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ZOO-302CR:(1.4)CELL DIVISION AND CELL CYCLE
ZOO-302CR:(1.4)CELL DIVISION AND CELL CYCLE

... o If left unchecked, they can kill the organism Cancer cells do not exhibit contact inhibition o If cultured, they continue to grow on top of each other when the total area of the petri dish has been covered o They may produce required external growth factor (or override factors) themselves or posse ...
microcircuitry of bipolar cells in cat retina1
microcircuitry of bipolar cells in cat retina1

... categoriescould be associatedwith a distinctive cytology, synaptic circuitry, physiology, and chemistry. If such a classification could be developed,it would then be possibleto determine the patterns of contact made by each bipolar cell type with specific types of ganglion cells. Nelson and Kolb (19 ...
anatomy of the ear
anatomy of the ear

... tympanic membrane, or eardrum, the outer surface of which is skin lined. The tympanic membrane has a middle portion, which is fibrous tissue and an inner layer which is mucous membrane, the same sort of mucous membrane, generally speaking, as occurs in the rest of the airway, including the sinuses a ...
Hepatitis C Virus - Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
Hepatitis C Virus - Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology

Cell signalling - The Open University
Cell signalling - The Open University

... the same cell or group of cells it was secreted from. In development, autocrine signalling reinforces a particular developmental commitment of a cell type. Autocrine signalling can promote inappropriate proliferation, as may be the case in tumour cells. Endocrine signalling (Figure 3b (iii)) is a ki ...
Protists Cells: Grow and Develop:
Protists Cells: Grow and Develop:

... hertertrophs are Amoebas and Paramecium (animal like Protists) that move around to get their food. Other Protists are Photoautotrophs that make their own food from the sunlight. Algea is a great example of a photautotroph. Unlike the bacteria kingdoms scientists do not know of any Protists that are ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn

... have given substantial insight into the role of calcium in stomatal opening (Allen et al., 1999a,b) as well as the role of calcium gradients in growing pollen tubes (Michard et al., 2008), root hairs of Arabidopsis (Monshausen et al., 2007), Nod factorinduced nuclear calcium transients in M. truncat ...
Microtubule Associated Protein 1b (MAP1B) Is a Marker of the
Microtubule Associated Protein 1b (MAP1B) Is a Marker of the

... The cytoskeleton of most eukaryotic cells is principally composed of three distinct fiber types: actin-based microfilaments, a heterogeneous group of intermediate filaments, and microtubules (MTs). MTs are long, hollow fibers made of the protein Tubulin. They are essential for cellular structure, ce ...
pig-1_final 121812
pig-1_final 121812

... PIG-1 belongs to a superfamily of kinases that are directly regulated by the LKB1 kinase. Given that LKB1, along with its binding partners STRAD and MO25, have been shown to regulate polarity in different contexts (JANSEN et al. 2009), we asked whether the C. elegans orthologs of these genes are inv ...
Phototropism: Growing towards an Understanding of
Phototropism: Growing towards an Understanding of

... NONPHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL3 (NPH3) was originally identified as a phototropic loss-of-function mutant in Arabidopsis (Liscum and Briggs, 1995). NPH3 encodes a protein containing an N-terminal Broad-complex, Tramtrack, and Bric-á-brac (BTB) domain, a central NPH3 domain (Pfam, PF03000), and a C-terminal ...
Complement - microbiology and immunology on-line
Complement - microbiology and immunology on-line

... Activation product of complement proteins (nomenclature) Activated component are usually over-lined: e.g. C1qrs When enzymatically cleaved, the larger moiety, binds to the activation complex or membrane and the smaller peptide is released in the ...
A cell wall reference profile for Miscanthus bioenergy crops
A cell wall reference profile for Miscanthus bioenergy crops

Practice General
Practice General

... Four rows of simple columnar epithelium facing each other in pairs (left and right) across a narrow lumen or channel that lies in the middle of each pair. (This is a Mallory Trichrome stain.) The goblet cells are filled with blue mucoid secretion which is being poured into the narrow lumens. Notice ...
cell-substratum adhesion of neurite growth cones, and its role in
cell-substratum adhesion of neurite growth cones, and its role in

a b
a b

... arginine or histidine, most of which adopt an extended a-helical structure. Despite these very diverse structural motifs, most of these antimicrobial peptides are membrane-active agents. The net positive charges facilitate initial binding to the negatively charged bacterial membrane through an elect ...
Distinct cathepsins control necrotic cell death
Distinct cathepsins control necrotic cell death

... BALB/c-derived macrophages were primed with LPS, and subsequently challenged with 1.5 mM LLOMe, Me. While LLOMe killed murine 15 mM Nigericin or anthrax lethal toxin (LT) (500 ng/ml PA and 250 ng/ml LF) for 3 hours in the presence of monocytes, dendritic cells and neuincreasing doses of CA-074-Me. ( ...
PDF - SAGE Journals
PDF - SAGE Journals

... Methanococcus jannaschii is an autotrophic archaeon originally isolated from an oceanic thermal vent. The primary metabolic pathway for energy production in this hyperthermophilic microbe is methanogenesis from H2 and CO2. As an autotroph, M. jannaschii requires only CO2 as a carbon source for synth ...
Jen Salm
Jen Salm

... Alters macrophage transport proteins. Releases an osmotically active solute to increase fluid volume. Alters the interaction of the phagosome with other endocytic organelles. ...
Phosphorylation-Dependent Targeting of Tetrahymena HP1 to
Phosphorylation-Dependent Targeting of Tetrahymena HP1 to

... have roles in DNA repair, replication, RNA splicing, telomere maintenance, and transcriptional activation and elongation (reviewed in reference 7). In some cases, a single HP1 protein may have multiple nuclear functions. This versatility in function depends, in part, on specific interactions with oth ...
Cell Membrane Electroporation—Part 2
Cell Membrane Electroporation—Part 2

... and chemical extraction (such as alkaline lysis) are the principal methods. The main disadvantage of both is that cellular organelles (which are special subunits within a cell with specific functions, such as cell breathing, protein production, DNA maintenance) are also destroyed, and residual cell ...
Chloroplast Tubules Visualized in Transplastomic Plants Expressing
Chloroplast Tubules Visualized in Transplastomic Plants Expressing

Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy for characterisation of
Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy for characterisation of

... surfaces to allow preconcentration and/or chemistry to be performed. For example, the L1 chip allows formation of lipid bilayers; its surface has a dextran matrix modified with hydrophobic anchors enabling ...
Lungs
Lungs

... Each principal bronchus divides into lobar bronchi (two on the left, three on the right), each of which supplies a lobe of lung. Each lobar bronchus then divided into segmental bronchi, which supply specific segments of the lung. ...
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy

... of FRET imaging microscopy may include cellular events coupled to specific molecular signaling processes and simultaneous observation of a series of reversible molecular processes in living cells (Truong and Ikura, 2001). FRET data analysis Intensity-based FRET imaging microscopy suffers from variou ...
WAVE/Scars in platelets
WAVE/Scars in platelets

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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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