Forespore membrane assembly in yeast
... persists after spore maturation – unlike that of GFP-Spo3, which disappears after spore maturation (Nakamura et al., 2001). Psy1 localizes to the plasma membrane of mother cells before completion of meiosis I. Immediately after exit from meiosis I, it suddenly disappears from the plasma membrane. It ...
... persists after spore maturation – unlike that of GFP-Spo3, which disappears after spore maturation (Nakamura et al., 2001). Psy1 localizes to the plasma membrane of mother cells before completion of meiosis I. Immediately after exit from meiosis I, it suddenly disappears from the plasma membrane. It ...
Apoptosis-inducing factor is involved in the regulation of caspase
... in the absence of caspase-3, neurons do eventually undergo apoptosis, suggesting that either additional caspases or caspase-independent effectors could also be involved. To distinguish between these possibilities, we examined p53-induced cell death in the presence or absence of Apaf1, a critical cof ...
... in the absence of caspase-3, neurons do eventually undergo apoptosis, suggesting that either additional caspases or caspase-independent effectors could also be involved. To distinguish between these possibilities, we examined p53-induced cell death in the presence or absence of Apaf1, a critical cof ...
Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast: A clinicopathological review
... carcinoma and sarcoma. Breast Carcinosarcomas may themselves present in a variety of mixtures such as homogenously adenosquamous or heterogenously Epithelial and (adenocarcinoma) and mesenchymal (matrix, spindle cell and sarcomatous). The prognosis of patients with Metaplastic breast carcinoma depen ...
... carcinoma and sarcoma. Breast Carcinosarcomas may themselves present in a variety of mixtures such as homogenously adenosquamous or heterogenously Epithelial and (adenocarcinoma) and mesenchymal (matrix, spindle cell and sarcomatous). The prognosis of patients with Metaplastic breast carcinoma depen ...
i ANALYSIS OF THE ENU-3 PROTEIN FAMILY IN NERVOUS
... C. elegans and DCC in humans, and UNC-5/UNC-5 (naming of this gene is the same in C. elegans and humans), which sample the extracellular environment and detect the gradient distribution of UNC-6 in C. elegans and Netrin in humans, along the ventral nerve cord (Chan et al., 1996, Leung-Hagesteijn et ...
... C. elegans and DCC in humans, and UNC-5/UNC-5 (naming of this gene is the same in C. elegans and humans), which sample the extracellular environment and detect the gradient distribution of UNC-6 in C. elegans and Netrin in humans, along the ventral nerve cord (Chan et al., 1996, Leung-Hagesteijn et ...
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... recombined with chick PS6 and cultured in vitro for 24 hours. RTPCR analyses followed by restriction digestion revealed upregulation of both Lim1 and Pax2 expression in PS6 cultured in the presence of axial tissues (Fig. 1C, lanes 3 and 4, n=18; 9/18 and 12/18 for Lim1 and Pax2, respectively). By co ...
... recombined with chick PS6 and cultured in vitro for 24 hours. RTPCR analyses followed by restriction digestion revealed upregulation of both Lim1 and Pax2 expression in PS6 cultured in the presence of axial tissues (Fig. 1C, lanes 3 and 4, n=18; 9/18 and 12/18 for Lim1 and Pax2, respectively). By co ...
Division, and Morphogenesis in Plants
... meristem, embryonic leaves (cotyledons), hypocotyl, root, and root apical meristem (Figs. 2D and 2E). The prospective organ primordia do not correlate with the three early domains, showing that the final definition of organs and the positioning of organ boundaries are later events (Scheres et al., 1 ...
... meristem, embryonic leaves (cotyledons), hypocotyl, root, and root apical meristem (Figs. 2D and 2E). The prospective organ primordia do not correlate with the three early domains, showing that the final definition of organs and the positioning of organ boundaries are later events (Scheres et al., 1 ...
Receptor-Mediated Entry by Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Utilizes
... final concentration of 1 M to selected cultures at 24 hpi. The culture supernatants were collected, clarified by centrifugation to remove cell debris, and stored at ⫺80°C prior to measuring RT activity as described previously (10). Assays of EIAV penetration of target cells. To assess the effects o ...
... final concentration of 1 M to selected cultures at 24 hpi. The culture supernatants were collected, clarified by centrifugation to remove cell debris, and stored at ⫺80°C prior to measuring RT activity as described previously (10). Assays of EIAV penetration of target cells. To assess the effects o ...
RAD50, an SMC family member with multiple roles in DNA break
... added complexity here as the ATPase activity of cohesin is controlled by an additional subunit, Scc1, interacting with the ATPase domains of SMC1/3 (Arumugam et al. 2006). The ATPase cycle is common to SMC proteins and ABC transporters. How this ATP-dependent engagement–disengagement cycle facilitat ...
... added complexity here as the ATPase activity of cohesin is controlled by an additional subunit, Scc1, interacting with the ATPase domains of SMC1/3 (Arumugam et al. 2006). The ATPase cycle is common to SMC proteins and ABC transporters. How this ATP-dependent engagement–disengagement cycle facilitat ...
The Cytology of the Gram-positive Cocci
... It is of interest to observe that the parallel between smooth and rough variants in the bacillary genera, and short- and long-chained streptococci, appears to extend to their minute structure. In both groups, the variant which adheres in chains after division, and consequently forms ' Medusa-head' c ...
... It is of interest to observe that the parallel between smooth and rough variants in the bacillary genera, and short- and long-chained streptococci, appears to extend to their minute structure. In both groups, the variant which adheres in chains after division, and consequently forms ' Medusa-head' c ...
Protoplast Culture: definition
... Once the protoplasts have regenerated a cell wall, they undergo cell division and form a callus.This callus can be subcultured. The callus may undergo embryogenesis or organogenesis after about 3-4 weeks, in the correct culture conditions. The ...
... Once the protoplasts have regenerated a cell wall, they undergo cell division and form a callus.This callus can be subcultured. The callus may undergo embryogenesis or organogenesis after about 3-4 weeks, in the correct culture conditions. The ...
Origin and evolution of endoderm and mesoderm
... this reflects the ancestral type of gastrulation for protostomes (reviewed in Nielsen, 2001; Arendt et al., 2001). Interestingly, the comparison of molecular markers of the oral field and the blastopore in basal protostomes and basal deuterostomes suggests that the common ancestor, the Urbilateria, ...
... this reflects the ancestral type of gastrulation for protostomes (reviewed in Nielsen, 2001; Arendt et al., 2001). Interestingly, the comparison of molecular markers of the oral field and the blastopore in basal protostomes and basal deuterostomes suggests that the common ancestor, the Urbilateria, ...
Visualization of the moonlighting protein CD26DPPIV - UvA-DARE
... is a major source of environmental stress for mammalian cells (Tyrrell 1996a,b; König 2000). UV-C (200-290 nm) is strongly absorbed by nucleic acids and causes DNA damage by inducing the formation of pyrimidine dimers, resulting in mutations and eventually carcinogenesis (Hall et al. 1988). UV-A (32 ...
... is a major source of environmental stress for mammalian cells (Tyrrell 1996a,b; König 2000). UV-C (200-290 nm) is strongly absorbed by nucleic acids and causes DNA damage by inducing the formation of pyrimidine dimers, resulting in mutations and eventually carcinogenesis (Hall et al. 1988). UV-A (32 ...
Energetics and genetics across the prokaryote
... hard to distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic microfossils let alone prove the existence of extinct lines of protoeukaryotes. While asserting the unprovable existence of extinct lines of eukaryotes is unsatisfying, if not unscientific, extinction is commonplace, and the argument seems, on t ...
... hard to distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic microfossils let alone prove the existence of extinct lines of protoeukaryotes. While asserting the unprovable existence of extinct lines of eukaryotes is unsatisfying, if not unscientific, extinction is commonplace, and the argument seems, on t ...
7 Dynamics of pyruvate metabolism in Lactococcus lactis
... The lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis is commonly used in the dairy industry for the manufacture of fermented milk and cheese. This is mainly due to the ability of this organism to rapidly convert the sugars present in milk to lactic acid, whereby a preservative effect is obtained. L. lactis ...
... The lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis is commonly used in the dairy industry for the manufacture of fermented milk and cheese. This is mainly due to the ability of this organism to rapidly convert the sugars present in milk to lactic acid, whereby a preservative effect is obtained. L. lactis ...
Supplemental Figure Legends
... m was preserved in Ppif-/- MEFs. As a positive control, addition of 50 M carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP), a mitochondrial uncoupler, was able to dissipate mitochondrial in both Ppif+/+ and Ppif-/- MEFs (data were collected from 2 independent experiments each perfor ...
... m was preserved in Ppif-/- MEFs. As a positive control, addition of 50 M carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP), a mitochondrial uncoupler, was able to dissipate mitochondrial in both Ppif+/+ and Ppif-/- MEFs (data were collected from 2 independent experiments each perfor ...
Neuroblastoma Neuro-2a Cells Fas/APO
... of killing Fas1 Jurkat lymphocytes in vitro. Thereby, FasL positive tumors may impair the tumor immune surveillance. In contrast, tumors expressing FasL can induce granulocyte-mediated tumor rejection (30, 31). Therefore, these reports are inconsistent with regard to the role of FasL in the regulati ...
... of killing Fas1 Jurkat lymphocytes in vitro. Thereby, FasL positive tumors may impair the tumor immune surveillance. In contrast, tumors expressing FasL can induce granulocyte-mediated tumor rejection (30, 31). Therefore, these reports are inconsistent with regard to the role of FasL in the regulati ...
Boya
... DISTINCTIVE AND CLASSIC MORPHOLOGY OF PNEUMOCOCCUS (defined as lancet-shaped diplococci) ...
... DISTINCTIVE AND CLASSIC MORPHOLOGY OF PNEUMOCOCCUS (defined as lancet-shaped diplococci) ...
Thyroid from Stem cells Nature 2012
... day-22 cell cultures derived from the sequential Dox–rhTSH protocol for their capacity to organify iodide. The first evidence for active iodide organification was obtained by immunofluorescence detection of iodinated TG (TG-I) within the luminal compartment of follicular aggregates (Fig. 2g) using a ...
... day-22 cell cultures derived from the sequential Dox–rhTSH protocol for their capacity to organify iodide. The first evidence for active iodide organification was obtained by immunofluorescence detection of iodinated TG (TG-I) within the luminal compartment of follicular aggregates (Fig. 2g) using a ...
Clostridium difficile toxin synthesis is negatively regulated by TcdC
... The tcdA, tcdB and tcdR genes are transcribed during the stationary growth phase. The tcdC gene, however, is expressed during exponential phase. This expression pattern suggested that TcdC may act as a negative regulator of toxin gene expression. TcdC is a small acidic protein without any conserved ...
... The tcdA, tcdB and tcdR genes are transcribed during the stationary growth phase. The tcdC gene, however, is expressed during exponential phase. This expression pattern suggested that TcdC may act as a negative regulator of toxin gene expression. TcdC is a small acidic protein without any conserved ...
Receptor-mediated sorting of soluble vacuolar proteins: myths, facts
... VSRs are found in all land plants, as well as in several algae (chlorophytes, e.g. Chlamydomonas, Ostreococcus, and Micromonas) but not in rhodophytes or glaucophytes. A VSR is also present in the genome of the most simple eukaryotic organism, Ostreococcus tauri, a chlorophyte and the smallest known ...
... VSRs are found in all land plants, as well as in several algae (chlorophytes, e.g. Chlamydomonas, Ostreococcus, and Micromonas) but not in rhodophytes or glaucophytes. A VSR is also present in the genome of the most simple eukaryotic organism, Ostreococcus tauri, a chlorophyte and the smallest known ...
Functional and phylogenetic analyses of chromosome 21 promoters
... Despite quick gene induction, RNAPII stalling is also seen in genes that can be quickly shut down and might be used for the dual purpose of repressing gene expression and preparing genes for rapid induction [33]. Since ~70% of mammalian promoters contain CpG islands, and CGI genes are pivotal in 'ho ...
... Despite quick gene induction, RNAPII stalling is also seen in genes that can be quickly shut down and might be used for the dual purpose of repressing gene expression and preparing genes for rapid induction [33]. Since ~70% of mammalian promoters contain CpG islands, and CGI genes are pivotal in 'ho ...
Comprehensive Analysis of Human Cytomegalovirus MicroRNA
... maintenance of EBV latency [9]. Similarly, KSHV-encoded miR9 inhibits expression of the viral protein RTA and miR-K1 targets IkBa to activate the NF-kB pathway, which in turn prevents lytic infection of KSHV and promotes latency [10,11]. Viral miRNAs also regulate host immune responses and mediate v ...
... maintenance of EBV latency [9]. Similarly, KSHV-encoded miR9 inhibits expression of the viral protein RTA and miR-K1 targets IkBa to activate the NF-kB pathway, which in turn prevents lytic infection of KSHV and promotes latency [10,11]. Viral miRNAs also regulate host immune responses and mediate v ...
3`-UTR SIRF: A Database for Identifying Clusters of Whort
... Syntaxin 1A) mRNAs are localized to distal neurites, whereas two control mRNAs lacking repeated motifs in their 3'-UTR remain primarily in the cell body. Conclusion: Computational data generated with 3'-UTR SIRF indicate that hundreds of mammalian genes have an abundance of short CA-containing motif ...
... Syntaxin 1A) mRNAs are localized to distal neurites, whereas two control mRNAs lacking repeated motifs in their 3'-UTR remain primarily in the cell body. Conclusion: Computational data generated with 3'-UTR SIRF indicate that hundreds of mammalian genes have an abundance of short CA-containing motif ...
protease (NS34A) and an RNA polymerase
... the PINK1–parkin pathway, the role of direct phosphorylation of parkin by PINK1 seems more complex. Koyano and colleagues report that modification of both ubiquitin and parkin at serine-65 is necessary for full activation of parkin in cells. But Kane and colleagues found evidence that modification o ...
... the PINK1–parkin pathway, the role of direct phosphorylation of parkin by PINK1 seems more complex. Koyano and colleagues report that modification of both ubiquitin and parkin at serine-65 is necessary for full activation of parkin in cells. But Kane and colleagues found evidence that modification o ...
Gene expression profiling identifies genes associated
... Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx (OSCC) is of considerable public health significance. In the United States, it is estimated that nearly 35,000 new OSCC cases were diagnosed in 2007, and approximately 7,550 OSCC deaths are estimated to occur (http://www.cancer.org). World-wi ...
... Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx (OSCC) is of considerable public health significance. In the United States, it is estimated that nearly 35,000 new OSCC cases were diagnosed in 2007, and approximately 7,550 OSCC deaths are estimated to occur (http://www.cancer.org). World-wi ...