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Changes in Plant Mitochondrial Electron Transport Alter Cellular
Changes in Plant Mitochondrial Electron Transport Alter Cellular

... Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) lacking mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) have been compared with wild-type (Wt) tobacco using two different systems, either suspension cell cultures or leaves. In both systems, a lack of AOX was accompanied by an increase in some antioxidant defenses, co ...
In vivo single-RNA tracking shows that most tRNA diffuses freely in
In vivo single-RNA tracking shows that most tRNA diffuses freely in

... to the human U1A protein (7), which directly binds to specific RNA hairpin sequences. However, FPs are less bright and photostable than organic fluorophores (8,9) and require more than 24 copies of MS2 binding sites (accommodating 48 GFPs) to localize single mRNA molecules (10), making the MS2 array ...
salinity change and cell volume: the response of tissues from the
salinity change and cell volume: the response of tissues from the

... osmoconforming animals living in estuarine environments is the ability to regulate cell volume. For estuarine bivalves, the hemolymph osmolality typically varies directly with that of the external solution and cells will shrink or swell during a salinity change unless cellular mechanisms are invoked ...
In Vitro Assays Demonstrate That Pollen Tube Organelles Use
In Vitro Assays Demonstrate That Pollen Tube Organelles Use

... Studies of cytoplasmic streaming have revealed that organelle transport in plant cells is an AF-dependent process. Dynamic interactions between AFs and membranes are responsible for vesicle movement during secretion, endocytosis, mitochondrial inheritance, the maintenance of an even distribution of ...
Developing Technology-Based Biology Assessments for Cell
Developing Technology-Based Biology Assessments for Cell

... The American Association for the Advancement of Science described the importance of science in society. “Scientific habits of mind can help people in every walk of life to deal sensibly with problems that often involve evidence, quantitative considerations, logical arguments, and uncertainty” (Lawso ...
this lecture as PDF here
this lecture as PDF here

... the cell the free ends of the circle can be ligated to form a covalently closed circle as illustrated in Figure 5. b. Site-specific recombination - A recombination event, catalyzed by a phage coded enzyme, occurs between a particular site on the circularized phage DNA and a particular site on the ho ...
tr-kit promotes the formation of a multimolecular complex composed
tr-kit promotes the formation of a multimolecular complex composed

... for Src-like kinases in mitosis (Taylor and Shalloway, 1994); it has been demonstrated that the interaction with the SH3 domain of Fyn is necessary for Fyn-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of Sam68 (Shen et al., 1999). Once phosphorylated in the carboxyterminal region, Sam68 recruits the SH2 domai ...
Allergen-Sensitization Increases Mast
Allergen-Sensitization Increases Mast

... in release of inflammatory mediators from secretory granules. Histamine is one of the critical biological mediators released in the allergic response. Synaptosomal-associated protein of 23 kDa (SNAP-23) and syntaxin 4 are plasma membrane proteins that have been associated with exocytosis in MCs. Stu ...
machen2006
machen2006

... There is also in vivo evidence of reduced production of anti-inflammatory products like IL-10 (16, 17) and lipoxins (76). Many studies have found that CF airway epithelial cells in culture have constitutively active NF-␬B and upregulated expression and secretion of IL-8 and other inflammatory mediat ...
Essential fatty acids and acne
Essential fatty acids and acne

... Physiology and biochemistry of sebum secretion Sebum is synthesized in differentiating cells that are generated on the periphery of the sebaceous gland and move centripetally as they become engorged with lipid. Eventually, all of the subcellular organelles are degraded and the cells disrupt, allowin ...
I./6.: Anatomy of the larynx
I./6.: Anatomy of the larynx

... larynx anteriorly and laterally, thus shielding it from all but the most forceful blows. This cartilage is composed of two alae, which meet anteriorly, dipping down from above to form the thyroid notch before meeting at the protuberance of the Adam’s apple. Posteriorly, each wing has a superior corn ...
TMBP200, a Microtubule Bundling Polypeptide Isolated from
TMBP200, a Microtubule Bundling Polypeptide Isolated from

... amino acid sequencing. The sequence of the two fragments designated p200-2 and p200-3 were VTAVDDFGVSHLKLKDLIDFCKD and VSKNLKDIQGPALAIVVERLRPY, respectively. Both sequences showed close homology to a putative MAP found in genome sequences of A. thaliana. During the progression of our work, this puta ...
Assigned Reading
Assigned Reading

... molecules will explain the makeup of cells, tissues, organs, physiological systems, and intact organisms. In fact, making a cell requires two other major classes of molecules: lipids and carbohydrates. These molecules can serve as intermediates in generating energy and as signaling effectors, recogn ...
Hydrocortisone Diffusion Through Synthetic Membrane
Hydrocortisone Diffusion Through Synthetic Membrane

... Higuchi's diffusion controlled model. T h e H C release was faster from 2.5% compared to 1% creams, which in turn was faster than froin 0.5% H C cream [3]. T h e release rate ranged between 0.61 and 2.68 pg/cm'/minO.' for betamethsone dipropionate depending on the percentage of ethanol in the recept ...
Neuronal polarity: an evolutionary perspective
Neuronal polarity: an evolutionary perspective

... systems. The topic we address here is when the key aspects of neuronal polarity evolved. All neurons have a central cell body with thin processes that extend from it to cover long distances, and they also all rely on voltage-gated ion channels to propagate signals along their length. The most famili ...
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular reabsorption

... Reabsorption of Na+  Of the Na+ filtered, 99.5% is normally reabsorbed.  Sodium is reabsorbed throughout the tubule with the exception of the descending limb of the loop of Henle  Of the Na+ reabsorbed, on average • 67% in the proximal tubule (Plays an important role in the reabsorption of gluco ...
Protozoa - Dr Magrann
Protozoa - Dr Magrann

... fish, crustaceans and bioaccumulate in clams, oysters, mussels and cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. Ciguatera poisoning – neurotoxin that accumulates in certain tropical fish. Can kill people that eat the fish, but ...
Ubiquitination and sumoylation of the HTLV-2 κB activity: a
Ubiquitination and sumoylation of the HTLV-2 κB activity: a

... differentiate the two proteins. First, a domain outlined by amino acids 225 and 232 of Tax-1 is responsible for p100 processing into p52 leading to activation of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway [13,14]. Second, the Cterminus of Tax-1 contains a domain involved in micronuclei formation [15] and a PDZ ...
Endoplasmic reticulum potassium–hydrogen exchanger and small
Endoplasmic reticulum potassium–hydrogen exchanger and small

... K+ channel and KHE modulators. However, the presence of these transporters in ER membranes is still to be demonstrated. In the next series of experiments, SKCa and KATP channels were visualized using a specific antibody or glibenclamide-BODIPY FL in cortical neurons expressing the fluorescent ER mar ...
Ways of Ion Channel Gating in Plant Cells
Ways of Ion Channel Gating in Plant Cells

... extracellular signals (Braun and Walker, 1996; Trewavas and Malho, 1997). PCR, advanced homology-based cloning and function-complementation techniques have already led to identi®cation of more than 70 plant protein kinase genes (Stone and Walker, 1995). However, the precise function of speci®c prote ...
Keratin Alterations during Embryonic Epidermal Differentiation: A
Keratin Alterations during Embryonic Epidermal Differentiation: A

... Keratin Proteins from Embryonic Epidermis Skin from rabbit embryos of various ages was removed and exposed to a solution of 2 M sodium bromide for 1 to 2 h at 37°C to cleanly separate the embryonic epidermis from the dermis. The separation took place cleanly at the basement membrane, as shown in Fig ...
Mechanisms of cell positioning during C. elegans gastrulation
Mechanisms of cell positioning during C. elegans gastrulation

... also result in a gastrulation-defective phenotype (reviewed by Maduro and Rothman, 2002). In addition, proper cell cycle length may also be essential, as early Ea/Ep division appears to prevent gastrulation (Schierenberg et al., 1980; Knight and Wood, 1998). Other factors, such as the formation of s ...
Taipoxin induces synaptic vesicle exocytosis and disrupts the
Taipoxin induces synaptic vesicle exocytosis and disrupts the

... process of SV fusion, since it is involved in the formation of a heterotrimeric complex (termed SNARE complex) with SNAP-25 and syntaxin, two proteins associated with the cytosolic face of the presynaptic membrane (Sudhof, 2004). Tetanus toxin and certain serotypes of botulinum toxin cleave the cyto ...
Hemoglobin Receptor in Leishmania Is a Hexokinase Located in the
Hemoglobin Receptor in Leishmania Is a Hexokinase Located in the

... isolated from Leishmania promastigotes using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen) was used for cDNA synthesis using Super ScriptII reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Subsequently, PCR was performed using the above-mentioned primers and Platinum HiFidelity Taq pol ...
Example of a scientific poster - SPUR
Example of a scientific poster - SPUR

... intestinal bacteria community differed between wild type and CagA expressing flies. We dissected and plated out homogenized CagA and control guts. We observed no significant increase in the proportion of Lactobacillus bacteria in CagA flies as compared to control flies, although the data suggested s ...
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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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