Role of the leader sequence in tobacco pectin methylesterase
... 0014-5793/$32.00 2006 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ...
... 0014-5793/$32.00 2006 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ...
Pontin and Reptin regulate cell proliferation in early Xenopus
... We then asked whether xPontin or xReptin are required for cell proliferation. For this purpose, antisense morpholino oligonucleotides against xPontin (PMo) and xReptin (RMo) were designed. Corresponding morpholino oligonucleotides with 4 mismatched bases were generated as control (CoMo). Antisense, ...
... We then asked whether xPontin or xReptin are required for cell proliferation. For this purpose, antisense morpholino oligonucleotides against xPontin (PMo) and xReptin (RMo) were designed. Corresponding morpholino oligonucleotides with 4 mismatched bases were generated as control (CoMo). Antisense, ...
1. The BCL-2 Family Reunion.
... (Figure 1A) (Riedl and Salvesen, 2007). Temporally, MOMP indeterminately occurs following proapoptotic stress, but studies suggest that this timing is dependent on the concentrations of diverse cellular proteins (Spencer et al., 2009). After MOMP, caspase activation and apoptosis ensue often within ...
... (Figure 1A) (Riedl and Salvesen, 2007). Temporally, MOMP indeterminately occurs following proapoptotic stress, but studies suggest that this timing is dependent on the concentrations of diverse cellular proteins (Spencer et al., 2009). After MOMP, caspase activation and apoptosis ensue often within ...
Smooth Muscle Smooth Muscle Structure
... Sexual stimulation initiates the release of NO from nerve endings and cells inside the penis. Nitric Oxide then activates specific enzymes which result in increased levels of cGMP. Its actually cGMP that causes the smooth muscle around the penile arteries to relax, allowing these arteries to dilate. ...
... Sexual stimulation initiates the release of NO from nerve endings and cells inside the penis. Nitric Oxide then activates specific enzymes which result in increased levels of cGMP. Its actually cGMP that causes the smooth muscle around the penile arteries to relax, allowing these arteries to dilate. ...
Auxin and other signals on the move in plants
... by one or several different transport mechanisms. Mineral nutrients, such as nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium and potassium, are taken up from the soil as inorganic materials, assimilated into organic compounds and transported through the plant depending on the balance between nutrie ...
... by one or several different transport mechanisms. Mineral nutrients, such as nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium and potassium, are taken up from the soil as inorganic materials, assimilated into organic compounds and transported through the plant depending on the balance between nutrie ...
Protein Cross-linkers handbook and selection guide
... esters or the water soluble, membrane impermeable N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (sulfo-NHS) esters. Addition of a charged sulfonate (SO3-) on the N-hydroxysuccinimide ring of the sulfo-NHS esters results in their solubility in water (~10mM), but not permeable to plasma membranes. The solubility and impe ...
... esters or the water soluble, membrane impermeable N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (sulfo-NHS) esters. Addition of a charged sulfonate (SO3-) on the N-hydroxysuccinimide ring of the sulfo-NHS esters results in their solubility in water (~10mM), but not permeable to plasma membranes. The solubility and impe ...
physiology of ion transport across the tonoplast of higher plants
... It is not surprising that the first plant vacuolar transport protein(s) to be cloned belong to the vacuolar type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase). These primary active transporters represent a ubiquitous class of proton pumps that are found on a variety of cellular organelles including lysosomes, endosomes, sec ...
... It is not surprising that the first plant vacuolar transport protein(s) to be cloned belong to the vacuolar type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase). These primary active transporters represent a ubiquitous class of proton pumps that are found on a variety of cellular organelles including lysosomes, endosomes, sec ...
A molecular framework for the inhibition of
... Ioio et al. 2007). In addition to auxin and cytokinin, other hormones have been recognized as modulating root development, such as gibberellins, ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA). It has recently been shown that gibberellins regulate Arabidopsis root growth by promoting cell proliferation (Achard et ...
... Ioio et al. 2007). In addition to auxin and cytokinin, other hormones have been recognized as modulating root development, such as gibberellins, ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA). It has recently been shown that gibberellins regulate Arabidopsis root growth by promoting cell proliferation (Achard et ...
Stimulation of Cell Elongation by Tetraploidy in Hypocotyls of Dark
... autopolyploidy and endopolyploidy, both of which have been correlated with cytoplasmic volume and, hence, cell growth [1]. Endopolyploidy, which is essential for angiosperm development, is controlled by an endoreduplication cycle whereby the genome is duplicated without cellular division. Conversely ...
... autopolyploidy and endopolyploidy, both of which have been correlated with cytoplasmic volume and, hence, cell growth [1]. Endopolyploidy, which is essential for angiosperm development, is controlled by an endoreduplication cycle whereby the genome is duplicated without cellular division. Conversely ...
Actin-dependent vacuolar occupancy of the cell determines auxin
... projections (Fig. 1 D–F), suggesting a higher degree of actin filament bundling (14) in entire cells. Our data suggest that auxin signaling also influences actin-dependent processes beyond the plasma membrane, leading to a tighter network of actin filaments. We recently reported that auxin controls ...
... projections (Fig. 1 D–F), suggesting a higher degree of actin filament bundling (14) in entire cells. Our data suggest that auxin signaling also influences actin-dependent processes beyond the plasma membrane, leading to a tighter network of actin filaments. We recently reported that auxin controls ...
Charakterisierung peroxisomaler und Lipid
... Mitotracker Orange to stain the mitochondria. The bar represents 1 mm, unless indicated otherwise. L, lipid body; M, mitochondrion; N, nucleus; P, peroxisome; V, vacuole. Taken with modifications from (107). The peroxisomal matrix harbours at least 50 different enzymes that are linked to diverse bio ...
... Mitotracker Orange to stain the mitochondria. The bar represents 1 mm, unless indicated otherwise. L, lipid body; M, mitochondrion; N, nucleus; P, peroxisome; V, vacuole. Taken with modifications from (107). The peroxisomal matrix harbours at least 50 different enzymes that are linked to diverse bio ...
The safe and just space - University of Copenhagen
... absence of extracellular calcium. The ionophore renders membranes permeable to calcium, thereby releasing intracellular stores of calcium in the absence of a physiological stimulus. Treatment with the calcium ionophore mimicked the effect of IP3, thus implicating calcium as an intermediary in the IP ...
... absence of extracellular calcium. The ionophore renders membranes permeable to calcium, thereby releasing intracellular stores of calcium in the absence of a physiological stimulus. Treatment with the calcium ionophore mimicked the effect of IP3, thus implicating calcium as an intermediary in the IP ...
Analysis of the Juxtamembrane Dileucine Motif in the Insulin Receptor
... To investigate the importance of the dileucine pair at positions 986 and 987 in the juxtamembrane domain of the insulin receptor, we mutated the LeuLeu residues to MetSer and AlaAla, and expressed the various recombinant receptors in NIH-3T3 cells. Metabolic labeling studies confirmed that the mutan ...
... To investigate the importance of the dileucine pair at positions 986 and 987 in the juxtamembrane domain of the insulin receptor, we mutated the LeuLeu residues to MetSer and AlaAla, and expressed the various recombinant receptors in NIH-3T3 cells. Metabolic labeling studies confirmed that the mutan ...
K transport in plants: Physiology and molecular biology Mark W. Szczerba
... Bloom, 2005; Gierth and Mäser, 2007; Lebaudy et al., 2007; Britto and Kronzucker, 2008). The high-affinity transport system (HATS) is a saturable system catalyzing the thermodynamically active uptake of K+ at low concentrations (o1 mM). The active influx of K+ is thought to be coupled to the passive ...
... Bloom, 2005; Gierth and Mäser, 2007; Lebaudy et al., 2007; Britto and Kronzucker, 2008). The high-affinity transport system (HATS) is a saturable system catalyzing the thermodynamically active uptake of K+ at low concentrations (o1 mM). The active influx of K+ is thought to be coupled to the passive ...
Mitochondrial Proton Leak and the Uncoupling Proteins
... amino acid identity to UCP1. An important feature of UCP2 was that it appeared to be expressed in nearly all cell types and could thus be a candidate for the mechanism of the ubiquitous basal proton conductance. This initial interpretation has since been revised somewhat. For example, UCP2 mRNA orig ...
... amino acid identity to UCP1. An important feature of UCP2 was that it appeared to be expressed in nearly all cell types and could thus be a candidate for the mechanism of the ubiquitous basal proton conductance. This initial interpretation has since been revised somewhat. For example, UCP2 mRNA orig ...
A Difference between Rods and Cones in the Renewal of Outer
... component of newly assembled membranous discs, which are then gradually displaced sclerally. In cones, however, no such concentration of radioactive protein has been observed. On the contrary, protein delivered to the outer segment becomes diffusely distributed throughout that structure. TJuis, in t ...
... component of newly assembled membranous discs, which are then gradually displaced sclerally. In cones, however, no such concentration of radioactive protein has been observed. On the contrary, protein delivered to the outer segment becomes diffusely distributed throughout that structure. TJuis, in t ...
Bacterial chromosome segregation
... defined time in the cell cycle and at the single, defined site on the chromosome, the replication origin oriC. The oriC region usually contains binding sites for the initiator protein DnaA (DnaA boxes) and repeats of an AT-rich sequence (13-mers) (reviewed by Thomas & Jagura-Burdzy, 1991). The chrom ...
... defined time in the cell cycle and at the single, defined site on the chromosome, the replication origin oriC. The oriC region usually contains binding sites for the initiator protein DnaA (DnaA boxes) and repeats of an AT-rich sequence (13-mers) (reviewed by Thomas & Jagura-Burdzy, 1991). The chrom ...
Diatoms
... Most of the time, diatoms reproduce asexually by mitotic cell divisions. Each daughter cell receives half the cell wall of the original diatom and ...
... Most of the time, diatoms reproduce asexually by mitotic cell divisions. Each daughter cell receives half the cell wall of the original diatom and ...
PDF
... Mammalian lenses develop from a surface ectoderm-derived vesicle. The anterior cells of the vesicle differentiate into lens epithelial cells, while the cells that make up the posterior half of the vesicle differentiate into primary fiber cells. A single layer of epithelial cells lines the anterior h ...
... Mammalian lenses develop from a surface ectoderm-derived vesicle. The anterior cells of the vesicle differentiate into lens epithelial cells, while the cells that make up the posterior half of the vesicle differentiate into primary fiber cells. A single layer of epithelial cells lines the anterior h ...