with the formation of dimers and with addition of N-linked glycoside residues, and then is further processed in the Golgi apparatus, especially by modification of carbohydrate residues (43, 44, 46, 47) ...
... usual biosynthetic pathway. It is synthesized and initially processed in the endoplasmic reticulum with the formation of dimers and with addition of N-linked glycoside residues, and then is further processed in the Golgi apparatus, especially by modification of carbohydrate residues (43, 44, 46, 47) ...
UNC-4/UNC-37-dependent repression of motor neuron
... Drosophila Groucho is the founding member of a highly conserved family of transcriptional corepressor proteins (Fisher and Caudy 1998). Groucho proteins are defined by an amino-terminal dimerization domain and a carboxy-terminal region of WD40 repeats. The transcriptional repressor activity of Grouc ...
... Drosophila Groucho is the founding member of a highly conserved family of transcriptional corepressor proteins (Fisher and Caudy 1998). Groucho proteins are defined by an amino-terminal dimerization domain and a carboxy-terminal region of WD40 repeats. The transcriptional repressor activity of Grouc ...
Carbohydrates
... for processes that the body carries out, like growth and reproduction. The atoms that make up the macromolecules (carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen in particular) occur in different ratios and structures that account for different properties. Indicators are chemical substances that can be used to classif ...
... for processes that the body carries out, like growth and reproduction. The atoms that make up the macromolecules (carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen in particular) occur in different ratios and structures that account for different properties. Indicators are chemical substances that can be used to classif ...
Strategies of actin reorganisation in plant cells
... date. The actin-binding domain of mouse talin (Tn) (Kost et al., 1998) allowed the observation of fine actin organisation in all plant tissues and led to a better understanding of F-actin organisation during plant development and morphogenesis (Mathur et al., 1999; Fu et al., 2001; Ilgenfritz et al. ...
... date. The actin-binding domain of mouse talin (Tn) (Kost et al., 1998) allowed the observation of fine actin organisation in all plant tissues and led to a better understanding of F-actin organisation during plant development and morphogenesis (Mathur et al., 1999; Fu et al., 2001; Ilgenfritz et al. ...
The homeobox-containing gene Wariai regulates anterior
... specific developmental stage, the organisms were fixed briefly in Z buffer with 0.5% glutaraldehyde and 0.05% Triton X-100, then stained in Z buffer containing 2.5 mM K3Fe(CN)6, 2.5 mM K4Fe(CN)6 and 1 mM X-gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-Dgalactopyranoside). For β-galactosidase and β-glucuronidase ...
... specific developmental stage, the organisms were fixed briefly in Z buffer with 0.5% glutaraldehyde and 0.05% Triton X-100, then stained in Z buffer containing 2.5 mM K3Fe(CN)6, 2.5 mM K4Fe(CN)6 and 1 mM X-gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-Dgalactopyranoside). For β-galactosidase and β-glucuronidase ...
315-332
... expanding. The primary cell wall defines cell shape and thereby contributes to the structural integrity of the entire plant. At maturity some common cell types (parenchyma and collenchyma) frequently have only a primary cell wall. The fixed, immobile nature of plant cells and tissues means that the ...
... expanding. The primary cell wall defines cell shape and thereby contributes to the structural integrity of the entire plant. At maturity some common cell types (parenchyma and collenchyma) frequently have only a primary cell wall. The fixed, immobile nature of plant cells and tissues means that the ...
Divergent mechanisms underlie Smad4
... Background: Functional inactivation of the tumor suppressor Smad4 in colorectal and pancreatic carcinogenesis occurs coincident with the transition to invasive growth. Breaking the basement membrane (BM) barrier, a prerequisite for invasive growth, can be due to tumor induced proteolytic tissue remo ...
... Background: Functional inactivation of the tumor suppressor Smad4 in colorectal and pancreatic carcinogenesis occurs coincident with the transition to invasive growth. Breaking the basement membrane (BM) barrier, a prerequisite for invasive growth, can be due to tumor induced proteolytic tissue remo ...
The Pore Size of Non-Graminaceous Plant Cell
... physiological state of the semi-continuous cultures. However, duplicate MSL values obtained for cells harvested at the same time and treated identically differed by no more than 0.1 nm (Fleischer et al., 1998). The MSL of the walls of growing B-deficient cells was rapidly reduced after the addition ...
... physiological state of the semi-continuous cultures. However, duplicate MSL values obtained for cells harvested at the same time and treated identically differed by no more than 0.1 nm (Fleischer et al., 1998). The MSL of the walls of growing B-deficient cells was rapidly reduced after the addition ...
Root cytoskeleton: its role in perception of and response to gravity
... Fig. 1. A±F Typical distributions of MTs (A, C) and actin-based cytoskeleton (B, D) in early postmitotic maize root cells (metaxylem elements) of the root proper (A, B) and in statocytes of the root cap (C±F). Stars in A±D indicate positions of nuclei. Snow¯akes in D show actin-rich domains localize ...
... Fig. 1. A±F Typical distributions of MTs (A, C) and actin-based cytoskeleton (B, D) in early postmitotic maize root cells (metaxylem elements) of the root proper (A, B) and in statocytes of the root cap (C±F). Stars in A±D indicate positions of nuclei. Snow¯akes in D show actin-rich domains localize ...
Chapter 4 Review Questions
... c. the cell may become too large to take in enough food and to remove enough wastes. d. waste products cannot leave the cell if the cell is too small. ...
... c. the cell may become too large to take in enough food and to remove enough wastes. d. waste products cannot leave the cell if the cell is too small. ...
Copyright Information of the Article Published Online
... survival, but also has been accepted as a CSC marker for gastric cancer in many studies[9]. CD44 expression is upregulated in advanced gastric lesions[10]. Depletion of CD44 inhibited the stem cell-like properties, which was accompanied by the downregulation of Oct4[10]. Conversely, CD44+ gastric ca ...
... survival, but also has been accepted as a CSC marker for gastric cancer in many studies[9]. CD44 expression is upregulated in advanced gastric lesions[10]. Depletion of CD44 inhibited the stem cell-like properties, which was accompanied by the downregulation of Oct4[10]. Conversely, CD44+ gastric ca ...