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Endothelial Barrier Function Adenosine
Endothelial Barrier Function Adenosine

... During episodes of inflammation, multiple cell types release adenine nucleotides in the form of ATP, ADP, 5ⴕ-AMP, and adenosine. In particular, following activation, polymorphonuclear leukocytes release larger quantities of 5ⴕ-AMP. Extracellular 5ⴕ-AMP is metabolized to adenosine by surface-expresse ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... Each plant starts life from the zygote formed by the fusion of an egg and a sperm cell. The zygote gives rise to a multicellular embryo that displays a basic plant body organization and is surrounded by nutritive endosperm and maternal tissue. How the body organization is generated had already been ...
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1

... characteristics by using an inverted microscope and a 20⫻ phase contrast objective. Rare cells displaying abnormal or clearly apoptotic characteristics were not counted. To minimize temperature changes, 200 –300 cells were counted in ⬍2 min. When double thymidine arrest was performed along with RNAi ...
atlas of dengue viruses morphology and morphogenesis
atlas of dengue viruses morphology and morphogenesis

... Electron microscopy has been used as a very efficient tool to study virus particle morphology (Ackermann & Berthiaume, 1995; Doane & Anderson, 1987; Madeley & Field, 1988), as the unique technique for direct visualization of morphological structures. Virus infected tissues can also be analyzed by th ...
Skeletal System - Carson
Skeletal System - Carson

... learned. Jumpstarters help students do just that while also preparing them for the day’s lesson by focusing on the topic of study. The short warm-up activities in this book provide activities that help students review what they have learned. Each page contains five warm-ups (one for each day of the ...
Spatiotemporal Patterning of Reactive Oxygen Production and Ca2+
Spatiotemporal Patterning of Reactive Oxygen Production and Ca2+

... demonstrated. However, essential spatiotemporal data that would allow mechanistic interpretations of the interdependence of Ca2 and ROS signals is lacking. Two-celled Fucus serratus embryos comprise a polarized growing rhizoid cell and a thallus cell and experience regular and dramatic natural chan ...
immunoglobulins antigen-antibody reactions and selected tests
immunoglobulins antigen-antibody reactions and selected tests

... blood cells or bacteria or other such particulate antigen is added.  Then the maximum dilution that gives agglutination is determined. The maximum dilution that gives visible agglutination is called the titer. The results are reported as the reciprocal of the maximal dilution that gives visible agg ...
Auxin and other signals on the move in plants
Auxin and other signals on the move in plants

... Short-range transport. Membranes of plant cells are not in direct contact with each other because of the presence of a cellulose-based cell wall. Thus, molecules have three possibilities for short-range movement: (i) transport inside the cell wall, without entering the cell (apoplastic transport); ( ...
primate biologics research at a crossroads
primate biologics research at a crossroads

... fundamental elements of the technology and in producing the medicines used to treat patients. Although NHPs make up less than 0.1% of the animals used in research, they play a key role in drug development due to their similarity to humans with regard to sensory organs, hormonal systems, reproduction ...
Full Text  - Global Science Books
Full Text - Global Science Books

... far more complex. Except for the first cell division that has been reported to be also asymmetric, the subsequent cell divisions follow a variable and unpredictable cell division pattern (even at the very early stages) during monocot embryogenesis (Zimmermann and Werr 2007). As a result, cell type s ...
High-dose therapy and autologous stem cell
High-dose therapy and autologous stem cell

... treatments will be taken into account. The length of treatment varies depending on the type of treatment(s) being used and the stage at which the treatment is being given. Treatment is usually given over a number of weeks which may or may not be followed by a rest period. This pattern constitutes on ...
Accepted version - QMRO Home - Queen Mary University of London
Accepted version - QMRO Home - Queen Mary University of London

... Recent pre-clinical and clinical research has suggested that transplantation of bone marrowderived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is a promising new approach for the treatment of heart failure.[1] Although cardiomyogenic differentiation of these cells in vivo is limited, MSCs are able to induce th ...
Cancer across the tree of life: cooperation and cheating in
Cancer across the tree of life: cooperation and cheating in

... In multicellular organisms, programmed cell death (PCD) is a central contributor to the development, organization and maintenance of the body [17], allowing for embryonic development and tissue maintenance [18,19]. The evolutionary origin of PCD in multicellular organisms can be traced back to simil ...
Manual on borderline and classification in the Community
Manual on borderline and classification in the Community

... apparatus, equipment, or system, whether used alone or in combination, intended by the manufacturer to be used in vitro for the examination of specimens, including blood and tissue donations, derived from the human body, solely or principally for the purpose of providing information: — concerning a ...
Ann Rev of Physiol, v 63, pp. 847-869
Ann Rev of Physiol, v 63, pp. 847-869

... Homeostatic Response to Altered Innervation at Central and Neuromuscular Synapses The homeostatic control of neuronal or muscle function implies that the summed strength of all synaptic inputs should remain within certain bounds. According to this hypothesis, increasing the number of synaptic contac ...
regulation of the cytoskeleton and cell adhesion by
regulation of the cytoskeleton and cell adhesion by

... catalytic activity of PKN (98). The physiological functions of PKN/PRK1 are unknown. PRK2 is an isoform of PKN/PRK1 and appears to associate with GTP·Rac. PRK2 also interacts with Rho, but in a GDP/GTP-independent manner (100, 101). The expression of a kinase-deficient form of PRK2 disrupts actin st ...
MANUAL ON BORDERLINE AND CLASSIFICATION IN THE
MANUAL ON BORDERLINE AND CLASSIFICATION IN THE

... apparatus, equipment, or system, whether used alone or in combination, intended by the manufacturer to be used in vitro for the examination of specimens, including blood and tissue donations, derived from the human body, solely or principally for the purpose of providing information: — concerning a ...
Muscle Injury and the Role of Myosatellite Cells in Muscle Healing
Muscle Injury and the Role of Myosatellite Cells in Muscle Healing

... muscle tissue. Immediate treatment of muscle injuries follows the “RICE” principle that dictates rest, ice, compression and elevation for the injury. The goal of this treatment is to minimize bleeding into the site of the injury. Continuing to exercise or move the muscle immediately after the injury ...
Merlin and Expanded interact - Development
Merlin and Expanded interact - Development

... Dose-sensitive genetic interactions have been shown to be a reliable indicator of functional interactions between genes (Chang et al., 1994). Reduction of ex function in the Mer3 hemizygous background with either ex697 or exe1 resulted in an enhancement of the Mer3 head phenotypes (Fig. 1B,C); the a ...
Contributions by members of the TGFbeta superfamily to lens
Contributions by members of the TGFbeta superfamily to lens

... 2000). Germ line deletion of at least two ligands, BMP4 and BMP7, showed that they participate in lens induction and later eye development (Furuta and Hogan 1998, Jena et al., 1997, Luo et al., 1995, Solursh et al., 1996, Wawersik et al., 1999). There is also evidence that BMPs and TGFβs contribute ...
Growing models of vertebrate limb development - ICB-USP
Growing models of vertebrate limb development - ICB-USP

... embryo. One aspect of limb development that has perplexed several generations of researchers is the importance of growth. This might appear to be a trivial problem because growth occurs throughout the period when pattern is laid down and so, in the broadest sense, it is obviously required for develo ...
Vacuolar transporters and their essential role in plant metabolism
Vacuolar transporters and their essential role in plant metabolism

... transporter, genetic evidence indicates that this is an epicatechin transporter. Note that for genes which form small families (MTP, NRAMP, NHX, and CAX), not all members have been localized so far and some of them may therefore be located on other membranes. (B) From transport experiments and compa ...
Changes in the Nuclear Envelope Environment Affect
Changes in the Nuclear Envelope Environment Affect

... MATa ura3-1 trp1-1 leu2-3,112 spo7DTNAT can1-100 MATa ura3-1 ade2-1 leu2-3,112 his3-11,15 trp1-1 spo7DTNAT mps3-1 can1-100 pURA3-MPS3 MATa leu2-3,112 trp1-1 ura3-1 spo7DTNAT mps3-1 can1-100 pURA3-MPS3 MATa ura3-1 trp1-1 mps3DTHIS3MX6 leu2Tmps3-F592S-LEU2 spo7DTNAT can1-100 pURA3-MPS3 MATa ura3-1 trp ...
abdomen
abdomen

... pairs of maxillae hold solid food, tear it, and pass it to the mouth. The second pair of maxillae also helps to draw water over the gills. Of the eight pairs of appendages on the cephalothorax, the first three are maxillipeds, which hold food during eating. The chelipeds are the large claws that th ...
Neuronal polarity: from extracellular signals to
Neuronal polarity: from extracellular signals to

... cell body. Dendrites are relatively short; as they emerge from the cell body they appear thick, but become thinner with increased distance from the cell body and then undergo Y-shaped branching1,2. Axons contain synaptic vesicles from which they release neurotransmitters at axon terminals in respons ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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