... Polar transport–dependent local accumulation of auxin provides positional cues for multiple plant patterning processes. This directional auxin flow depends on the polar subcellular localization of the PIN auxin efflux regulators. Overexpression of the PINOID protein kinase induces a basal-toapical s ...
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... maintained in shell-less culture are substantially retarded in their gross development as compared to normal embryos developing in ovo. In the present study, to assess the effect of shell supplementation in vitro, the Hamburger-Hamilton developmental stages, (Hamilton, 1952) of N, SL, and SS embryos ...
... maintained in shell-less culture are substantially retarded in their gross development as compared to normal embryos developing in ovo. In the present study, to assess the effect of shell supplementation in vitro, the Hamburger-Hamilton developmental stages, (Hamilton, 1952) of N, SL, and SS embryos ...
Dishevelled: at the crossroads of divergent
... are linked, e.g. what the intermediates are between Fz and Dsh, and between Dsh and the small GTPases (see below). 3. Functional studies of Dishevelled 3.1. Molecular features of Dishevelled Despite the genetic requirement for Dsh in wg and polarity signaling, its molecular functions remain unclear. ...
... are linked, e.g. what the intermediates are between Fz and Dsh, and between Dsh and the small GTPases (see below). 3. Functional studies of Dishevelled 3.1. Molecular features of Dishevelled Despite the genetic requirement for Dsh in wg and polarity signaling, its molecular functions remain unclear. ...
Chapter 15 Digestive System
... the peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wall (Figs. 15.10 and 15.11). The posterior leaf of the dorsal mesogastrium and the peritoneum along this line of fusion degenerate. The spleen, which remains intraperitoneal, is then connected to the body wall in the region of the left kidney by the lienore ...
... the peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wall (Figs. 15.10 and 15.11). The posterior leaf of the dorsal mesogastrium and the peritoneum along this line of fusion degenerate. The spleen, which remains intraperitoneal, is then connected to the body wall in the region of the left kidney by the lienore ...
Caspary T, Larkins CE, Anderson KV. Dev Cell. 2007 May;12(5):767-78. The graded response to Sonic Hedgehog depends on cilia architecture.
... (Huangfu and Anderson, 2005). This hypothesis was supported by the demonstration that several components of the classical Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway are enriched in cilia. Smoothened (Smo), a transmembrane protein that is essential for Hh signaling, is enriched in the cilia of Hh respond ...
... (Huangfu and Anderson, 2005). This hypothesis was supported by the demonstration that several components of the classical Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway are enriched in cilia. Smoothened (Smo), a transmembrane protein that is essential for Hh signaling, is enriched in the cilia of Hh respond ...
Active Hair Bundle Movements and the Cochlear Amplifier
... These mechanisms can vary between species, but there are some fundamental similarities used by hair cells to overcome difficulties that are common to each. One common problem faced by all hair cells is that the energy associated with sound at threshold is small. In order to obtain such low threshold ...
... These mechanisms can vary between species, but there are some fundamental similarities used by hair cells to overcome difficulties that are common to each. One common problem faced by all hair cells is that the energy associated with sound at threshold is small. In order to obtain such low threshold ...
The Platform Protein Is Essential for Type IV Pilus
... T4P are divided into type IVa (T4aP) and type IVb (T4bP) subclasses. Both subclasses are associated with adherence and cellcell aggregation, but T4aP also mediate a form of flagellumindependent locomotion called “twitching” motility (6, 7). The forces that drive twitching arise from the depolymeriza ...
... T4P are divided into type IVa (T4aP) and type IVb (T4bP) subclasses. Both subclasses are associated with adherence and cellcell aggregation, but T4aP also mediate a form of flagellumindependent locomotion called “twitching” motility (6, 7). The forces that drive twitching arise from the depolymeriza ...
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... Bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes use different strategies to recruit mRNA (Fig. 2.4). In bacteria, the 30S subunit directly binds mRNA in the vicinity of the start codon. This process is mediated by the Shine–Dalgarno sequence, a unique feature of bacterial mRNAs that is located upstream of the st ...
... Bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes use different strategies to recruit mRNA (Fig. 2.4). In bacteria, the 30S subunit directly binds mRNA in the vicinity of the start codon. This process is mediated by the Shine–Dalgarno sequence, a unique feature of bacterial mRNAs that is located upstream of the st ...
Functional Analysis of Cellulose and Xyloglucan
... stomatal guard cells from young seedlings respond to ABA and dark treatments, which are normally used to induce stomatal closure in mature leaves, we carried out stomatal closure assays in 6-d-old seedlings expressing GFP-CESA3 and visualized stomatal apertures by staining with propidium iodide (PI) ...
... stomatal guard cells from young seedlings respond to ABA and dark treatments, which are normally used to induce stomatal closure in mature leaves, we carried out stomatal closure assays in 6-d-old seedlings expressing GFP-CESA3 and visualized stomatal apertures by staining with propidium iodide (PI) ...
Targeted wild-type and jerker espins reveal a novel, WH2
... previously for espin 3A and espin 3B (Sekerková et al., 2004). Moreover, deletion of the 17-aa core also reduced the rapid recovery of photobleached GFP--actin observed throughout the length of the long microvilli of espin-expressing epithelial cells, suggesting that the WH2 domain of PAB-associate ...
... previously for espin 3A and espin 3B (Sekerková et al., 2004). Moreover, deletion of the 17-aa core also reduced the rapid recovery of photobleached GFP--actin observed throughout the length of the long microvilli of espin-expressing epithelial cells, suggesting that the WH2 domain of PAB-associate ...
Requirements for CPC localization during anaphase
... partial release of Cdc14p, leading to dephosphorylation of Sli15p. C) At late anaphase the CPC is located at the midbody. If no chromatin is present at the midbody, the CPC will localize Boi1p and Boi2p to the nucleus, which leads to a rearrangement of Septins so cytokinesis will proceed. Adapted fr ...
... partial release of Cdc14p, leading to dephosphorylation of Sli15p. C) At late anaphase the CPC is located at the midbody. If no chromatin is present at the midbody, the CPC will localize Boi1p and Boi2p to the nucleus, which leads to a rearrangement of Septins so cytokinesis will proceed. Adapted fr ...
Molecular Structure and Physiological Function of Chloride Channels
... classified as to their localization (plasma membrane vs. vesicular), single-channel conductance, or mechanism of regulation. However, such classification schemes are ambiguous. For instance, the same channel may reside in the plasma membrane and in intracellular organelles, or the mechanisms of acti ...
... classified as to their localization (plasma membrane vs. vesicular), single-channel conductance, or mechanism of regulation. However, such classification schemes are ambiguous. For instance, the same channel may reside in the plasma membrane and in intracellular organelles, or the mechanisms of acti ...
A Study of Specificity of Cores for Group D Streptococci
... that only non-tubular cores occur in the parent bacterial form of S. faecalis G-K and in bacterial forms of other group D streptococci; they did not detect cores in streptococcal strains of serological groups A, B and C and of the viridans group, nor in single strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Esche ...
... that only non-tubular cores occur in the parent bacterial form of S. faecalis G-K and in bacterial forms of other group D streptococci; they did not detect cores in streptococcal strains of serological groups A, B and C and of the viridans group, nor in single strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Esche ...
Agrin-related Molecules Are Concentrated at Acetylcholine Receptor
... HE neuromuscular junction is comprised of a precisely localized array of molecular and morphological specializations. For example, the postsynaptic apparatus is characterized by high concentrations of acetylcholine receptor (AchR) t and acetylcholinesterase, as well as by distinctive junctional fold ...
... HE neuromuscular junction is comprised of a precisely localized array of molecular and morphological specializations. For example, the postsynaptic apparatus is characterized by high concentrations of acetylcholine receptor (AchR) t and acetylcholinesterase, as well as by distinctive junctional fold ...
Localization of Laminin B1 mRNA in Retinal Ganglion Cells by In
... et al., 1987). Fig. 1 shows localization of laminin in the developing mouse retina. In embryonic eyes, the laminin antibody stains a variety of ocular tissues including the neural retina. At embryonic day (E) 12 (E-12), laminin is present throughout the lens epithelium (Fig. 1 A). In the retina, a b ...
... et al., 1987). Fig. 1 shows localization of laminin in the developing mouse retina. In embryonic eyes, the laminin antibody stains a variety of ocular tissues including the neural retina. At embryonic day (E) 12 (E-12), laminin is present throughout the lens epithelium (Fig. 1 A). In the retina, a b ...
The anorexigenic cytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor stimulates
... CNTF and its receptor subunits are expressed in anorexigenic neurons of the ARC. We have demonstrated previously that CNTF was expressed in 90% of astrocytes and 75% of neurons in the rat ARC (57). Because CNTF administration decreases food intake, we addressed the possibility for the cytokine to be ...
... CNTF and its receptor subunits are expressed in anorexigenic neurons of the ARC. We have demonstrated previously that CNTF was expressed in 90% of astrocytes and 75% of neurons in the rat ARC (57). Because CNTF administration decreases food intake, we addressed the possibility for the cytokine to be ...
The Cytoplasmlc Inclusions of the Neurones of Helix aspersa and
... can be divided into three main groups (fig. 1 and fig. 5, p. 54): 'Green1 globules. These are the same globules that appeared yellowish when examined unstained by direct microscopy. They seem to be formed by aggregation of several small ones. They become green after staining for 10 minutes. The sate ...
... can be divided into three main groups (fig. 1 and fig. 5, p. 54): 'Green1 globules. These are the same globules that appeared yellowish when examined unstained by direct microscopy. They seem to be formed by aggregation of several small ones. They become green after staining for 10 minutes. The sate ...
2. Splanchnology
... The thoracic portion of the esophagus is at first situated in the superior mediastinum between the trachea and the vertebral column. It then passes behind and to the right of the aortic arch, and descends in the posterior mediastinum along the right side of the descending aorta, then runs in front ...
... The thoracic portion of the esophagus is at first situated in the superior mediastinum between the trachea and the vertebral column. It then passes behind and to the right of the aortic arch, and descends in the posterior mediastinum along the right side of the descending aorta, then runs in front ...
Potential mechanisms involved in the absorptive transport of
... have been proposed. For example, it has been suggested that renal tubular uptake of Cd ions may involve transporters of the cationic species of the essential elements, such as Ca2+ , Fe2+ and Zn2+ . One transport-pathway implicated in the uptake of the divalent cationic form of Cd (Cd2+ ) involves t ...
... have been proposed. For example, it has been suggested that renal tubular uptake of Cd ions may involve transporters of the cationic species of the essential elements, such as Ca2+ , Fe2+ and Zn2+ . One transport-pathway implicated in the uptake of the divalent cationic form of Cd (Cd2+ ) involves t ...
–plasma-membrane junctions by Kv2.1 Induction of stable ER potassium channels
... ER–plasma-membrane junctions, or sub-surface cisterns (SSCs), as demonstrated by more than 50 years of electron microscopy experiments (Rosenbluth, 1962), little is known about the molecular components involved in neuronal ER–plasma-membrane junction formation, maintenance and function (Helle et al. ...
... ER–plasma-membrane junctions, or sub-surface cisterns (SSCs), as demonstrated by more than 50 years of electron microscopy experiments (Rosenbluth, 1962), little is known about the molecular components involved in neuronal ER–plasma-membrane junction formation, maintenance and function (Helle et al. ...