Chapter One The Human Body: An Orientation
... 1. Layers of water molecules around large charged molecules such as proteins, shielding them from the effects of other charged substances (colloids) iv. Water serves as the body’s major transport medium d. Reactivity i. Hydrolysis - decomposition reactions using water 1. Foods are broken down into b ...
... 1. Layers of water molecules around large charged molecules such as proteins, shielding them from the effects of other charged substances (colloids) iv. Water serves as the body’s major transport medium d. Reactivity i. Hydrolysis - decomposition reactions using water 1. Foods are broken down into b ...
The lipid droplet is an important organelle for
... The lipid droplet (LD) is an organelle that is used for the storage of neutral lipids. It dynamically moves through the cytoplasm, interacting with other organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)1–3. These interactions are thought to facilitate the transport of lipids and proteins to othe ...
... The lipid droplet (LD) is an organelle that is used for the storage of neutral lipids. It dynamically moves through the cytoplasm, interacting with other organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)1–3. These interactions are thought to facilitate the transport of lipids and proteins to othe ...
Comparison of pseudotyping systems and their use in virus entry
... The vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a virus in the genus of vesiculovirus of the Rhabdoviridae family, the same as the Rabies virus. Virions of VSV and most Rhabdoviridae are bullet-shaped and enveloped. Its genome consists of a single-stranded negative RNA molecule of 11-15 kb bound to the nucl ...
... The vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a virus in the genus of vesiculovirus of the Rhabdoviridae family, the same as the Rabies virus. Virions of VSV and most Rhabdoviridae are bullet-shaped and enveloped. Its genome consists of a single-stranded negative RNA molecule of 11-15 kb bound to the nucl ...
Functions and Mechanisms of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF
... of glial cells around the axons, an important process that precedes enveloping axonal processes and thus providing insulation during neuronal activity (Figure 1C). The embryonic central nervous system runs in two rows of longitudinal axon tracts on each side of the ventral midline surrounded by thei ...
... of glial cells around the axons, an important process that precedes enveloping axonal processes and thus providing insulation during neuronal activity (Figure 1C). The embryonic central nervous system runs in two rows of longitudinal axon tracts on each side of the ventral midline surrounded by thei ...
Novel role for the Lu/BCAM–spectrin interaction in actin cytoskeleton
... common form in nucleated cells. Moreover, αI-spectrin is not expressed in epithelial cells. Each spectrin subunit is organized as an alignment of spectrin repeats, made up of three α-helices each; α-spectrins contain 20 spectrin repeats. In RBCs, the Lu/BCAMbinding site in αI-spectrin has been delim ...
... common form in nucleated cells. Moreover, αI-spectrin is not expressed in epithelial cells. Each spectrin subunit is organized as an alignment of spectrin repeats, made up of three α-helices each; α-spectrins contain 20 spectrin repeats. In RBCs, the Lu/BCAMbinding site in αI-spectrin has been delim ...
Post-transcriptional regulation of auxin transport proteins: cellular
... Post-transcriptional regulation of auxin transport proteins | 1095 mutational analysis indicates that PIN3 functions in tropic responses, activation of its transport activity near sites of illumination could be expected to accelerate auxin movement out of tissues on the illuminated (non-bending sid ...
... Post-transcriptional regulation of auxin transport proteins | 1095 mutational analysis indicates that PIN3 functions in tropic responses, activation of its transport activity near sites of illumination could be expected to accelerate auxin movement out of tissues on the illuminated (non-bending sid ...
Protein 4.2 interaction with hereditary spherocytosis mutants of the
... panel) and include a central β-strand. This isoform exchanges Cl − for HCO3 − at the basolateral membrane of α-intercalated cells in the collecting ducts of the distal nephron [20]. The cytoplasmic domain of kAE1 (cdkAE1) is less stable than erythroid cdAE1 and exists in a more open structure [21]. ...
... panel) and include a central β-strand. This isoform exchanges Cl − for HCO3 − at the basolateral membrane of α-intercalated cells in the collecting ducts of the distal nephron [20]. The cytoplasmic domain of kAE1 (cdkAE1) is less stable than erythroid cdAE1 and exists in a more open structure [21]. ...
Modeling the Gastric Mill Central Pattern Generator of the Lobster
... FIG. 1. A: network diagram for the gastric mill central pattern generator (CPG). Circles represent cells. Overlapping circles represent multiple cells that are regarded as identical for modeling purposes. All but the 2 E cells are in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG). The key to the types of connect ...
... FIG. 1. A: network diagram for the gastric mill central pattern generator (CPG). Circles represent cells. Overlapping circles represent multiple cells that are regarded as identical for modeling purposes. All but the 2 E cells are in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG). The key to the types of connect ...
factors that influence regeneration of the neuromuscular junction
... Each skeletal muscle fibre in frogs, as in mammals, is ensheathed by several concentric layers (Uehara, Campbell & Burnstock, 1976; Sanes, Marshall & McMahan, 1978). The myofibre surface, a typical lipid-rich osmiophilic plasma membrane, is coated by a thin carbohydrate-rich glycocalyx. Separated fr ...
... Each skeletal muscle fibre in frogs, as in mammals, is ensheathed by several concentric layers (Uehara, Campbell & Burnstock, 1976; Sanes, Marshall & McMahan, 1978). The myofibre surface, a typical lipid-rich osmiophilic plasma membrane, is coated by a thin carbohydrate-rich glycocalyx. Separated fr ...
Molecular authenticity of neoplastic and normal lymphocytic leukemia patients
... do not proliferate in vitro and quickly die by growth factor deprivation. The analytical options of these co-cultures are limited even though the CLL cells can be activated and stimulated for several divisions [8]. Cultures of CLL-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines (CLL-LCLs) continue to produce mAbs ...
... do not proliferate in vitro and quickly die by growth factor deprivation. The analytical options of these co-cultures are limited even though the CLL cells can be activated and stimulated for several divisions [8]. Cultures of CLL-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines (CLL-LCLs) continue to produce mAbs ...
Gene Section MAPRE1 (Microtubule-associated protein, RP/EB family, member 1)
... EB1 is important in spindle positioning within the cell. This is thought to be due to its effects on astral microtubule dynamic instability. In budding yeast, EB1 also plays a role in positioning the mitotic spindle through the bud neck. In this case, it is through microtubule dynamics as well direc ...
... EB1 is important in spindle positioning within the cell. This is thought to be due to its effects on astral microtubule dynamic instability. In budding yeast, EB1 also plays a role in positioning the mitotic spindle through the bud neck. In this case, it is through microtubule dynamics as well direc ...
Figure 6.1: Toluidine blue (TB) resin section illustrating the full
... combination of light and dark cells staining with the dark cells being slimmer and at times shorter than the neighbouring light cells (Fig. 6.4). The apical and basal cytoplasm was filled with PAS-positive (pink-staining) granules, giving these cells the appearance of slender goblet cells (Fig. 6.5) ...
... combination of light and dark cells staining with the dark cells being slimmer and at times shorter than the neighbouring light cells (Fig. 6.4). The apical and basal cytoplasm was filled with PAS-positive (pink-staining) granules, giving these cells the appearance of slender goblet cells (Fig. 6.5) ...
A Comprehensive Mutational Analysis of the
... showed that compared with the functional RPW8.2 allele from accession Ms-0 (designated R82Ms-0), Thr-64 to Ser (T64S), Asp-116 to Gly (D116G), and Thr-161 to Lys (T161K) substitutions are present in alleles from most accessions that are susceptible to powdery mildew (Figure 5 in Orgil et al., 2007). ...
... showed that compared with the functional RPW8.2 allele from accession Ms-0 (designated R82Ms-0), Thr-64 to Ser (T64S), Asp-116 to Gly (D116G), and Thr-161 to Lys (T161K) substitutions are present in alleles from most accessions that are susceptible to powdery mildew (Figure 5 in Orgil et al., 2007). ...
Viability and Cytotoxicity Assay Kits for Diverse Cell Types
... discrimination is reduced but can still be detected, even after 24 hours (Figure 15.29). Independence from enzymatic activity. Because it relies on two nucleic acid stains that differ in their membrane permeability, this assay equates loss of cell viability with loss of membrane integrity. Consequen ...
... discrimination is reduced but can still be detected, even after 24 hours (Figure 15.29). Independence from enzymatic activity. Because it relies on two nucleic acid stains that differ in their membrane permeability, this assay equates loss of cell viability with loss of membrane integrity. Consequen ...
A Genetically Encoded Optical Neurotechnique Probe of Membrane
... the fluorescent signal is expanded in time in a way that makes the signal 30-fold easier to detect. A voltage sensor encoded into DNA has the advantage that it may be introduced into an organism noninvasively and targeted to specific developmental stages, brain regions, cell types, and subcellular c ...
... the fluorescent signal is expanded in time in a way that makes the signal 30-fold easier to detect. A voltage sensor encoded into DNA has the advantage that it may be introduced into an organism noninvasively and targeted to specific developmental stages, brain regions, cell types, and subcellular c ...
Humoral Immune Responses to Epstein-Barr virus encoded Tumor Associated Proteins and
... (4, 26, 30, 31, 36, 42, 45). Previous studies indicated that LMP1 is a protein with a low immunogenicity for the humoral immune response in humans. In NPC only 7.5% (3/40) patients had low serum levels of LMP1 directed antibodies, whereas antibodies to LMP2A/2B were detected at low titer in about 40 ...
... (4, 26, 30, 31, 36, 42, 45). Previous studies indicated that LMP1 is a protein with a low immunogenicity for the humoral immune response in humans. In NPC only 7.5% (3/40) patients had low serum levels of LMP1 directed antibodies, whereas antibodies to LMP2A/2B were detected at low titer in about 40 ...
The Mouth
... The filiform papillae are numerous, minutes, pointed projections which cover all of the oral part of the dorsum and the margins of the tongue. They are in rows parallel to the sulcus terminalis posteriorly, but transverse anteriorly. Their cornified apices may be broken up into thread-like processes ...
... The filiform papillae are numerous, minutes, pointed projections which cover all of the oral part of the dorsum and the margins of the tongue. They are in rows parallel to the sulcus terminalis posteriorly, but transverse anteriorly. Their cornified apices may be broken up into thread-like processes ...
FKBP12-rapamycin-associated protein associates
... FRAP immune-complexes. Jurkat cells were lysed as described in Materials and Methods and the cell lysate was used to isolate FRAP immune-complexes by using an anti-FRAP polyclonal antibody. Coomassie-stained gel shows resolution of immmune-complex obtained by using a mock antibody (MOCK2) and the FR ...
... FRAP immune-complexes. Jurkat cells were lysed as described in Materials and Methods and the cell lysate was used to isolate FRAP immune-complexes by using an anti-FRAP polyclonal antibody. Coomassie-stained gel shows resolution of immmune-complex obtained by using a mock antibody (MOCK2) and the FR ...
Molecular mechanism of protrusion formation during Listeria Keith Ireton Luciano A. Rigano
... steps 1–3). Cytosolic bacteria stimulate the assembly of actin filaments, resulting in intracellular motility (step 4). Listeria and Shigella have mechanisms to evade autophagy- a host degradative pathway that would other otherwise kill cytoplasmic microbes (Cemma and Brumell, 2012; Mostowy and Coss ...
... steps 1–3). Cytosolic bacteria stimulate the assembly of actin filaments, resulting in intracellular motility (step 4). Listeria and Shigella have mechanisms to evade autophagy- a host degradative pathway that would other otherwise kill cytoplasmic microbes (Cemma and Brumell, 2012; Mostowy and Coss ...
The zebrafish midblastula transition - Development
... indicating possible MBT-like cell cycle lengthening. In studies on the loach, Misgurnus fossilis, Rott and Shevelava (1967) found a more defined cell cycle lengthening, which did not occur until cycle 11, and, in the same study, they found the equivalent cell cycle lengthening in haploid embryos occ ...
... indicating possible MBT-like cell cycle lengthening. In studies on the loach, Misgurnus fossilis, Rott and Shevelava (1967) found a more defined cell cycle lengthening, which did not occur until cycle 11, and, in the same study, they found the equivalent cell cycle lengthening in haploid embryos occ ...
Pontin and Reptin regulate cell proliferation in early Xenopus
... We then asked whether xPontin or xReptin are required for cell proliferation. For this purpose, antisense morpholino oligonucleotides against xPontin (PMo) and xReptin (RMo) were designed. Corresponding morpholino oligonucleotides with 4 mismatched bases were generated as control (CoMo). Antisense, ...
... We then asked whether xPontin or xReptin are required for cell proliferation. For this purpose, antisense morpholino oligonucleotides against xPontin (PMo) and xReptin (RMo) were designed. Corresponding morpholino oligonucleotides with 4 mismatched bases were generated as control (CoMo). Antisense, ...