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Role of the ABC Transporter Ste6 in Cell Fusion during Yeast
Role of the ABC Transporter Ste6 in Cell Fusion during Yeast

... ceil gene was cloned by complementation of the mating defect of the ceil strain, LE4-89, using a CEN-based genomic library (33). A plasmid, pC2-1 containing the STE6 gene, was recovered when retransformed into the original LE4-89 strain was able to restore mating. STE6 Disruption andTagging. A STE6 ...
Drosophila ventral furrow morphogenesis: a
Drosophila ventral furrow morphogenesis: a

... genetically ventralized and lateralized embryos were used (St. Johnston and Nüsslein-Volhard, 1992; Ferguson and Anderson, 1992). Females that were heterozygous for Tl10b (Tl10b/+) produced ventralized embryos. Females that were heterozygous for Tl9Q (Tl9Q/+) and homozygous mutants for snk (snk073/s ...
The Drosophila wing differentiation factor Vestigial
The Drosophila wing differentiation factor Vestigial

... directly regulated by the E2F transcription factor.18 E2F forms a heterodimer with a subunit encoded by the DP gene family and its expression is required for S-phase transition. In quiescent or differentiated cells, the E2F-DP dimer is bound to the hypophosphorylated form of the retinoblastoma famil ...
Communication - Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
Communication - Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics

... To further define syntrophin-dystrophin interactions, the murine non-muscle 71-kDa dystrophin isoform corresponding to the sequence of DP-71 was in vitro translated with [35S]methionine as described above (20, 21). This probe was used to overlay skeletal muscle surface membranes and purified DGC sep ...
Electrical Properties of the Pacemaker Neurons in the Heart
Electrical Properties of the Pacemaker Neurons in the Heart

... for this spread were called side-connections, and from the physiological data it was presumed that they were so numerous that the fibers acted as a single fiber. Undoubtedly, the side-junctions, described above, supply the structural basis for the spread of spikes. In this paper we prefer to call th ...
Antisickling Activity and Membrane Stabilizing Effect of
Antisickling Activity and Membrane Stabilizing Effect of

... A. digitata barks. This Fig. 4 shows that in presence of anthocyanins extracted from A. digitata barks, the majority of sickle-shaped erythrocytes in sickle RBCs Fig. 1 reversed their shapes to the normal biconcave form. This indicates that the anthocyanins extract of A. digitata have the capacity t ...
Millius et al., J. Cell Sci., 2012 - Cardiovascular Research Institute
Millius et al., J. Cell Sci., 2012 - Cardiovascular Research Institute

... within 1 mm of the leading edge (Fig. 2G,H). The distribution of p40 might be more restricted than either actin or WAVE2 for several reasons: other Arp2/3 complex activators such as WASP or N-WASP in combination with WAVE2 might further bias Arp2/3 to the cell periphery, or undersampling of WAVE2 pa ...
atlas of dengue viruses morphology and morphogenesis
atlas of dengue viruses morphology and morphogenesis

... inside the cells where virus particles replicate until its (Barth, 1992; Ng & Corner, 1989). In relation to the genus Pestivirus, ultrastructural observations suggest that these viruses, like dengue viruses, remain inside cell vesicles and are released from the Golgi complex by exocytosis (Bielefeld ...
Figure 1 - Journal of The Royal Society Interface
Figure 1 - Journal of The Royal Society Interface

... The cell walls in plants are made up of just four basic building blocks: cellulose (the main structural fibre of the plant kingdom) hemicellulose, lignin and pectin. Although the microstructure of plant cell walls varies in different types of plants, broadly speaking, cellulose fibres reinforce a matr ...
Multiscale Systems Analysis of Root Growth and
Multiscale Systems Analysis of Root Growth and

Volume 1, Issue 1 - The Pharma Innovation
Volume 1, Issue 1 - The Pharma Innovation

Ribosomal proteins L5 and L15 Ivailo Simoff  in vivo
Ribosomal proteins L5 and L15 Ivailo Simoff in vivo

... Proteins are key components in all living organisms. For example they are structural components, chief providers of catalytic functions and regulators of metabolic processes in all living cells. Every protein molecule mirrors the complex information coded for by the genome. The linear information re ...
The Plant Cell - Utrecht University Repository
The Plant Cell - Utrecht University Repository

... In yeast and animals, the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) is an essential ubiquitin protein ligase that regulates mitotic progression and exit by controlling the stability of cell cycle regulatory proteins, such as securin and the mitotic cyclins. In plants, the function, regulation, ...
Structure-activity Relationships in Flexible Protein Domains
Structure-activity Relationships in Flexible Protein Domains

... GTPases in an inactive state. The GDIs are made up of two domains: a ¯exible N-terminal domain of about 70 amino acid residues and a folded 134-residue C-terminal domain. Here, we characterize the conformation of the N-terminal regions of both RhoGDI and D4GDI using a series of NMR experiments which ...
Perturbation of - Circulation Research
Perturbation of - Circulation Research

... ubiquitin. The ubiquitin E3 ligase plays the rate-limiting and specificity determination roles in ubiquitination. The largest family of ubiquitin E3 ligases is cullin-RING ligases (CRLs). In a CRL, cullin serves as a scaffold for other components of the E3 ligase to assemble and function. A classic ...
The linkage between cell wall metabolism and fruit
The linkage between cell wall metabolism and fruit

CONTRIBUTION OF DYSFERLIN-CONTAINING
CONTRIBUTION OF DYSFERLIN-CONTAINING

... its interaction with laminin [11]. Although the exact mechanism whereby mutations in DGC components cause muscular dystrophy is not entirely clear, a growing body of evidence suggests that loss of the DGC may reduce membrane stability and render cells susceptible to membrane wounding. This assertion ...
Architecture and Biosynthesis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cell
Architecture and Biosynthesis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cell

... more electron transparent, is microfibrillar and b-glucanasedigestible, indicating that its major components are glucans. The relative thicknesses of the two layers and their apparent organization can be altered in cell wall mutants. Relative amounts and localization of individual wall components var ...
Detergent-Insoluble Membrane Compartment CD20 Required for Its
Detergent-Insoluble Membrane Compartment CD20 Required for Its

... that binding of CD20 Abs to B cells induces the rapid redistribution of up to 95% of CD20 molecules to low density, detergentinsoluble membrane microdomains and induces the appearance of an approximately 50-kDa tyrosine-phosphorylated protein in the same compartment. Active relocalization of CD20 ma ...
A Simple and Sensitive Detection of OmpA Protein from Escherichia... Crystal Microbalance Jung-Chih Chen , S. Sadhasivam
A Simple and Sensitive Detection of OmpA Protein from Escherichia... Crystal Microbalance Jung-Chih Chen , S. Sadhasivam

... vaccine candidates, since they are usually abundant and are in direct contact with the host immune system. OmpA is abundant in the cell wall and conserved across different species, which suggests it has an important functional role in bacteria [1]. Earlier studies have shown that OmpA is one of the ...
pdf - Penn State University
pdf - Penn State University

... Department of Biology, 208 Mueller Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 ...
CELLS - Hudson City School District
CELLS - Hudson City School District

... Cytoplasm Fluid filled region between the plasma membrane and nucleus  (jello) ...
as a PDF
as a PDF

... the mother cell and during midanaphase asymmetrically to the spindle pole body located in the mother. In late anaphase it strongly associated with the bud neck. Whereas the role of Kin4 in mitotic exit inhibition in cells with a misaligned spindle has been studied in great detail, it is not clear ye ...
Cell cycle control of septin ring dynamics in the
Cell cycle control of septin ring dynamics in the

... cycle. This structure participates in different aspects of morphogenesis, such as selection of cell polarity, localization of chitin synthesis, the switch from hyperpolar to isotropic bud growth after bud emergence and the spatial regulation of septation. The septin cytoskeleton assembles at the pre ...
Identification of a Second Collagen-Like
Identification of a Second Collagen-Like

... desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS) and the carbohydrate components by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. Spore-specific sugars were also demonstrated to be components of BclB. as demonstrated by monoclonal antibody labeling. The peptide backbo ...
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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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