Biochemistry of Signal Transduction and Regulation - Beck-Shop
... – Extracellular messengers. Cells send out signals in the form of specific messenger molecules that the target cell transmits into a biochemical reaction. Signaling cells can simultaneously influence many cells by messenger molecules so as to enable a temporally coordinated reaction in an organism. ...
... – Extracellular messengers. Cells send out signals in the form of specific messenger molecules that the target cell transmits into a biochemical reaction. Signaling cells can simultaneously influence many cells by messenger molecules so as to enable a temporally coordinated reaction in an organism. ...
Anion-Channel Blockers Inhibit S-Type Anion
... and final stomatal apertures were increased. It is well documented that high concentrations of approximately 50 mM Kt are required to produce wide stomatal opening in epidermal peels of C. communis (Schwartz et al., 1988). Interestingly, Figure 1B shows that 300 p~ 9-AC produced a striking enhanceme ...
... and final stomatal apertures were increased. It is well documented that high concentrations of approximately 50 mM Kt are required to produce wide stomatal opening in epidermal peels of C. communis (Schwartz et al., 1988). Interestingly, Figure 1B shows that 300 p~ 9-AC produced a striking enhanceme ...
103 Rev Ex1 key Win06
... 28. What are the roles of aldosterone and cortisone (two corticosteroids produced in the adrenal glands)? Aldosterone acts in the kidneys to control electrolyte balance and water retention. Cortisone raises the blood glucose level by limiting glucose metabolism to the nervous system and by stimulati ...
... 28. What are the roles of aldosterone and cortisone (two corticosteroids produced in the adrenal glands)? Aldosterone acts in the kidneys to control electrolyte balance and water retention. Cortisone raises the blood glucose level by limiting glucose metabolism to the nervous system and by stimulati ...
Spatial localization of the first and last enzymes effectively connects
... Results: We found that out of 857 globular enzymes, at least 219 have a discrete punctuate localization in the cytoplasm and catalyze the first or the last reaction in 60% of biosynthetic pathways. A graph-theoretic analysis of E. coli’s metabolic network shows that localized enzymes, in contrast to ...
... Results: We found that out of 857 globular enzymes, at least 219 have a discrete punctuate localization in the cytoplasm and catalyze the first or the last reaction in 60% of biosynthetic pathways. A graph-theoretic analysis of E. coli’s metabolic network shows that localized enzymes, in contrast to ...
Multicellular trichomes in Arabidopsis - Development
... and co-workers (Hemerly et al., 1995) introduced a dominantnegative mutant of a mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase gene into transgenic tobacco plants, which resulted in plants with essentially normal morphology, but fewer and larger cells. In another study, overexpression of a mitotic B-cyclin in Arab ...
... and co-workers (Hemerly et al., 1995) introduced a dominantnegative mutant of a mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase gene into transgenic tobacco plants, which resulted in plants with essentially normal morphology, but fewer and larger cells. In another study, overexpression of a mitotic B-cyclin in Arab ...
Document
... The principal role of Autophagy this ubiquitous eukaryotic homeostatic mechanism is to ensure cell survival under adverse conditions nutrient absence, growth factor withdrawal accumulation of toxic protein aggregates Faulty organelles (e.g., leaky mitochondria) infection by intracellular ...
... The principal role of Autophagy this ubiquitous eukaryotic homeostatic mechanism is to ensure cell survival under adverse conditions nutrient absence, growth factor withdrawal accumulation of toxic protein aggregates Faulty organelles (e.g., leaky mitochondria) infection by intracellular ...
Ions and Pollen Tube Growth
... 1997; Feijó et al. 1999). Acidic conditions are necessary, with pH 7 being unable to support tube elongation (Holdaway-Clarke et al. 2003). Studies on the intracellular distribution of H+ reveal that pollen tubes possess a unique intracellular pH gradient (Feijó et al. 1999). However, because of the ...
... 1997; Feijó et al. 1999). Acidic conditions are necessary, with pH 7 being unable to support tube elongation (Holdaway-Clarke et al. 2003). Studies on the intracellular distribution of H+ reveal that pollen tubes possess a unique intracellular pH gradient (Feijó et al. 1999). However, because of the ...
Stat3/Cdc25a-dependent cell proliferation promotes embryonic axis
... Surprisingly, neither zygotic stat3stl27/stl27 nor stat3stl28/stl28 mutant embryos showed overt gastrulation defects described in the previous morpholino studies [12], and displayed normal morphology and notochord formation until 15 dpf (Fig 2A and 2D). During later larval stages, stat3stl28/stl28 ( ...
... Surprisingly, neither zygotic stat3stl27/stl27 nor stat3stl28/stl28 mutant embryos showed overt gastrulation defects described in the previous morpholino studies [12], and displayed normal morphology and notochord formation until 15 dpf (Fig 2A and 2D). During later larval stages, stat3stl28/stl28 ( ...
PIN-Dependent Auxin Transport: Action, Regulation
... members of the family, and look at the family from an evolutionary perspective. Next, we cover the cell biological and molecular aspects of PIN function, in particular the establishment of their polar subcellular localization. Hormonal and environmental inputs into the regulation of PIN action are s ...
... members of the family, and look at the family from an evolutionary perspective. Next, we cover the cell biological and molecular aspects of PIN function, in particular the establishment of their polar subcellular localization. Hormonal and environmental inputs into the regulation of PIN action are s ...
LRRK2 and neuroinflammation: partners in crime
... in vivo, and that additional mutations, other than G2019S, appear to increase autophosphorylation at this site [22], consistent with an in vitro study focused on autophosphorylation [23]. Monitoring phosphorylation of serine 1292 in cells represents an important tool for future studies addressing pa ...
... in vivo, and that additional mutations, other than G2019S, appear to increase autophosphorylation at this site [22], consistent with an in vitro study focused on autophosphorylation [23]. Monitoring phosphorylation of serine 1292 in cells represents an important tool for future studies addressing pa ...
Physical interaction between pRb and cdk9/cyclinT2 complex
... suggest that, in logarithmically growing cells, cdk9/ cyclin T2 and pRb are located in a nuclear multiprotein complex probably involved in transduction of cellular signals to the basal transcription machinery and that one of these signals could be the cdk9 phosphorylation of pRb. Oncogene (2002) 21, ...
... suggest that, in logarithmically growing cells, cdk9/ cyclin T2 and pRb are located in a nuclear multiprotein complex probably involved in transduction of cellular signals to the basal transcription machinery and that one of these signals could be the cdk9 phosphorylation of pRb. Oncogene (2002) 21, ...
From filaments to function: The role of the plant actin cytoskeleton in
... compounds, phosphoinositides) within and from the cell have been described (Staiger et al. 2009; Lee and Dominguez 2010; Day et al. 2011; Smethurst et al. 2013). In this regard, we posit that actin’s most important role – as it relates to biotic stress perception – may be in its function as an inter ...
... compounds, phosphoinositides) within and from the cell have been described (Staiger et al. 2009; Lee and Dominguez 2010; Day et al. 2011; Smethurst et al. 2013). In this regard, we posit that actin’s most important role – as it relates to biotic stress perception – may be in its function as an inter ...
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... homeostasis in all organisms. Despite this profound importance in biology, we know remarkably little about how mechanical input forces delivered to a cell are interpreted to an extensive repertoire of output physiological responses. Recent, elegant genetic and electrophysiological studies have shown ...
... homeostasis in all organisms. Despite this profound importance in biology, we know remarkably little about how mechanical input forces delivered to a cell are interpreted to an extensive repertoire of output physiological responses. Recent, elegant genetic and electrophysiological studies have shown ...
Dissecting stimulus-specific Ca2+ signals in amyloplasts and
... chimeras, which were targeted to the plastid stroma (Fig. 2A), the outer membrane of the plastid envelope (Fig. 2B), and the cytosol (Fig. 2C), respectively. Heterotrophic cell cultures were challenged with different environmental stimuli with well-established Ca2+-mediated signal transduction. This ...
... chimeras, which were targeted to the plastid stroma (Fig. 2A), the outer membrane of the plastid envelope (Fig. 2B), and the cytosol (Fig. 2C), respectively. Heterotrophic cell cultures were challenged with different environmental stimuli with well-established Ca2+-mediated signal transduction. This ...
On the Anatomy and Physiology of the Tunicata.
... mosing tubes spread over the intestine, the tubes being divided into systems by the interruption of the anastomoses along certain lines where the twigs end in blind sacs, which are occasionally a little enlarged and rounded. The main branches leading from the network exhibit a tendency to divide dic ...
... mosing tubes spread over the intestine, the tubes being divided into systems by the interruption of the anastomoses along certain lines where the twigs end in blind sacs, which are occasionally a little enlarged and rounded. The main branches leading from the network exhibit a tendency to divide dic ...
chloroquine inhibits lysosomal enzyme pinocytosis and enhances
... Adsorptive pinocytosis of acid hydrolases by fibroblasts depends on phosphomannosyl recognition markers on the enzymes and high-affinity pinocytosis receptors on the cell surface. In this study, ß-glucuronidase binding to the cell surface of attached fibroblasts was found to be saturable and inhibit ...
... Adsorptive pinocytosis of acid hydrolases by fibroblasts depends on phosphomannosyl recognition markers on the enzymes and high-affinity pinocytosis receptors on the cell surface. In this study, ß-glucuronidase binding to the cell surface of attached fibroblasts was found to be saturable and inhibit ...
Adhesion and Adhesives of Fungi and Oomycetes
... plants are hydrophobic and relatively inert and aquatic fungi can adhere to rocks. Microscopy of fungi that are in the process of adhering also indicates that fungalsubstratum adhesion is mediated by a glue, i.e., a secreted macromolecule that extends from the fungus onto the adjacent surface and bi ...
... plants are hydrophobic and relatively inert and aquatic fungi can adhere to rocks. Microscopy of fungi that are in the process of adhering also indicates that fungalsubstratum adhesion is mediated by a glue, i.e., a secreted macromolecule that extends from the fungus onto the adjacent surface and bi ...
ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: EXPLORING THE ROLE OF NFκB
... I would like to extend thanks to my advisor, Louisa Wu, for her support and guidance during the last few years. I would also like to thank the members of my committee, Dr. Lian Yong Gao and Dr. Leslie Pick, for their advice on my research and writing. The members (past and present) of the Wu lab hav ...
... I would like to extend thanks to my advisor, Louisa Wu, for her support and guidance during the last few years. I would also like to thank the members of my committee, Dr. Lian Yong Gao and Dr. Leslie Pick, for their advice on my research and writing. The members (past and present) of the Wu lab hav ...
A storage form of ribosomes in mouse oocytes
... nections between beads were approx. 1 25 A effect on the lattices, but they were readily in diameter. destroyed by either trypsin or RNase. In all Sometimes the chains existed singly but cases, control preparations were unaffected. they were often interconnected to one another It may therefore be co ...
... nections between beads were approx. 1 25 A effect on the lattices, but they were readily in diameter. destroyed by either trypsin or RNase. In all Sometimes the chains existed singly but cases, control preparations were unaffected. they were often interconnected to one another It may therefore be co ...
Genetic Models of Mechanotransduction: The
... MscS and MscM are two additional mechanically gated channels in E. coli that show different pressure sensitivity, with MscM appearing less frequent in bacterial cells, compared with MscL and MscS, which are typically found in excess. MscS is relatively nonselective, displaying a slight preference fo ...
... MscS and MscM are two additional mechanically gated channels in E. coli that show different pressure sensitivity, with MscM appearing less frequent in bacterial cells, compared with MscL and MscS, which are typically found in excess. MscS is relatively nonselective, displaying a slight preference fo ...
Cytokinin–auxin crosstalk
... We also focus on recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms through which these hormones interact to control plant organ development. Cytokinin biosynthesis, transport and signalling Cytokinins came to light because of their ability to promote cell division in tobacco tissue culture [ ...
... We also focus on recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms through which these hormones interact to control plant organ development. Cytokinin biosynthesis, transport and signalling Cytokinins came to light because of their ability to promote cell division in tobacco tissue culture [ ...
Auxin: a regulator of cold stress response
... levels to regulate the developmental plasticity, which powers the plant to adapt to continuous environmental changes. At optimum growth condition, a regulated and differential intracellular distribution of auxin aids many adaptation processes that include embryo patterning, organogenesis, meristem p ...
... levels to regulate the developmental plasticity, which powers the plant to adapt to continuous environmental changes. At optimum growth condition, a regulated and differential intracellular distribution of auxin aids many adaptation processes that include embryo patterning, organogenesis, meristem p ...