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ACCESSORY PULSATILE ORGANS: Evolutionary Innovations in
ACCESSORY PULSATILE ORGANS: Evolutionary Innovations in

... rather invariable in their design, the anatomy of the pulsatile apparatus is not. However, it always functions by the same principle, sucking hemolymph out of the posterior veins. In many species, the pulsatile structures are modifications of the dorsal vessel (6, 11, 43, 45, 46, 104; Figures 5a ,b, ...
B5 Revision - Wildern VLE
B5 Revision - Wildern VLE

... the atria and ventricles are weak or damaged, blood will flow back into the atria and reduce blood pressure. The valves can be replaced by artificial ...
Disruption of Zebrafish Somite Development by Pharmacologic
Disruption of Zebrafish Somite Development by Pharmacologic

... been demonstrated. Studies of Hsp90 function during vertebrate embryogenesis are complicated by several factors. These include the multigene nature of the vertebrate hsp90 family, including the presence of several pseudogenes (Gupta, 1995), and the fact that Hsp90 probably plays multiple roles at di ...
Frog Dissection Information
Frog Dissection Information

... Skills Practice Lab ...
central spindle and contractile ring for cytokinesis encodes a kinesin
central spindle and contractile ring for cytokinesis encodes a kinesin

... myosin contractile ring that forms around the cell equator during mitosis and constricts inwards at telophase (Schroeder 1972). In higher eukaryotes the correct positioning and assembly of the contractile ring requires the mitotic spindle, although the mechanism by which this occurs is a matter of c ...
LPS- or Pseudomonas aeruginosa- mediated activation of
LPS- or Pseudomonas aeruginosa- mediated activation of

... supplementation on the TLR4 pathway with a focus on (i) the gene expression of TLR4 itself as well as of its downstream mediators, (ii) the membrane microdomain localization of TLR4 and CD14, (iii) the stimulation-induced interaction of TLR4 and CD14 using the monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW264.7. ...
Inhibition of Target of Rapamycin Signaling and
Inhibition of Target of Rapamycin Signaling and

... gene is present, plants appear to contain a small gene family with several ATG8 isoforms, suggesting that autophagy is more complex in these photosynthetic organisms. For example, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and maize (Zea mays) encode nine and five ATG8 genes, respectively (Doelling et al., ...
Space to grow: interplay between growth and patterning in plant
Space to grow: interplay between growth and patterning in plant

... Arabidopsis thaliana showing zones (highlighted red and whose names are written next to them) where auxin accumulation provides positional information for organ patterning. High auxin concentrations induce lateral organ (leaves or flowers) initiation from the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and axillary ...
6.0 requirements for borderlines with medical devices
6.0 requirements for borderlines with medical devices

... Adherence to these guidelines will ensure that all relevant information is provided in the dossiers submitted for registration. This will facilitate efficient and effective evaluation as well as approval process. It will also help to avoid queries which results n unnecessary delays in giving approva ...
Effects of attention on orientation-tuning functions of single neurons
Effects of attention on orientation-tuning functions of single neurons

Title Non-coding functions of alternative pre-mRNA - DR-NTU
Title Non-coding functions of alternative pre-mRNA - DR-NTU

... onset of type 2 diabetes. Similarly, utilization of a non-coding cassette exon can modify the 5’UTR of mRNA encoding human Disc Large Homolog 1 (DLG1), a scaffolding protein expressed in epithelial cells and required for proper cardiovascular development [35]. This exon interferes with DLG1 translat ...
Amphibian gastrulation: history and evolution of a 125 year
Amphibian gastrulation: history and evolution of a 125 year

... during the first half of the 19th century. They quickly recognized that the lower white hemisphere of the "egg" was progressively covered with the pigmented territory expanding from the upper hemisphere. Rusconi (1826) thus accurately described the early developmental stages of a green frog egg (Ran ...
Isolated Osteoclasts Resorb the Organic and Inorganic Components
Isolated Osteoclasts Resorb the Organic and Inorganic Components

... Isolated osteoclasts, incubated with 45Ca o r L-[5-aH]proline labeled bone, degraded both its inorganic and organic phases, although the lag time before the onset of resorption of each matrix differed (Fig. 4). When radiolabeled bone particles were added to the osteoclast-bearing fraction of the Per ...
Bone marrow contribution to skeletal muscle: A physiological
Bone marrow contribution to skeletal muscle: A physiological

... observed after 1 month. To eliminate transplant-associated variables, we used parabiotically joined mice to genetically label and track blood cells. The data reported here provide evidence that cells from the circulation, which derive from the bone marrow, can incorporate into myofibers independentl ...
Synthesis and characterization of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate
Synthesis and characterization of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate

Eph/ephrins and N-cadherin coordinate to control the
Eph/ephrins and N-cadherin coordinate to control the

... Given the spatiotemporal correlation between these gene expression patterns and neural crest cell movements in the interganglionic regions, we tested the hypothesis that ephrinB1 and EphB2 play a role in neural crest cell sorting. To block signaling in ovo, we utilized ephrinB1 and EphB2 fusion prot ...
Pharyngeal Pumping Continues after laser Killing of the Pharyngeal
Pharyngeal Pumping Continues after laser Killing of the Pharyngeal

... consists of 282 neurons of 104 anatomlcal types (White et al., 1986), and the pharyngeal nervous system, which consists of 20 neurons of I4 types and is supposed to be concerned with the regulation of feeding (Albertson and Thomson, 1976). To learn what phenotypes are expected of mutants with specif ...
Optimizing Dispersal Corridors for the Cape Proteaceae Using
Optimizing Dispersal Corridors for the Cape Proteaceae Using

... network flow problems that will be useful for optimizing dispersal corridors, namely ‘‘maximum flow’’ and ‘‘minimum-cost flow’’ (min-cost). For more details on these and other flow problems and their applications, see the comprehensive textbook by Ahuja et al. (1993). We will use only maximum flow to add ...
Loss of PTEN Promotes Tumor Development in
Loss of PTEN Promotes Tumor Development in

... of these genes and the mechanisms by which loss of these genes leads to tumor formation remain uncertain. The phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN) is one of the genes on chromosome 10 whose of which the loss or inactivation may play an important role in melanoma tumorig ...
Diapositiva 1 - the Future Health Summit
Diapositiva 1 - the Future Health Summit

... •Radice E, et al. Low-doses of sequential-kinetic-activated interferon-gamma enhance the ex vivo cytotoxicity of peripheral blood natural killer cells from patients with early-stage colorectal cancer. A preliminary study Intern. Immunopharm 2014;19:66-73. ...
Moss and liverwort xyloglucans contain galacturonic
Moss and liverwort xyloglucans contain galacturonic

... that cell wall composition and structure changed when plants first adapted to life on land and during the subsequent evolutionary events that led to the appearance of vascular tissues and flowering plants (Popper 2008). Xyloglucan (XyG) is a quantitatively major hemicellulosic polysaccharide in the ...
Taxonomic revision and species delimitation of coccoid green algae
Taxonomic revision and species delimitation of coccoid green algae

... is particularly important in coccoid green algae because their simple morphology often hides an unexpected larger genetic diversity and may render a morphologically defined genus a polyphyletic assemblage (e.g., Chlorella Beijerinck; Huss et al. 1999, Krienitz et al. 2004, Leliaert et al. 2014). Als ...
Annals of Microbiology
Annals of Microbiology

... We also carried out observations on 30-day-old plants. Macroscopically, the areas of the root invaded by the bacterium appeared pink. We selected areas of the main and lateral roots displaying this pink coloration for investigation. Five roots from each of three plants (for both control and inoculat ...
KS3 Bio 7B Reproduction 116marks 4Teachers
KS3 Bio 7B Reproduction 116marks 4Teachers

... The testes are outside the main part of the body. Suggest the relationship between temperature and sperm production. ...
video slide
video slide

... Skeletal muscle ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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