Cell fate specification and maintenance in the female gametophyte
... lineages at earlier stages of embryogenesis, which will be instrumental for a better understanding of early embryo patterning, is still lacking. Several methods have been applied for various tissues and different organisms, e.g. Laser capture micro dissection (LCM) (Kerk et al., 2003; Nakamura et al ...
... lineages at earlier stages of embryogenesis, which will be instrumental for a better understanding of early embryo patterning, is still lacking. Several methods have been applied for various tissues and different organisms, e.g. Laser capture micro dissection (LCM) (Kerk et al., 2003; Nakamura et al ...
Fibrous proteins and collagen
... These hydroxylation reactions require molecular oxygen, Fe2+, and the reducing agent vitamin C (ascorbic acid), without which the hydroxylating enzymes, prolyl hydroxylase and lysyl hydroxylase, are unable to function. In the case of ascorbic acid deficiency (and, therefore, a lack of prolyl and lys ...
... These hydroxylation reactions require molecular oxygen, Fe2+, and the reducing agent vitamin C (ascorbic acid), without which the hydroxylating enzymes, prolyl hydroxylase and lysyl hydroxylase, are unable to function. In the case of ascorbic acid deficiency (and, therefore, a lack of prolyl and lys ...
The Role of the Arabidopsis ELD1 Gene in Cell
... meristem remained at 0.4 ⫾ 0.01 to 0.5 ⫾ 0.1 mm during this same period. The cells of the newly germinated eld1 root tip were isodiametric in shape, rich in cytoplasm, and contained large nuclei, as is characteristic of wild-type meristematic cells (Fig. 3A). However, by 7 to 10 d after germination, ...
... meristem remained at 0.4 ⫾ 0.01 to 0.5 ⫾ 0.1 mm during this same period. The cells of the newly germinated eld1 root tip were isodiametric in shape, rich in cytoplasm, and contained large nuclei, as is characteristic of wild-type meristematic cells (Fig. 3A). However, by 7 to 10 d after germination, ...
Ruditapes decussatus (Mollusca: Bivalvia)
... of 0.5 % Tween 80 (FSWT).The homogenate was then sieved progressively through 100, 75 and 20 pm nylon meshes. The resultant filtrate was spun at 2500 X g for 30 min at 8'C. The pellet was suspended in FSWT and layered onto a cushion of 15% sucrose in FSWT. After centrifugation, the supernatant was d ...
... of 0.5 % Tween 80 (FSWT).The homogenate was then sieved progressively through 100, 75 and 20 pm nylon meshes. The resultant filtrate was spun at 2500 X g for 30 min at 8'C. The pellet was suspended in FSWT and layered onto a cushion of 15% sucrose in FSWT. After centrifugation, the supernatant was d ...
Glycosylation of closely spaced acceptor sites in
... Fig. 1. Bioinformatic analysis of closely spaced sequons and glycans. (A,B) The distribution of distances in amino acid residues between asparagines in Nx?P-T/S sites in murine glycoproteins (A) or in murine cytoplasmic proteins (B) was determined (black circles) and is plotted on a wide (0–400 resi ...
... Fig. 1. Bioinformatic analysis of closely spaced sequons and glycans. (A,B) The distribution of distances in amino acid residues between asparagines in Nx?P-T/S sites in murine glycoproteins (A) or in murine cytoplasmic proteins (B) was determined (black circles) and is plotted on a wide (0–400 resi ...
Multiple classes of yeast mutants are defective in vacuole
... pathway seems to significantly overlap with vacuole partitioning. Mutants defective in both vacuole partitioning and endocytosis or vacuole partitioning and autophagy were not observed. However, one of the new vac mutants was additionally defective in direct protein transport from the cytoplasm to t ...
... pathway seems to significantly overlap with vacuole partitioning. Mutants defective in both vacuole partitioning and endocytosis or vacuole partitioning and autophagy were not observed. However, one of the new vac mutants was additionally defective in direct protein transport from the cytoplasm to t ...
Structural studies on lysosomal proteins
... In each of the three domains of life, bacteria, archaea and eukaryota, the cell is the basic unit of life. Eukaryotic cells are distinct in that in all of them, different cellular functions are arranged to distinct compartments called cell organelles. In multicellular organisms, the diversity of cel ...
... In each of the three domains of life, bacteria, archaea and eukaryota, the cell is the basic unit of life. Eukaryotic cells are distinct in that in all of them, different cellular functions are arranged to distinct compartments called cell organelles. In multicellular organisms, the diversity of cel ...
Sodium Transporters in Kidney Role in Health and Disease
... It is the main sodium transporter of the distal tubule (Fig. 4) and absorbs 10% of the filtered Na+. Recent research has shown that the activity of NCC is regulated by WNK1 and WNK4 protein kinases. The sodium and chloride are transported in a ratio of 1:1.4 3. ENaC (Epithelial Sodium Channel) The c ...
... It is the main sodium transporter of the distal tubule (Fig. 4) and absorbs 10% of the filtered Na+. Recent research has shown that the activity of NCC is regulated by WNK1 and WNK4 protein kinases. The sodium and chloride are transported in a ratio of 1:1.4 3. ENaC (Epithelial Sodium Channel) The c ...
Antibiotic use and abuse: A threat to mitochondria and chloroplasts
... ranging from round worms, fruit flies, and mice to human cell lines. Importantly, plant chloroplasts, like their mitochondria, are also under certain conditions vulnerable to these and other antibiotics that are leached into our environment. Together these endosymbiotic organelles are not only essen ...
... ranging from round worms, fruit flies, and mice to human cell lines. Importantly, plant chloroplasts, like their mitochondria, are also under certain conditions vulnerable to these and other antibiotics that are leached into our environment. Together these endosymbiotic organelles are not only essen ...
Synergize Product Data.pub - PED portal on the Alberta Pork website
... Mode of Action SYNERGIZE uses the QAC to permeate and alter the structure of the cell membrane, allowing the Glutaraldehyde to “drive inside” the cell, attack nucleic acid, and destroy the microorganism. It is this mode of action that separates SYNERGIZE from conventional disinfectants. ...
... Mode of Action SYNERGIZE uses the QAC to permeate and alter the structure of the cell membrane, allowing the Glutaraldehyde to “drive inside” the cell, attack nucleic acid, and destroy the microorganism. It is this mode of action that separates SYNERGIZE from conventional disinfectants. ...
Monolignol glucosides as intermediate compounds in
... spectra derived from MRM with those obtained on the authentic compounds (Figure 3) prepared by the method of Terashima et al. (1996). According to the theory of LC-MS/MS (Gross 2004) as described in Supplement 1, the 13C-contents were estimated by comparing the relative amount of 13C-labeled MLGs pr ...
... spectra derived from MRM with those obtained on the authentic compounds (Figure 3) prepared by the method of Terashima et al. (1996). According to the theory of LC-MS/MS (Gross 2004) as described in Supplement 1, the 13C-contents were estimated by comparing the relative amount of 13C-labeled MLGs pr ...
Oriented cell motility and division underlie early limb bud
... buds at embryonic day (E) 11.0, four-dimensional time-lapse imaging revealed outward, rotatory movement of the surface ectoderm (Boot et al., 2008), although these studies were not at cellular resolution and neither mesoderm nor early stages were assessed. Lateral plate mesoderm cells lacking tbx5 i ...
... buds at embryonic day (E) 11.0, four-dimensional time-lapse imaging revealed outward, rotatory movement of the surface ectoderm (Boot et al., 2008), although these studies were not at cellular resolution and neither mesoderm nor early stages were assessed. Lateral plate mesoderm cells lacking tbx5 i ...
Sampathkumar-2011-Live Cell Imaging Re - Max
... In eukaryotic cells, the actin and microtubule (MT) cytoskeletal networks are dynamic structures that organize intracellular processes and facilitate their rapid reorganization. In plant cells, actin filaments (AFs) and MTs are essential for cell growth and morphogenesis. However, dynamic interactio ...
... In eukaryotic cells, the actin and microtubule (MT) cytoskeletal networks are dynamic structures that organize intracellular processes and facilitate their rapid reorganization. In plant cells, actin filaments (AFs) and MTs are essential for cell growth and morphogenesis. However, dynamic interactio ...
Differential Auxin-Transporting Activities of PIN
... central loop (hereafter called short-looped PINs). Although PIN5 was recently shown to be localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and proposed to transport auxin metabolites into the ER lumen, its cellular function regarding its intracellular auxin-transporting activity has not been shown, and t ...
... central loop (hereafter called short-looped PINs). Although PIN5 was recently shown to be localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and proposed to transport auxin metabolites into the ER lumen, its cellular function regarding its intracellular auxin-transporting activity has not been shown, and t ...
Cell-Mediated Crystallization of Calcium Oxalate in
... higher plants, the distribution of crystals, like their morphology, follows species-specific patterns, indicating regulation over the sites and modes of calcium oxalate accumulation (Arnott and Pautard, 1970). Why and how do different plants make such diverse crystals from the same chemical substanc ...
... higher plants, the distribution of crystals, like their morphology, follows species-specific patterns, indicating regulation over the sites and modes of calcium oxalate accumulation (Arnott and Pautard, 1970). Why and how do different plants make such diverse crystals from the same chemical substanc ...
Cellular and molecular regulation of cardiac glucose transport
... Glucose transporters cycle in and out of the sarcolemma, a process which is referred to as membrane vesicular trafficking. Most knowledge about GLUT4 trafficking has come from experiments performed in adipocytes, which are insulin-sensitive but have a much less complex membrane structure than cardia ...
... Glucose transporters cycle in and out of the sarcolemma, a process which is referred to as membrane vesicular trafficking. Most knowledge about GLUT4 trafficking has come from experiments performed in adipocytes, which are insulin-sensitive but have a much less complex membrane structure than cardia ...
Evidence for chloroplast control of external Ca -induced
... Ca2+ signals in plant cells. A putative thylakoid membranelocalized Ca2+ carrier protein, PPF1, may regulate flowering time by modulating the Ca2+ storage capacity of chloroplasts (Li et al., 2004; Wang et al., 2003). It was also proposed that chloroplast-localized CASTOR and POLLUX, homologues of t ...
... Ca2+ signals in plant cells. A putative thylakoid membranelocalized Ca2+ carrier protein, PPF1, may regulate flowering time by modulating the Ca2+ storage capacity of chloroplasts (Li et al., 2004; Wang et al., 2003). It was also proposed that chloroplast-localized CASTOR and POLLUX, homologues of t ...
THE RDOA-DEPENDENT PHOSPHOPROTEOME PROFILE OF Salmonella enterica
... Phosphorylation is a widely studied post-translational protein modification that can be observed in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. This process is controlled by two types of enzymes, kinases and phosphatases, that enable the transfer of phosphate from a nucleotide triphosphates such as ade ...
... Phosphorylation is a widely studied post-translational protein modification that can be observed in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. This process is controlled by two types of enzymes, kinases and phosphatases, that enable the transfer of phosphate from a nucleotide triphosphates such as ade ...
Cytokinesis defines a spatial landmark for hepatocyte polarization
... 17.5, which covers the developmental period for active bile canaliculus biogenesis (Kung et al., 2010; Navarro-Alvarez et al., 2010). Because of the difficulty in distinguishing the true fluorescence signal at the two-cell stage from the background noise in the liver sections (both appeared as small ...
... 17.5, which covers the developmental period for active bile canaliculus biogenesis (Kung et al., 2010; Navarro-Alvarez et al., 2010). Because of the difficulty in distinguishing the true fluorescence signal at the two-cell stage from the background noise in the liver sections (both appeared as small ...
Distinct Protease Requirements for Antigen Presentation In Vitro and
... choice for TTCF processing; however, in its absence, other enzymes can substitute to enable slower, but equally robust, adaptive immune responses. Moreover, clear relationships between Ags and processing proteases identified from short-term in vitro processing and presentation studies do not necessa ...
... choice for TTCF processing; however, in its absence, other enzymes can substitute to enable slower, but equally robust, adaptive immune responses. Moreover, clear relationships between Ags and processing proteases identified from short-term in vitro processing and presentation studies do not necessa ...
The Qualitative Effects of Resveratrol ... Administration on the Gluteus Complex ...
... Tidball, 2005; Hodgetts et al., 2006; Toumi et al., 2006). Neutrophils are the primary cells of an inflammatory response and are proposed to be largely responsible for the inflammation at onset of the dysferlinopathic disease process (Hodgetts et al.). Coenzyme Q10 is an endogenous antioxidant which ...
... Tidball, 2005; Hodgetts et al., 2006; Toumi et al., 2006). Neutrophils are the primary cells of an inflammatory response and are proposed to be largely responsible for the inflammation at onset of the dysferlinopathic disease process (Hodgetts et al.). Coenzyme Q10 is an endogenous antioxidant which ...
Microtubules
... The minus end of a-tubulin may contribute an essential residue to the catalytic site of b-tubulin. Thus the minus end of an a subunit may serve as GAP (GTPase activating protein) for b-tubulin of the adjacent dimer in a protofilament. A homologous bacterial protein FtsZ is considered the ancestor of ...
... The minus end of a-tubulin may contribute an essential residue to the catalytic site of b-tubulin. Thus the minus end of an a subunit may serve as GAP (GTPase activating protein) for b-tubulin of the adjacent dimer in a protofilament. A homologous bacterial protein FtsZ is considered the ancestor of ...
Systems‐based analysis of Arabidopsis leaf growth reveals
... et al, 1999). Cell expansion is driven by uptake of water into the vacuole and controlled modifications and enlargement of the cell wall, and accounts for most of the leaf mass increase in growing plants. It is associated with DNA endoreplication and differentiation into specialised cells (Ingram and ...
... et al, 1999). Cell expansion is driven by uptake of water into the vacuole and controlled modifications and enlargement of the cell wall, and accounts for most of the leaf mass increase in growing plants. It is associated with DNA endoreplication and differentiation into specialised cells (Ingram and ...