Plant pathogen defense: Signalling, resistance and cell
... improving methods for quantifying the programmed cell death response during ETI (Paper I) and lipid analysis by chromatography (Paper II). These methods are then used in the following pappers. The second part focused on signalling during the HR. Signalling on gene regulation level (Paper III) and va ...
... improving methods for quantifying the programmed cell death response during ETI (Paper I) and lipid analysis by chromatography (Paper II). These methods are then used in the following pappers. The second part focused on signalling during the HR. Signalling on gene regulation level (Paper III) and va ...
Cooperative Regulation of Cell Polarity and Growth by Drosophila
... that a group of membrane-associated proteins act in concert to regulate both epithelial structure and cell proliferation. Scribble (Scrib) is a cell junction– localized protein required for polarization of embryonic and, as demonstrated here, imaginal disc and follicular epithelia. We show that the ...
... that a group of membrane-associated proteins act in concert to regulate both epithelial structure and cell proliferation. Scribble (Scrib) is a cell junction– localized protein required for polarization of embryonic and, as demonstrated here, imaginal disc and follicular epithelia. We show that the ...
Exocytosis Precedes and Predicts the Increase in Growth in
... Because of this inequality, the larger fringe masks some portion of the true peak of the smaller fringe. To solve this problem, we first collected line scans of pixel intensity along the midline of the cell through the tip for each DIC image frame in a sequence. Using a custom R script, we then fit ...
... Because of this inequality, the larger fringe masks some portion of the true peak of the smaller fringe. To solve this problem, we first collected line scans of pixel intensity along the midline of the cell through the tip for each DIC image frame in a sequence. Using a custom R script, we then fit ...
Skeletal Muscle
... Inside the muscle fibre, the T-tubules lie next to the terminal cisternae of an internal membrane system derived from the endoplasmic reticulum, called the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), which is a store of calcium ions. Stimulation of the muscle fibre, causes a wave of depolarisation to pass down the ...
... Inside the muscle fibre, the T-tubules lie next to the terminal cisternae of an internal membrane system derived from the endoplasmic reticulum, called the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), which is a store of calcium ions. Stimulation of the muscle fibre, causes a wave of depolarisation to pass down the ...
Exocytosis Precedes and Predicts the Increase in
... Because of this inequality, the larger fringe masks some portion of the true peak of the smaller fringe. To solve this problem, we first collected line scans of pixel intensity along the midline of the cell through the tip for each DIC image frame in a sequence. Using a custom R script, we then fit ...
... Because of this inequality, the larger fringe masks some portion of the true peak of the smaller fringe. To solve this problem, we first collected line scans of pixel intensity along the midline of the cell through the tip for each DIC image frame in a sequence. Using a custom R script, we then fit ...
MILK - Sistem Informasi Terpadu UNIKA SOEGIJAPRANATA
... end milk components are secreted into the lumen. Proteins are formed in the endoplasmic reticulum and transported to the Golgi vesicles, in which most of the soluble milk components are collected. The vesicles grow in size while being transported through the cell and then open up to release their co ...
... end milk components are secreted into the lumen. Proteins are formed in the endoplasmic reticulum and transported to the Golgi vesicles, in which most of the soluble milk components are collected. The vesicles grow in size while being transported through the cell and then open up to release their co ...
Candida Freyschussii: an Oleaginous Yeast Producing Lipids
... energy value to plant oils. Microbial lipids have also many advantages (short life cycle, low affection by venue, season and climate, easy to scale-up) that promise to overcome many limitations of plant oils, but have necessarily to be produced from inexpensive substrates with high yield and product ...
... energy value to plant oils. Microbial lipids have also many advantages (short life cycle, low affection by venue, season and climate, easy to scale-up) that promise to overcome many limitations of plant oils, but have necessarily to be produced from inexpensive substrates with high yield and product ...
The control of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca content in cardiac muscle
... content. An example of this is shown in Fig. 1. Here a low concentration of caffeine was applied to increase the open probability of the RyR. This results in an increase of the systolic Ca transient (Fig. 1A). However, as shown in the specimen records of Fig. 1E and F, this increases Ca efflux such ...
... content. An example of this is shown in Fig. 1. Here a low concentration of caffeine was applied to increase the open probability of the RyR. This results in an increase of the systolic Ca transient (Fig. 1A). However, as shown in the specimen records of Fig. 1E and F, this increases Ca efflux such ...
biochemical model for enhanced biological phosphorus removal
... ATP by the membrane-bound ATP-ase enzyme complex, and for the transport of substrates as discussed in the next section. Three major mechanisms are used by most bacteria to translocate protons and maintain a pmf (see Fig. 4). The first one is of major importance and makes use of the cytoplasmic membr ...
... ATP by the membrane-bound ATP-ase enzyme complex, and for the transport of substrates as discussed in the next section. Three major mechanisms are used by most bacteria to translocate protons and maintain a pmf (see Fig. 4). The first one is of major importance and makes use of the cytoplasmic membr ...
Phloem loading and unloading of sugars and amino acids
... In terrestrial higher plants, phloem transport delivers most nutrients required for growth and storage processes. Some 90% of plant biomass, transported as sugars and amino nitrogen (N) compounds in a bulk flow of solution, is propelled though the phloem by osmotically generated hydrostatic pressure ...
... In terrestrial higher plants, phloem transport delivers most nutrients required for growth and storage processes. Some 90% of plant biomass, transported as sugars and amino nitrogen (N) compounds in a bulk flow of solution, is propelled though the phloem by osmotically generated hydrostatic pressure ...
Patent ductus arteriosus in mice with smooth muscle
... muscle a-actin (SMA; also known as ACTA2) and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMMHC; also known as MYH11), defects in vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation in the ductus arteriosus and descending aorta of Jag1-SMcko embryos could be observed at E17.5 (Fig. 2A-C versus 2A⬘-C⬘), when the ductu ...
... muscle a-actin (SMA; also known as ACTA2) and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMMHC; also known as MYH11), defects in vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation in the ductus arteriosus and descending aorta of Jag1-SMcko embryos could be observed at E17.5 (Fig. 2A-C versus 2A⬘-C⬘), when the ductu ...
Arabidopsis Phragmoplast-Associated Kinesins Play
... lacked sperm. Instead, two identical nuclei were found in single sections (Figure 2B, c). The two nuclei were suspended in the vegetative cytoplasm, and no cell wall–like structure was detected between them (Figure 2B, d). While many defective pollen grains were consistently detected in the double m ...
... lacked sperm. Instead, two identical nuclei were found in single sections (Figure 2B, c). The two nuclei were suspended in the vegetative cytoplasm, and no cell wall–like structure was detected between them (Figure 2B, d). While many defective pollen grains were consistently detected in the double m ...
eXtra Botany - Oxford Academic
... although it is not yet known if PAT occurs elsewhere in the Charophyceae or in other algae. While in the embryophytes PAT occurs in parenchymatously constructed structures which commonly also have xylem and phloem (or their bryophyte analogues) as long-distance transport processes in parallel to PAT ...
... although it is not yet known if PAT occurs elsewhere in the Charophyceae or in other algae. While in the embryophytes PAT occurs in parenchymatously constructed structures which commonly also have xylem and phloem (or their bryophyte analogues) as long-distance transport processes in parallel to PAT ...
- Wiley Online Library
... elements are expressed in VCs but not SCs (Slotkin et al., 2009). These findings suggest distinct accessibility and compaction of chromatin in these cell types, resulting from different histone patterns of individual cell types. However, because of the difficulty in isolating GCs and SCs from pollen ...
... elements are expressed in VCs but not SCs (Slotkin et al., 2009). These findings suggest distinct accessibility and compaction of chromatin in these cell types, resulting from different histone patterns of individual cell types. However, because of the difficulty in isolating GCs and SCs from pollen ...
Vaucheria
... Ans. Vaucheria possesses all the essentials of a multicellular organism, but the cytoplasm and the numerous nuclei are not partitioned into distinct cells. The septa remain suppressed in the vegetative condition. They appear only during the formation of reproductive organs, or when the filament is i ...
... Ans. Vaucheria possesses all the essentials of a multicellular organism, but the cytoplasm and the numerous nuclei are not partitioned into distinct cells. The septa remain suppressed in the vegetative condition. They appear only during the formation of reproductive organs, or when the filament is i ...
3 Adhesion and Adhesives of Fungi and Oomycetes
... pathways (e.g., Liu and Kolattukudy 1999), they are not as useful for adhesion studies as knockouts of genes directly involved in glue production. However, if multiple compounds can serve as building blocks of a glue, single gene knock-outs may only result in, at best, quantitatively discernible dif ...
... pathways (e.g., Liu and Kolattukudy 1999), they are not as useful for adhesion studies as knockouts of genes directly involved in glue production. However, if multiple compounds can serve as building blocks of a glue, single gene knock-outs may only result in, at best, quantitatively discernible dif ...
Morphogenesis of complex plant cell shapes: the mechanical role of
... changes in cell shape. To generate a shape other than a sphere, precisely controlled, local expansion and stretching of the cell wall is required, since the driving force--turgor pressure--is non-vectorial. The requirement for local differences in cell wall mechanical properties becomes particularly ...
... changes in cell shape. To generate a shape other than a sphere, precisely controlled, local expansion and stretching of the cell wall is required, since the driving force--turgor pressure--is non-vectorial. The requirement for local differences in cell wall mechanical properties becomes particularly ...
REVISIT ANATOMY OF EAR THE EXTERNAL EAR PINNA cont.
... It is a bony structure that twists on itself two and onehalf to two and three-quarter times around a central column of bone (the modiolus). This arrangement produces a cone-shaped structure with a base of cochlea that faces posteromedially and an apex that faces anterolaterally. This positions the w ...
... It is a bony structure that twists on itself two and onehalf to two and three-quarter times around a central column of bone (the modiolus). This arrangement produces a cone-shaped structure with a base of cochlea that faces posteromedially and an apex that faces anterolaterally. This positions the w ...
MUSCLE CONTRACTION
... electrical depolarisation produced by the action potential on the muscle membrane to all parts of the interior of the muscle fibre. b) The SR forms a system of interconnecting tubules in the narrow space between the myofibrils. At the level of the A/I junctions they form sac like swellings called te ...
... electrical depolarisation produced by the action potential on the muscle membrane to all parts of the interior of the muscle fibre. b) The SR forms a system of interconnecting tubules in the narrow space between the myofibrils. At the level of the A/I junctions they form sac like swellings called te ...
Autophagy at the crossroads of catabolism and anabolism
... sequestration of portions of cytoplasm into a double membrane-bound vesicle called the autophagosome. The autophagosome subsequently fuses with a lysosome, leading to the degradation of the sequestered cytosolic proteins and organelles9. Studies in yeast have identified more than 30 autophagy-relate ...
... sequestration of portions of cytoplasm into a double membrane-bound vesicle called the autophagosome. The autophagosome subsequently fuses with a lysosome, leading to the degradation of the sequestered cytosolic proteins and organelles9. Studies in yeast have identified more than 30 autophagy-relate ...
Myosin XIK is a major player in cytoplasm dynamics and is regulated
... emerged when RabD1 and RabC2a were found to interact with the tail of MYA2 in yeast two-hybrid and pull-down assays (Hashimoto et al., 2008). The localization of RabC2a to peroxisomes suggested that these small GTPases can mediate and regulate the interaction of MYA2 and its cargo organelles (Hashim ...
... emerged when RabD1 and RabC2a were found to interact with the tail of MYA2 in yeast two-hybrid and pull-down assays (Hashimoto et al., 2008). The localization of RabC2a to peroxisomes suggested that these small GTPases can mediate and regulate the interaction of MYA2 and its cargo organelles (Hashim ...
Silicification in the Microalgae
... large and up to 14 smaller rudimentary star-shaped siliceous structures (pentasters) have been observed (Fig. 1e), although twin perinuclear penasters that surround the nucleus are most common (Bursa 1969; Hansen 1993; Preisig 1994). The form of Si is unknown although it has been assumed to be amorp ...
... large and up to 14 smaller rudimentary star-shaped siliceous structures (pentasters) have been observed (Fig. 1e), although twin perinuclear penasters that surround the nucleus are most common (Bursa 1969; Hansen 1993; Preisig 1994). The form of Si is unknown although it has been assumed to be amorp ...
Keeping the immune system in check: a role for mitophagy
... Immunology and Cell Biology (2015) 93, 3–10; doi:10.1038/icb.2014.75; published online 30 September 2014 ...
... Immunology and Cell Biology (2015) 93, 3–10; doi:10.1038/icb.2014.75; published online 30 September 2014 ...