A motif of eleven amino acids is a structural adaptation that
... charge movement that arises from the redistribution of charged ‘voltage sensors’ across the membrane (Ashmore, 1989; SantosSacchi, 1991). We first measured NLC from gerbil prestinexpressing human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells and an example is shown in Fig. 2B. Gerbil prestin produced a bell-shaped r ...
... charge movement that arises from the redistribution of charged ‘voltage sensors’ across the membrane (Ashmore, 1989; SantosSacchi, 1991). We first measured NLC from gerbil prestinexpressing human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells and an example is shown in Fig. 2B. Gerbil prestin produced a bell-shaped r ...
Chromoplast Differentiation: Current Status and
... attract insects and mammals so as to facilitate flower pollination and seed dispersal. One of these strategies has been the development of bright colors, most often within a type of plastid called chromoplasts. Chromoplasts are responsible for the yellow, orange and red colors of many flowers and frui ...
... attract insects and mammals so as to facilitate flower pollination and seed dispersal. One of these strategies has been the development of bright colors, most often within a type of plastid called chromoplasts. Chromoplasts are responsible for the yellow, orange and red colors of many flowers and frui ...
No Slide Title
... types of active transport—one that allows materials to ENter and on that allows materials to EXit ...
... types of active transport—one that allows materials to ENter and on that allows materials to EXit ...
Bacteria under stress by complement and coagulation
... are more than 400 million years old and probably evolved from a common ancestor, explaining the significant overlap in protein domains (Krem et al., 2000). Complement and coagulation proteins circulate in the blood as inactive precursors, but are activated upon contact with target structures. The re ...
... are more than 400 million years old and probably evolved from a common ancestor, explaining the significant overlap in protein domains (Krem et al., 2000). Complement and coagulation proteins circulate in the blood as inactive precursors, but are activated upon contact with target structures. The re ...
Characterization of a Novel Chemokine
... exocytosis in ECs have been focused mainly on WPB release. For example, the monomeric GTPase Rab3D is suggested to play a role in WPB/granule formation (12), whereas Rab27A is associated with the mature pool of the WPBs (33). Furthermore, vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)-3 and syntaxin4, t ...
... exocytosis in ECs have been focused mainly on WPB release. For example, the monomeric GTPase Rab3D is suggested to play a role in WPB/granule formation (12), whereas Rab27A is associated with the mature pool of the WPBs (33). Furthermore, vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)-3 and syntaxin4, t ...
COMPLEX FORMATION AND PROTEIN INTERACTION IN THE
... The unique rosette structure of the CSC, in contrast to linear arrays of synthases observed in bacteria, is thought to play a significant role in the final crystal structure of the cellulose microfibril (Kimura et al. 2001; Sunagawa et al. 2013). Indeed, alterations in the rosette structure correlat ...
... The unique rosette structure of the CSC, in contrast to linear arrays of synthases observed in bacteria, is thought to play a significant role in the final crystal structure of the cellulose microfibril (Kimura et al. 2001; Sunagawa et al. 2013). Indeed, alterations in the rosette structure correlat ...
Biofilm formation by staphylococci and streptococci: structural
... et al., 2000; Otto, 2013). Initially the bacteria must adhere to a surface or host tissue (primary attachment phase) before they proliferate to form multicellular aggregates (accumulation phase). During the maturation stage, channels and mushroom-shaped structures are created to allow nutrients to p ...
... et al., 2000; Otto, 2013). Initially the bacteria must adhere to a surface or host tissue (primary attachment phase) before they proliferate to form multicellular aggregates (accumulation phase). During the maturation stage, channels and mushroom-shaped structures are created to allow nutrients to p ...
copyrighted material - Edinburgh Cell Wall Group
... 1.1.1 Some definitions The best-known cell wall component is cellulose – a highly insoluble polysaccharide, of which the microfibrils (‘scaffolding’) of the wall are composed. Cellulose is, however, only one of many polysaccharides found in plant cell walls, usually accounting for less then half the ...
... 1.1.1 Some definitions The best-known cell wall component is cellulose – a highly insoluble polysaccharide, of which the microfibrils (‘scaffolding’) of the wall are composed. Cellulose is, however, only one of many polysaccharides found in plant cell walls, usually accounting for less then half the ...
Implications for Cancer Biology
... possible models for how TOR functions in the network. A simple and prevalent model accounting for these observations places TOR downstream of PI3K/Akt in a linear fashion (Figure 2A). This model is consistent with the existence of an insulin-sensitive phosphorylation site in TOR (Nave et al., 1999). ...
... possible models for how TOR functions in the network. A simple and prevalent model accounting for these observations places TOR downstream of PI3K/Akt in a linear fashion (Figure 2A). This model is consistent with the existence of an insulin-sensitive phosphorylation site in TOR (Nave et al., 1999). ...
Short-Lived and Phosphorylated Proteins
... phytotropin-binding protein because inhibitors of Tyr kinase activity antagonized NPA-induced inhibition of auxin efflux in zucchini hypocotyl segments (Bernasconi, 1996). However, the rcn1 mutation, which increases the sensitivity of auxin efflux to NPA in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, was shown ...
... phytotropin-binding protein because inhibitors of Tyr kinase activity antagonized NPA-induced inhibition of auxin efflux in zucchini hypocotyl segments (Bernasconi, 1996). However, the rcn1 mutation, which increases the sensitivity of auxin efflux to NPA in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, was shown ...
Original Article Intracellular zinc distribution in mitochondria, ER and
... 589: mitochondria; ER Tracker Red: endoplasmic reticulum; BODIPY TR ceramide: Golgi apparatus; Syto Red 64: nucleus). We examined organelles that represent potential storing sites for intracellular zinc. We showed that zinc fluorescence staining was co-localized with MitoFluor Red 589, ER Tracker Re ...
... 589: mitochondria; ER Tracker Red: endoplasmic reticulum; BODIPY TR ceramide: Golgi apparatus; Syto Red 64: nucleus). We examined organelles that represent potential storing sites for intracellular zinc. We showed that zinc fluorescence staining was co-localized with MitoFluor Red 589, ER Tracker Re ...
Structural Mechanisms for Regulation of Membrane
... Encoded by 11 genes in budding yeast and approximately 60 in humans, the Rab family represents the largest and most diverse branch of the GTPase superfamily (42). The majority can be hierarchically organized into phylogenetic groups (PGs) that contain functionally distinct proteins in addition to su ...
... Encoded by 11 genes in budding yeast and approximately 60 in humans, the Rab family represents the largest and most diverse branch of the GTPase superfamily (42). The majority can be hierarchically organized into phylogenetic groups (PGs) that contain functionally distinct proteins in addition to su ...
Adenomatous polyposis coli - Journal of Cell Science
... APC has been shown to regulate cell polarity and migration through control of the actin cytoskeleton (Akiyama and Kawasaki, 2006). Forced expression of APC in the small intestine induces disordered migration of epithelial cells (Wong et al., 1996). By contrast, loss of APC slows down their migration ...
... APC has been shown to regulate cell polarity and migration through control of the actin cytoskeleton (Akiyama and Kawasaki, 2006). Forced expression of APC in the small intestine induces disordered migration of epithelial cells (Wong et al., 1996). By contrast, loss of APC slows down their migration ...
Two overlapping reading frames in a single exon encode interacting
... Fig. 1. Existence of two overlapping open reading frames in the XL-exon. (A) The XL-exon of the rat XLas/Gas gene (DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank accession No. AF093569) contains two ORFs. ORF1 (1) encodes the XL-domain of XLas, ORF2 (2) the ALEX protein. The third reading frame (3) does not encode a protein due ...
... Fig. 1. Existence of two overlapping open reading frames in the XL-exon. (A) The XL-exon of the rat XLas/Gas gene (DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank accession No. AF093569) contains two ORFs. ORF1 (1) encodes the XL-domain of XLas, ORF2 (2) the ALEX protein. The third reading frame (3) does not encode a protein due ...
Caspases - Essays in Biochemistry
... activation of these enzymes [10]. Activation of caspases containing long prodomains first requires oligomerization via DED or CARD domains. Following the recruitment of a single type of caspase pro-enzyme to a common oligomerization site, the low level of endogenous catalytic activity that is presen ...
... activation of these enzymes [10]. Activation of caspases containing long prodomains first requires oligomerization via DED or CARD domains. Following the recruitment of a single type of caspase pro-enzyme to a common oligomerization site, the low level of endogenous catalytic activity that is presen ...
Identification of proteins localized to the contractile vacuole of
... for forming SNARE complex and transmembrane domain in the C-terminus. In the P. tetraurelia, Most P. tetraurelia synaptobrevins (PtSybs) are R-SNAREs and are located in the endoplasmic reticulum. PtSyb2 is found in the contractile vacuole complex such as the vacuole pore, contractile vacuole, collec ...
... for forming SNARE complex and transmembrane domain in the C-terminus. In the P. tetraurelia, Most P. tetraurelia synaptobrevins (PtSybs) are R-SNAREs and are located in the endoplasmic reticulum. PtSyb2 is found in the contractile vacuole complex such as the vacuole pore, contractile vacuole, collec ...
A domain-specific usherin/collagen IV interaction may be required
... fibronectin type III repeats. These domains, of approximately 100 amino acids, are shared with at least 45 different families of molecules ranging from cytokine receptors to cell surface binding proteins. Different type III domains may be almost completely dissimilar at the amino acid level and as m ...
... fibronectin type III repeats. These domains, of approximately 100 amino acids, are shared with at least 45 different families of molecules ranging from cytokine receptors to cell surface binding proteins. Different type III domains may be almost completely dissimilar at the amino acid level and as m ...
Minireview: Lipid Droplets in Lipogenesis and Lipolysis
... the notion that it forms a hormonally regulated barrier between cytosolic lipases and the neutral lipids within. Consistent with this model, heterologous expression of perilipin A in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes leads to increased TAG storage by reducing the rate of TAG hydrolysis rather than by promoting T ...
... the notion that it forms a hormonally regulated barrier between cytosolic lipases and the neutral lipids within. Consistent with this model, heterologous expression of perilipin A in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes leads to increased TAG storage by reducing the rate of TAG hydrolysis rather than by promoting T ...
Relationship of Net Chloride Flow across the Human Erythrocyte
... Blood was obtained from apparently healthy adults with heparin as an anticoagulant. The cells were washed three times in 160 mM NaCl and 5 mM HEPES at room temperature and the white cells were removed by aspiration . ...
... Blood was obtained from apparently healthy adults with heparin as an anticoagulant. The cells were washed three times in 160 mM NaCl and 5 mM HEPES at room temperature and the white cells were removed by aspiration . ...
Chimie de l`H érédité.
... of the smaller rRNA molecule. This is now an expected result, for if there was close resemblance in base sequences, we might expect corresponding similarity in their protein components. As yet we have no idea why the ribosome structure is so complex. The fact, however, that so many different protein ...
... of the smaller rRNA molecule. This is now an expected result, for if there was close resemblance in base sequences, we might expect corresponding similarity in their protein components. As yet we have no idea why the ribosome structure is so complex. The fact, however, that so many different protein ...