Free amino acids and proteins dynamics in somatic embryogenesis
... 2006). However, some specific analyzes should be done to determine the roles of specific amino acids. In fact, studies have shown that certain amino acids may be more efficient than others in this process (Garin et al., 2000; Booz et al., 2009). There are several studies on the biosynthesis and accu ...
... 2006). However, some specific analyzes should be done to determine the roles of specific amino acids. In fact, studies have shown that certain amino acids may be more efficient than others in this process (Garin et al., 2000; Booz et al., 2009). There are several studies on the biosynthesis and accu ...
Ultrastructural studies of t /t mouse embryos
... mitochondrial variants. Both homozygotes can be distinguished from their litter-mates as early as the 2-cell stage by the presence of nuclear lipid droplets and excessive cytoplasmic lipid. In addition, both homozygous mutant embryos often contain binucleate cells, especially in the later cleavage s ...
... mitochondrial variants. Both homozygotes can be distinguished from their litter-mates as early as the 2-cell stage by the presence of nuclear lipid droplets and excessive cytoplasmic lipid. In addition, both homozygous mutant embryos often contain binucleate cells, especially in the later cleavage s ...
On the Status of the Anterior Processes of th Male
... rated into the pygofer that they are difficult to recognize. Among the fulgorids they are most plainly to be seen in the Tettigometridae, the most generalized of the superfamily. The genus Ellry",ela" and its allies fonn some of the most generalized of the Jassidae, and among them we find the genita ...
... rated into the pygofer that they are difficult to recognize. Among the fulgorids they are most plainly to be seen in the Tettigometridae, the most generalized of the superfamily. The genus Ellry",ela" and its allies fonn some of the most generalized of the Jassidae, and among them we find the genita ...
Transmembrane Fragment Structures of Amyloid Precursor Protein
... the headgroup region (chemically distinct in neural DPC and anionic LMPG). Comparison of the results between the bilayer and micelle (Figure 2, top and bottom) shows the quantitative difference, which is the first indication that the surface curvature of the membrane affects the conformational ensemble ...
... the headgroup region (chemically distinct in neural DPC and anionic LMPG). Comparison of the results between the bilayer and micelle (Figure 2, top and bottom) shows the quantitative difference, which is the first indication that the surface curvature of the membrane affects the conformational ensemble ...
Culm strenth of a rice brittle mutant
... The cellulose in cell wall provides not only the necessary strength to resist the turgor pressure in plant cells but also has a distinct role in maintaining the size, shape and division/differentiation potential of most plant cells and ultimately the direction of plant growth. The deposition of cell ...
... The cellulose in cell wall provides not only the necessary strength to resist the turgor pressure in plant cells but also has a distinct role in maintaining the size, shape and division/differentiation potential of most plant cells and ultimately the direction of plant growth. The deposition of cell ...
A Novel Recombinant Plasma Membrane
... kept in the continuous presence of 0.2 mg/ml G418 sulfate (Geneticin; Calbiochem, La Jolla, CA). ACN cells were transfected with pmeLUC by Lipofectamine (Invitrogen) and tested 24 h after transfection. Briefly, cells were incubated in 250 l serum-free transfection medium (OPTIMEM) in the presence o ...
... kept in the continuous presence of 0.2 mg/ml G418 sulfate (Geneticin; Calbiochem, La Jolla, CA). ACN cells were transfected with pmeLUC by Lipofectamine (Invitrogen) and tested 24 h after transfection. Briefly, cells were incubated in 250 l serum-free transfection medium (OPTIMEM) in the presence o ...
Analysis of relative risk factors for diabetic nephropathy/XU
... formation of iso-peptide bond between glycine in the C-terminal of SUMO and lysine in ε-amino side chain of target protein. The reactions is enzymatic cascade which is similar to ubiquitination. Function of sumoylation: target proteins of SUMO are mainly distributed in nucleus and nuclear pore compl ...
... formation of iso-peptide bond between glycine in the C-terminal of SUMO and lysine in ε-amino side chain of target protein. The reactions is enzymatic cascade which is similar to ubiquitination. Function of sumoylation: target proteins of SUMO are mainly distributed in nucleus and nuclear pore compl ...
Functional interaction between a novel protein phosphatase 2A
... the consensus start of translation as de®ned by Kozak (1992). There are no in-frame stop codons in the cDNA upstream of these putative AUG initiator codons. To ask which of the two possible AUG codons is used as a start of translation, we transcribed both the full length cDNA and a 5' truncated cDNA ...
... the consensus start of translation as de®ned by Kozak (1992). There are no in-frame stop codons in the cDNA upstream of these putative AUG initiator codons. To ask which of the two possible AUG codons is used as a start of translation, we transcribed both the full length cDNA and a 5' truncated cDNA ...
The proPO and clotting system in crustaceans
... arthropods is rapidly progressing, whereas shrimp immunity research has been a subject of minor interest compared to similar research performed on other crustaceans and insects. The penaeid shrimp can be a good model to use mainly because they are short lived compared to many other crustaceans. In t ...
... arthropods is rapidly progressing, whereas shrimp immunity research has been a subject of minor interest compared to similar research performed on other crustaceans and insects. The penaeid shrimp can be a good model to use mainly because they are short lived compared to many other crustaceans. In t ...
Cell Wall, Cytoskeleton, and Cell Expansion in Higher Plants
... from cell wall self-assembly. Although these findings did not take several factors into account, including the incorporation of other wall polymers, turgor-driven expansion, and other biophysical forces, it is clear that microtubules play a primary role in determining the overall pattern of wall arc ...
... from cell wall self-assembly. Although these findings did not take several factors into account, including the incorporation of other wall polymers, turgor-driven expansion, and other biophysical forces, it is clear that microtubules play a primary role in determining the overall pattern of wall arc ...
Arbuscular mycorrhiza: the mother of plant root endosymbioses
... is currently much interest in the molecular identification of fungal signalling molecules that induce symbiosis-specific responses in the host root (collectively called Myc factors). The existence of such molecules became apparent in experiments in which direct contact between the fungus and plant w ...
... is currently much interest in the molecular identification of fungal signalling molecules that induce symbiosis-specific responses in the host root (collectively called Myc factors). The existence of such molecules became apparent in experiments in which direct contact between the fungus and plant w ...
Introduction to Microbiology
... Microbiology is the study of organisms, called micro-organisms, that are too small to be perceived clearly by the unaided eye. If an object has a diameter of less than 0.1 mm, the eye cannot perceive it at all, and very little detail can be perceived in an object with a diameter of 1 mm. In general, ...
... Microbiology is the study of organisms, called micro-organisms, that are too small to be perceived clearly by the unaided eye. If an object has a diameter of less than 0.1 mm, the eye cannot perceive it at all, and very little detail can be perceived in an object with a diameter of 1 mm. In general, ...
Metabolite transport across the peroxisomal membrane
... operate as a monomer). The significance of this marked difference is unknown, but clearly the situation in A. thaliana is not necessarily representative for other organisms. Alternatively, the results of Fulda et al. [21] may also be explained if A. thaliana PXA1 would be involved in the transport o ...
... operate as a monomer). The significance of this marked difference is unknown, but clearly the situation in A. thaliana is not necessarily representative for other organisms. Alternatively, the results of Fulda et al. [21] may also be explained if A. thaliana PXA1 would be involved in the transport o ...
Secondary embryonic axis formation by
... D quadrant micromeres 2d and 4d are essential for axis formation To re-examine the developmental role of 2d and 4d in Tubifex development, we ablated the two D quadrant micromeres (i.e. 2d11 and 4d; see Fig. 1D) of 22-cell stage embryos by means of fine glass needles and cultured them for 9 days. Al ...
... D quadrant micromeres 2d and 4d are essential for axis formation To re-examine the developmental role of 2d and 4d in Tubifex development, we ablated the two D quadrant micromeres (i.e. 2d11 and 4d; see Fig. 1D) of 22-cell stage embryos by means of fine glass needles and cultured them for 9 days. Al ...
1 Cell wall integrity controls root elongation via ACC Corresponding
... treated with both isoxaben and AVG showed dramatic symptoms of cell wall defects such as blebbing (Fig. 2B) while this was practically never seen when isoxaben alone was applied. These observations demonstrate that cell expansion can proceed despite cell wall defects. The reduction of elongation tri ...
... treated with both isoxaben and AVG showed dramatic symptoms of cell wall defects such as blebbing (Fig. 2B) while this was practically never seen when isoxaben alone was applied. These observations demonstrate that cell expansion can proceed despite cell wall defects. The reduction of elongation tri ...
Introduction - ART
... Single protein ring-type E3S: In this subgroup, the RING finger constitutes a functional portion of a single protein, in which a protein interaction domain or domains are also present for the substrate recruitment. One of the earliest identified E3s of this subgroup is Cbl. Cbl is a 120 kDa protoonc ...
... Single protein ring-type E3S: In this subgroup, the RING finger constitutes a functional portion of a single protein, in which a protein interaction domain or domains are also present for the substrate recruitment. One of the earliest identified E3s of this subgroup is Cbl. Cbl is a 120 kDa protoonc ...
Regulation of plasmodesmal transport by phosphorylation of
... plasmodesmal transport of MP in N.benthamiana is not regulated by MP phosphorylation. To characterize quantitatively the effects of microinjected MP and its derivatives on plasmodesmal permeability, the extent of dextran movement was determined on a per cell basis. Figure 4 shows that, at the end of ...
... plasmodesmal transport of MP in N.benthamiana is not regulated by MP phosphorylation. To characterize quantitatively the effects of microinjected MP and its derivatives on plasmodesmal permeability, the extent of dextran movement was determined on a per cell basis. Figure 4 shows that, at the end of ...
Calcium binding chaperones of the endoplasmic reticulum
... Introduction The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of eukaryotic cells is an extensive, continuous network of membrane tubules and is a separate metabolic compartment that houses many functions critical to the survival of a cell (Baumann and Walz 2001; Schroder 2008). The ER lumen provides a unique environ ...
... Introduction The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of eukaryotic cells is an extensive, continuous network of membrane tubules and is a separate metabolic compartment that houses many functions critical to the survival of a cell (Baumann and Walz 2001; Schroder 2008). The ER lumen provides a unique environ ...
Calcium-Containing Organelles Display Unique Reactivity to
... Figure 6. Cellular calcium responses to a brief application of caffeine (A) and glutamate (B and C). A, Exposure to a pulse application of caffeine (5 mM, 300 msec pulse, n 5 11 cells) caused a transient rise in [Ca]i, which initially started in CCOs (see the insert amplification of the first part o ...
... Figure 6. Cellular calcium responses to a brief application of caffeine (A) and glutamate (B and C). A, Exposure to a pulse application of caffeine (5 mM, 300 msec pulse, n 5 11 cells) caused a transient rise in [Ca]i, which initially started in CCOs (see the insert amplification of the first part o ...