Condensin II Promotes the Formation of Chromosome Territories by
... few rounds of DNA replication, but they undergo a developmentally regulated reorganization. After the fifth endocycle, homologydependent pairing interactions are disrupted [23]. In this arrangement known as the ‘‘5-blob stage’’, each of the 5 major chromosome arms occupies a globular territory, simi ...
... few rounds of DNA replication, but they undergo a developmentally regulated reorganization. After the fifth endocycle, homologydependent pairing interactions are disrupted [23]. In this arrangement known as the ‘‘5-blob stage’’, each of the 5 major chromosome arms occupies a globular territory, simi ...
DIFFERENCES IN ENZYME CONTENT OF AZUROPHIL AND
... lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase, ~-galactosidase, /3-glucuronidase, esterase, and 5r-nucleotidase) corresponded to that of azurophil granules. Progranulocytes contained numerous reactive granules, and later stages contained only a few. The distribution of one enzyme, alkaline phos ...
... lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase, ~-galactosidase, /3-glucuronidase, esterase, and 5r-nucleotidase) corresponded to that of azurophil granules. Progranulocytes contained numerous reactive granules, and later stages contained only a few. The distribution of one enzyme, alkaline phos ...
The travels of mRNAs through all cells large and small
... unclear whether the transport of proteins from the cell body is sufficient to respond to the changing needs of the growing process. It has been proposed that transport of mRNAs into processes and growth cones may provide an additional mechanism for the localization of newly synthesized cytoskeletal ...
... unclear whether the transport of proteins from the cell body is sufficient to respond to the changing needs of the growing process. It has been proposed that transport of mRNAs into processes and growth cones may provide an additional mechanism for the localization of newly synthesized cytoskeletal ...
Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacterial Respiration
... ceasing when oxygen was introduced into the medium and equally rapidly recommencing when the reaction medium became depleted of oxygen (Fig. 4a). By contrast, with formate as substrate, an appreciable rate of nitrate reduction was observed in the presence of oxygen, albeit at a slower rate than that ...
... ceasing when oxygen was introduced into the medium and equally rapidly recommencing when the reaction medium became depleted of oxygen (Fig. 4a). By contrast, with formate as substrate, an appreciable rate of nitrate reduction was observed in the presence of oxygen, albeit at a slower rate than that ...
Hyphal homing, fusion and mycelial interconnectedness
... (Figure 3). We propose that these unidentified diffusible signals regulate the behavior of the Spitzenkörper, which is a complex of organelles and proteins predominated by secretory vesicles. The Spitzenkörper is found in growing hyphal tips or at sites of branch initiation, and its behavior plays ...
... (Figure 3). We propose that these unidentified diffusible signals regulate the behavior of the Spitzenkörper, which is a complex of organelles and proteins predominated by secretory vesicles. The Spitzenkörper is found in growing hyphal tips or at sites of branch initiation, and its behavior plays ...
9. Fibrous proteins and collagen
... These hydroxylation reactions require molecular oxygen, Fe2+, and the reducing agent vitamin C (ascorbic acid), without which the hydroxylating enzymes, prolyl hydroxylase and lysyl hydroxylase, are unable to function. In the case of ascorbic acid deficiency (and, therefore, a lack of prolyl and lys ...
... These hydroxylation reactions require molecular oxygen, Fe2+, and the reducing agent vitamin C (ascorbic acid), without which the hydroxylating enzymes, prolyl hydroxylase and lysyl hydroxylase, are unable to function. In the case of ascorbic acid deficiency (and, therefore, a lack of prolyl and lys ...
Cell adhesion and cell mechanics during zebrafish
... achievement of evolution. After fertilization, a series of cell divisions gives rise to a vast number of cells which subsequently have to share specialized tasks and build complex structures such as eyes, heart or brain (see Fig. 1.1). But how can cells that originate from a single ancestor control ...
... achievement of evolution. After fertilization, a series of cell divisions gives rise to a vast number of cells which subsequently have to share specialized tasks and build complex structures such as eyes, heart or brain (see Fig. 1.1). But how can cells that originate from a single ancestor control ...
Breaking the Diffraction Barrier: Super
... (A) In stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, fluorophores are excited by a focused light beam (green, top layer), and an additional depletion light beam (red, second layer) is used to bring molecules back to the ground state by a process called stimulated emission. The intensity profile o ...
... (A) In stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, fluorophores are excited by a focused light beam (green, top layer), and an additional depletion light beam (red, second layer) is used to bring molecules back to the ground state by a process called stimulated emission. The intensity profile o ...
Microsoft Word (manuscript)
... complex and described it in detail, showing that for association of DPM1 with DPM2 24 Cterminal amino acids of DPM1and Phe 21 and Tyr 23 from DPM2 were important. Furthermore, DPM3 alone was able to stabilize DPM1 and DPM synthase had an enzymatic activity without the DPM2 subunit, however, the act ...
... complex and described it in detail, showing that for association of DPM1 with DPM2 24 Cterminal amino acids of DPM1and Phe 21 and Tyr 23 from DPM2 were important. Furthermore, DPM3 alone was able to stabilize DPM1 and DPM synthase had an enzymatic activity without the DPM2 subunit, however, the act ...
Taste Bud and Its Function
... Transmission of Taste Signals into the Central Nervous System Taste impulses from the anterior two thirds of the tongue pass first into the lingual nerve, then through the chorda tympani into the facial nerve, and finally into the tractus solitarius in the brain stem.Taste sensations from the circum ...
... Transmission of Taste Signals into the Central Nervous System Taste impulses from the anterior two thirds of the tongue pass first into the lingual nerve, then through the chorda tympani into the facial nerve, and finally into the tractus solitarius in the brain stem.Taste sensations from the circum ...
Identification and localization of the multiple bacterial
... The hindgut of wood-feeding lower termites is densely colonized by a multitude of symbiotic micro-organisms. While it is well established that the eukaryotic flagellates play a major role in the degradation of lignocellulose, much less is known about the identity and function of the prokaryotic symb ...
... The hindgut of wood-feeding lower termites is densely colonized by a multitude of symbiotic micro-organisms. While it is well established that the eukaryotic flagellates play a major role in the degradation of lignocellulose, much less is known about the identity and function of the prokaryotic symb ...
Non-coding RNAs - Biology Department | UNC Chapel Hill
... junctions. During the course of the splicing reaction, specific and dynamic base-pairing interactions take place among and between the snRNAs themselves. More than 150 partner proteins are also involved in this process, a subject that has been extensively reviewed10,11. Less well understood is the l ...
... junctions. During the course of the splicing reaction, specific and dynamic base-pairing interactions take place among and between the snRNAs themselves. More than 150 partner proteins are also involved in this process, a subject that has been extensively reviewed10,11. Less well understood is the l ...
Use of Phenylboronic Acids to Investigate Boron
... The change in the shape of plasmolysis suggests that cell-to-wall anchorage is lost. Incubation with 3-NBA caused the most dramatic cell-to-wall detachment (Fig. 3B). Complete detachment can be repeatedly observed after 1 h when 0.5 mM 3-NBA is used to treat tobacco cells before plasmolysis. Incubat ...
... The change in the shape of plasmolysis suggests that cell-to-wall anchorage is lost. Incubation with 3-NBA caused the most dramatic cell-to-wall detachment (Fig. 3B). Complete detachment can be repeatedly observed after 1 h when 0.5 mM 3-NBA is used to treat tobacco cells before plasmolysis. Incubat ...
Vancomycin
... ammation allows the intravenous formulation to penetrate into the meninges. However, it is often necessary to combine vancomycin with other antibiotics, such as ceftriaxone for ...
... ammation allows the intravenous formulation to penetrate into the meninges. However, it is often necessary to combine vancomycin with other antibiotics, such as ceftriaxone for ...
Tracing the Archaeal Origins of Eukaryotic Membrane
... evolved from a smaller set of primordial vesicle formation and fusion proteins that were present in early stages of eukaryogenesis. More recent phylogenetic studies have even yielded some insights into the proximal order of events immediately leading to the complexity seen in LECA (Elias et al. 2012 ...
... evolved from a smaller set of primordial vesicle formation and fusion proteins that were present in early stages of eukaryogenesis. More recent phylogenetic studies have even yielded some insights into the proximal order of events immediately leading to the complexity seen in LECA (Elias et al. 2012 ...
Regulation of Metabolic Events during Embryo Development
... In Arabidopsis, embryogenesis commences with double fertilization which involves the fusion of two sperm cells of the male gametophyte with two cells of the female gametophyte (Fig. 1A). One sperm fertilizes the egg cell and the other sperm combines with the two polar nuclei of the large central cel ...
... In Arabidopsis, embryogenesis commences with double fertilization which involves the fusion of two sperm cells of the male gametophyte with two cells of the female gametophyte (Fig. 1A). One sperm fertilizes the egg cell and the other sperm combines with the two polar nuclei of the large central cel ...
Full Text - Global Science Books
... after germination (Fig. 1). The fibrous root system is characteristic for most of the monocotyledonous plants. Due to the economical importance of the cereals maize and rice, molecular biologists over the last decade became increasingly attracted to study developmental aspects of monocot species. Th ...
... after germination (Fig. 1). The fibrous root system is characteristic for most of the monocotyledonous plants. Due to the economical importance of the cereals maize and rice, molecular biologists over the last decade became increasingly attracted to study developmental aspects of monocot species. Th ...
Autophagy and pancreatitis
... the rates of formation and degradative activity of autolysosomes, the latter being controlled by the levels and proteolytic activities of lysosomal hydrolases, the LAMPs, intralysosomal pH, and other factors. Because the properties and functions of autophagosomes and autolysosomes are so different, ...
... the rates of formation and degradative activity of autolysosomes, the latter being controlled by the levels and proteolytic activities of lysosomal hydrolases, the LAMPs, intralysosomal pH, and other factors. Because the properties and functions of autophagosomes and autolysosomes are so different, ...
The larynx
... -because the larynx and trachea have to be opened always for the passage of air. If they are without cartilage, they’ll become like the esophagus which can collapse so there’ll be no passage of air and this is impossible!. -the hyoid bone is located on the upper border of the larynx (Not included in ...
... -because the larynx and trachea have to be opened always for the passage of air. If they are without cartilage, they’ll become like the esophagus which can collapse so there’ll be no passage of air and this is impossible!. -the hyoid bone is located on the upper border of the larynx (Not included in ...
Extracellular electron transfer from aerobic bacteria to Au loaded
... inactivation effects for different concentrations of H2O2 are also evaluated, and the LB medium containing 0.1 mM H2O2 is comparable to that observed from 40s Au@TiO2−NT. However, the antibacterial rates of the 1 mL system are different (Figure 3b). When the same amount of bacteria is dispersed in 1 mL ...
... inactivation effects for different concentrations of H2O2 are also evaluated, and the LB medium containing 0.1 mM H2O2 is comparable to that observed from 40s Au@TiO2−NT. However, the antibacterial rates of the 1 mL system are different (Figure 3b). When the same amount of bacteria is dispersed in 1 mL ...
Tomato: a model species for fruit growth and development studies
... between 2,000 and 220,000 times larger than that of the pre-anthesis ovary wall. Very recent results of Pećinar (2015) showed that 2231% of pericarp cells of the tomato cultivar Ailsa Craig reach their final size during the phase of cell division, while 69 to 78% due to the cell elongation phase. Th ...
... between 2,000 and 220,000 times larger than that of the pre-anthesis ovary wall. Very recent results of Pećinar (2015) showed that 2231% of pericarp cells of the tomato cultivar Ailsa Craig reach their final size during the phase of cell division, while 69 to 78% due to the cell elongation phase. Th ...
PCtpc201500393rar1_pap_plantcell 1..22
... organelles, also termed late endosomes or prevacuolar compartments (PVCs), contain internal vesicles that will be delivered, together with their cargoes, into the lumen of vacuoles/lysosomes upon MVB fusion with the tonoplast (Winter and Hauser, 2006). This process plays a central role in controllin ...
... organelles, also termed late endosomes or prevacuolar compartments (PVCs), contain internal vesicles that will be delivered, together with their cargoes, into the lumen of vacuoles/lysosomes upon MVB fusion with the tonoplast (Winter and Hauser, 2006). This process plays a central role in controllin ...