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Name: B2 6 Mark Questions Date: Time: Total marks available: Total
Name: B2 6 Mark Questions Date: Time: Total marks available: Total

... (ii) John washes his clothes using a biological washing powder on a 60 °C washing programme. Explain why the clothes were not washed as well as he had hoped. ...
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS Dermoscopy of
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS Dermoscopy of

... amastigotes in Giemsa-stained smears from infected skin by direct microscopy or intracellular amastigotes in the dermis or the presence of leishmanial granulomas in skin biopsy or growth of promastigotes in culture medium. 1–3 Dermoscopy is a noninvasive, in vivo method of diagnosis which allows the ...
The Living World - Chapter 25 - McGraw Hill Higher Education
The Living World - Chapter 25 - McGraw Hill Higher Education

... Circulation Through the Heart Blood eventually returns to the heart The superior vena cava drains the upper body The inferior vena cava drains the lower body Blood passes from the right atrium into the right ventricle through the one-way tricuspid valve Ventricle contracts forcing blood through the ...
On the origin, evolution, and nature of programmed cell
On the origin, evolution, and nature of programmed cell

... and integrity of multicellular organisms. Conversely, the dysregulation of mechanisms controlling cell suicide plays a role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases. While great progress has been achieved in the unveiling of the molecular mechanisms of programmed cell death, a new level of co ...
Section 5
Section 5

... maintaining ...
Getting to the root of plant biology: impact of the Arabidopsis
Getting to the root of plant biology: impact of the Arabidopsis

... roots. Useful insights were obtained, but there was a nagging doubt that responses specific to individual cell types or tissues would be missed, as they were diluted out in the mass of the whole plant or organ. To address this concern, new approaches were needed to allow expression analysis of only ...
Characterization of CIC transporter proteins Moradi, Hossein
Characterization of CIC transporter proteins Moradi, Hossein

... transported is established. The Nernst potential considers next to the difference in concentration also the fact that charges are transported. As soon as for instance K+ flows through a potassium-specific channel it leaves a negative charge behind and thus a potential difference across the membrane ...
Total of 4 marks for question 3 Fill in the blanks question
Total of 4 marks for question 3 Fill in the blanks question

... Explain how the small intestine, which fits into a fairly small space in the body, manages to have such a large surface area to help it absorb food nutrients. The small intestine has millions of tiny finger like projections called villi (1 mark) that are folded up on one and other to make up a large ...
Exploring glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5) enzymes
Exploring glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5) enzymes

... 1.1.1 Plant cell wall structure and application 1.1.1.1 Primary cell wall The primary cell walls of plants are formed by growing cells under the pectin-rich middle lamella which is formed after cell division (Fig. 1). The thickness and morphology of primary cell walls are dependent on the source. In ...
BIOL-6A Lab Manual
BIOL-6A Lab Manual

... The Process of Scientific Inquiry Many people mistakenly view science as an accumulation of indisputable facts. Actually, science is a process used to answer questions, solve problems, and better understand events in nature. Scientific research constantly challenges our understanding of the physical ...
Circulation & Gas Exchange
Circulation & Gas Exchange

... below the cuff. If the artery is closed, there is no pulse below the cuff. The cuff is gradually deflated until blood begins to flow into the forearm, and sounds from blood pulsing into the artery below the cuff can be heard with the stethoscope. This occurs when the blood pressure is greater than t ...
Link
Link

... The core neuronal networks that control rhythmic respiratory and locomotor motor behaviors reside in the hindbrain and spinal cord, respectively. These CPG networks generate simple organized motor rhythms in an autonomous manner. Initial efforts to decipher the general organization of these simple m ...
PDF - BMC Biotechnology
PDF - BMC Biotechnology

... in lignocellulosic material appear to decrease the specific sugar uptake rate and the specific ethanol production rate [21,5], both of which are highly correlated with ATP production. Adenine nucleotides also participate in numerous intracellular reactions, and their intracellular concentrations may ...
Blood Pressure
Blood Pressure

... below the cuff. If the artery is closed, there is no pulse below the cuff. The cuff is gradually deflated until blood begins to flow into the forearm, and sounds from blood pulsing into the artery below the cuff can be heard with the stethoscope. This occurs when the blood pressure is greater than t ...
Chapter 19: Circulation
Chapter 19: Circulation

... pressure. Figure 8 shows the instruments used to measure blood pressure. When blood pressure is higher than normal most of the time, extra strain is placed on the heart. The heart must work harder to keep blood flowing. One cause of hypertension is atherosclerosis. A clogged artery can increase pres ...
ZAMZAMI N, KROEMER G, 2001. The mitochondrion in apoptosis
ZAMZAMI N, KROEMER G, 2001. The mitochondrion in apoptosis

... Naoufal Zamzami and Guido Kroemer There is widespread agreement that mitochondria have a function in apoptosis, but the mechanisms behind their involvement remain controversial. Here we suggest that opening of a multiprotein complex called the mitochondrial permeability transition pore complex is su ...
Horizontal gene transfer in bacteria in microfabriated environments
Horizontal gene transfer in bacteria in microfabriated environments

... fabrication of in vitro model systems for studies of bacterial processes such as quorum sensing and horizontal gene transfer. We report a rapid and convenient method to generate patterned bacterial co-cultures using surface chemistry to regulate bacterial adhesion and liftoff patterning for controll ...
high-throughput transient gene expression in plant
high-throughput transient gene expression in plant

... transfection. The plant cell microarray has several potential applications. It is useful as a high-throughput protein production platform for testing and optimizing foreign gene expression, expression of cDNA libraries, gene silencing experiments, creating protein chips, testing metabolic engineerin ...
Chapter One: Characteristics Of Living Organisms
Chapter One: Characteristics Of Living Organisms

... All organisms are made of cells, organisms are made of several organ systems, each organ system contains several organs, each organ contains several tissues, each tissue is made of cells. Cells are very tiny they could be seen only through a microscope. We have two types of cells: CELLS ...
Cathepsin D released by lactating rat mammary epithelial cells is
Cathepsin D released by lactating rat mammary epithelial cells is

... environment of mammary gland has not been described. Moreover, this protease is believed to require a very acidic pH to exert its activity, a condition that is unlikely to be found in the pericellular space. For a better comprehension of the physiological significance of PRL cleavage by the mammary ...
Structure and Organelles
Structure and Organelles

... Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. • The nucleus stores genetic information. • Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. • There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. – rough endoplasmic reticulum – smooth endoplasmic reticulum ...
Non-dimensional physics of pulsatile cardiovascular networks and
Non-dimensional physics of pulsatile cardiovascular networks and

... complete network-independent non-dimensional formulation that incorporates pulsatile flow regimes is developed. Mechanical design variables of cardiovascular flow systems are identified and the Buckingham Pi theorem is formally applied to obtain the corresponding non-dimensional scaling parameter se ...
OPTIMISATION OF CHO CELL GROWTH AND
OPTIMISATION OF CHO CELL GROWTH AND

... proteins. More defmed culture media are being developed, particularly to ensure batch product consistency. A Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line (CHO 320) producing human interferon-y (IFN-y), a glycosylated protein, was chosen to investigate the effects of the culture environment on (I) cell growth, (2 ...
Identification and characterisation of SMIM1
Identification and characterisation of SMIM1

... And in case the errors prove non-fatal, they will still make the blood unique. A seemingly harmless mutation may change the blood cells just enough to set them apart from the rest of the population. Meaning that if ever the need for administration of foreign blood arises, if it is not carefully sele ...
Microtubule associated protein END BINDING 1b: functional domain
Microtubule associated protein END BINDING 1b: functional domain

... Most life-forms on Earth are supported, either directly or indirectly, by plants. These photosynthetic organisms are primary producers in the food chain, and they also provide fuel, industrial material, and even medicine for humans. Meyer et al. (2012) have estimated that just over 100 terrestrial p ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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