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151 Compact cell image projector
151 Compact cell image projector

... Cardiac inotropy depends, among other factors, on the interval between contractions. In this study, we developed instrumentation for cell shortening recording, which was used to investigate the influence of stimulatory rhythm on contraction amplitude of isolated rat ventricular myocytes. Peak cell s ...
Regulation of Chlamydomonas flagella and ependymal cell motile
Regulation of Chlamydomonas flagella and ependymal cell motile

... et al., 2013). Although plant and alga sphingolipids are relatively well known, the sphingolipid pathway in Chlamydomonas has not been investigated. Physical interaction of (phyto)ceramide with proteins that are critical for ciliogenesis is likely to underlie the regulation of flagella and motile ci ...
Deep mutational scanning reveals tail anchor
Deep mutational scanning reveals tail anchor

... insertion stands in stark contrast with TA protein insertion into the endoplasmic ...
assembly and enlargement of the primary cell wall in plants
assembly and enlargement of the primary cell wall in plants

... may be up to 30 nm wide and more crystalline (Preston 1974). The cellulose microfibril has a substructure consisting of highly organized crystalline domains linked together by less organized amorphous regions. The individual glucans of cellulose are composed of 2000 to >25,000 monomers and assume an ...
Peer-reviewed Article PDF - e
Peer-reviewed Article PDF - e

... specialized cortical reticulum compartments adjacent to the plasma membrane to activate the Ca2+ channels of Orai family [13,14]. Furthermore, TRPC proteins have been shown to associate with Orai1 and STIM1 in a dynamic ternary complex regulated by the occupation of membrane receptors in several cel ...
PDF
PDF

... and salivary glands of the vector, the tsetse fly. Many basic biological processes like motility, energy metabolism and morphology have to be adapted during several developmental differentiation events in order to survive and proliferate in these different environments (reviewed in [2,3]). Trypanoso ...
Viral and cellular subnuclear structures in human cytomegalovirus
Viral and cellular subnuclear structures in human cytomegalovirus

Auxin and other signals on the move in plants Auxins are a class of
Auxin and other signals on the move in plants Auxins are a class of

... that get transported throughout the plant by one or several different transport mechanisms. Mineral nutrients, such as nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium and potassium, are taken up from the soil as inorganic materials, assimilated into organic compounds and transported through the pla ...
Microsporidia: Why Make Nucleotides if You Can Steal Them?
Microsporidia: Why Make Nucleotides if You Can Steal Them?

... Some microsporidians have retained the enzyme CTP synthase enabling them to make CTP from imported UTP as a route towards synthesising cytidine derivatives [4,6]. However, this step is energy expensive and, therefore, an ability to steal host CTP would be beneficial; hence, some intracellular Chlamy ...
Monomeric alpha-catenin links cadherin to the actin cytoskeleton
Monomeric alpha-catenin links cadherin to the actin cytoskeleton

... survival. Deletion of the CTD from αE-catenin strongly reduced F-actin binding in vitro22,31 and failed to support adherens junctions16,31 , suggesting that direct interaction with F-actin may be less important for Drosophila α-Cat than mouse αE-catenin. The central region of α-Cat is a complex modu ...
Effects of Organic Cations on the Gram-negative Cell
Effects of Organic Cations on the Gram-negative Cell

... pH 8.0 before sterilization. The zwitterionic agent 2-hydroxy-3-(dimethylhexadecylammonia)-propane- I -sulphonate (HAPS), was prepared and purified in our laboratories, and sterilized as a 0 . r % solution in 0.85 % NaCl; it is much less soluble in water alone. N,N-dimethyldodecylamine(DDA) was prep ...
ENS’06 FUSION PHAGE AS A BIOSELECTIVE NANOMATERIAL: EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT
ENS’06 FUSION PHAGE AS A BIOSELECTIVE NANOMATERIAL: EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT

... the host Escherichia coli, the phage coat is dissolved in the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, while viral DNA enters the cytoplasm [12]. The protein is synthesized in infected cell as a water-soluble precursor, which contains a leader sequence of 23 residues at its N-terminus. When this protein is i ...
ABSTRACT SUSTAINED DELIVERY AND PHARMACODYNAMICS OF AN INTEGRIN
ABSTRACT SUSTAINED DELIVERY AND PHARMACODYNAMICS OF AN INTEGRIN

... National Institutes of Health (now at Duke University), who closely advised me through the entire project. Without his help, encouragement and support, it is impossible for me to accomplish this project. I would like to thank my other committee members, Dr. Mohammad Alshiekhly, Dr. William E. Bentle ...
Accumulation of xylem transported protein at pit membranes and
Accumulation of xylem transported protein at pit membranes and

... thought to have lower flow resistances than the thicker secondary cell walls surrounding them and to provide the pathway of least resistance during sap transport from one vessel to another. Nevertheless, they may account for around 50% of overall xylem resistance to flow (see review by Choat et al., ...
Characterization of Vincristine Transport by the Mr 190,000
Characterization of Vincristine Transport by the Mr 190,000

... Inhibition of [3H]VCR Transport by MRP-specific MAbs. Sev eral MRP-specific MAbs have been shown to inhibit MRP-mediated transport of LTC4, 17ß-estradiol 17-(ß-D-glucuronide), and aflatoxin B,-GSH (17, 26, 28). In the present study, we tested whether or not they would also inhibit GSH-stimulated V ...
Aberrant mRNA Transcripts and the Nonsense
Aberrant mRNA Transcripts and the Nonsense

... The eukaryotic nucleolus is multifunctional and involved in the metabolism and assembly of many different RNAs and ribonucleoprotein particles as well as in cellular functions, such as cell division and transcriptional silencing in plants. We previously showed that Arabidopsis thaliana exon junction ...
LIU-THESIS - eCommons@USASK
LIU-THESIS - eCommons@USASK

... apoplast, following its vapour pressure deficit, thus leading to cellular dehydration and osmotic shrinkage of the cell (Dowgert and Steponkus, 1984; Ruelland et al., 2009). To a certain degree, the mechanical characteristics of cell walls appear to adjust to the kinetics and the range of dehydratio ...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis adhesins: potential
Mycobacterium tuberculosis adhesins: potential

Establishment of Polarity during Organization of the Acentrosomal
Establishment of Polarity during Organization of the Acentrosomal

... (1.01 ⫾ 0.11 ␮m for EB1a; 1.11 ⫾ 0.18 ␮m for EB1b; n ⫽ 50; Figure 1, A and B, and Supplementary Movie 2), whereas EB1c-GFP is nuclear (Figure 1C). The cometlike character, with the bright side leading has been shown to be diagnostic of (⫹)-end growth (Tirnauer et al., 2002) and in all instances this ...
N-CAM at the Vertebrate Neuromuscular Junction
N-CAM at the Vertebrate Neuromuscular Junction

... ABSTRACT We have detected the neural cell adhesion molecule, N-CAM, at nerve-muscle contacts in the developing and adult mouse diaphragm. Whereas we found N-CAM staining with fluorescent antibodies consistently to overlap with the pattern of ~-bungarotoxin staining at nerve-muscle contacts both duri ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... Each plant starts life from the zygote formed by the fusion of an egg and a sperm cell. The zygote gives rise to a multicellular embryo that displays a basic plant body organization and is surrounded by nutritive endosperm and maternal tissue. How the body organization is generated had already been ...
Aberrant mRNA Transcripts and the Nonsense
Aberrant mRNA Transcripts and the Nonsense

... proposed for the plant nucleolus and bodies often associated with the nucleolus (Cajal and D-bodies): production of heterochromatic small interfering RNAs involved in transcriptional gene silencing (Li et al., 2006; Pontes et al., 2006) and maturation of microRNAs (Fang and Spector, 2007; Fujioka et ...
Immunohistochemical sweat gland profiles
Immunohistochemical sweat gland profiles

... (EMA), the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and others were introduced for this purpose.6,13–16 In addition, the identification of glycoconjugates was used to charaterize sweat glands in health and disease.17–22 These findings are commonly extrapolated to identify the differentiation of sweat gland n ...
Maxillary Sinus (Antrum of Higmore)
Maxillary Sinus (Antrum of Higmore)

... with the middle nasal meatus is termed ostium maxillare. It is about 3-6 mm in diameter and is found in a recess called hiatus semilunaris.  The maxillary sinus may have septa that partially divide it into intercommunicating compartments with separate ostia may be found.  The average capacity of t ...
Melanotransferrin stimulates t-PA
Melanotransferrin stimulates t-PA

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Endomembrane system

The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments, or organelles. In eukaryotes the organelles of the endomembrane system include: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane. The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that form a single functional and developmental unit, either being connected directly, or exchanging material through vesicle transport. Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or chloroplasts.The nuclear membrane contains two lipid bilayers that encompass the contents of the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. Vacuoles, which are found in both plant and animal cells (though much bigger in plant cells), are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell as well as storing waste products. A vesicle is a relatively small, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances. The cell membrane, is a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. There is also an organelle known as the Spitzenkörper that is only found in fungi, and is connected with hyphal tip growth.In prokaryotes endomembranes are rare, although in many photosynthetic bacteria the plasma membrane is highly folded and most of the cell cytoplasm is filled with layers of light-gathering membrane. These light-gathering membranes may even form enclosed structures called chlorosomes in green sulfur bacteria.The organelles of the endomembrane system are related through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as vesicles. Despite these relationships, the various membranes are not identical in structure and function. The thickness, molecular composition, and metabolic behavior of a membrane are not fixed, they may be modified several times during the membrane's life. One unifying characteristic the membranes share is a lipid bilayer, with proteins attached to either side or traversing them.
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