Download KS3 Bio 7B Reproduction 116marks 4Teachers

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KS3 Bio 7B Reproduction 116marks 4Teachers
Q1.
The drawing shows a baby inside its mother’s uterus.
Some substances pass from the mother’s blood to the baby’s blood.
Other substances pass from the baby’s blood to the mother’s blood.
Which way, if any, do the substances in the table pass?
Tick one box in each row.
4 marks
Patrick Brannac
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Page 1 of 35
The diagram shows a baby developing inside its mother’s body.
Q2.
(Adapted from Introduction to Biology, D.G.Makean;
published by John Murray 1971)
(a)
Eggs are produced in organ X.
What is the name of organ X?
....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
The baby grows in a bag of amniotic fluid which is inside organ Y.
What is the name of organ Y?
....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
(i)
Through which part, labelled in the diagram, is food passed from the
mother to the baby?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
Name one useful substance, other than food, which passes from the mother
to the unborn baby.
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(d)
The diagram shows an organ system of the mother’s body.
What is the name of this organ system?
....................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
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Q3.
The diagrams below show the male and female human reproductive systems.
not to scale
(a)
The table below contains descriptions of parts of the human reproductive system.
Complete the table to give the name of each part.
name of part
description
the tube that carries an egg to the uterus
the organ that produces sperm
he organ that produces the egg
3 marks
(b)
The diagram below shows an unborn baby.
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Complete the sentences below by filling in the gaps.
In humans, normal pregnancy lasts for .................. months.
When the foetus is ready to be born, muscles in the uterus wall start
to ............................................. .
2 marks
After the baby is born, the .......................................................... connecting
the foetus to the mother is cut.
1 marks
maximum 6 marks
Q4.
The diagram shows a woman’s reproductive system just before fertilisation takes
place.
An egg cell, a ciliated cell and a sperm cell are drawn in more detail.
not to scale
(a)
An egg cell is fertilised by a sperm cell in the oviduct.
Describe one way in which a sperm cell is adapted to its function.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
What is the function of the ciliated cells in the lining of the oviduct?
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
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(c)
A hen’s egg contains yolk which is a food store for the developing chick.
A human egg cell does not contain yolk.
Describe the way a human foetus gets its food.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
3 marks
Maximum 5 marks
##
(a)
This question is about the menstrual cycle. Choose words from the list to
complete the sentences.
a daily
the uterus
the beginning
the middle
a monthly
an ovary
the end
a weekly
the vagina
Menstruation is part of ......................................................... cycle.
The cycle begins when the lining of ...................................... breaks away.
An ovum (egg) is released from .......................................... at about
.............................................. of each cycle.
4 marks
(b)
During adolescence, boys’ bodies change. Describe two of the changes.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
2 marks
Maximum 6 marks
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Q6.
The drawing shows a flower. Six parts are labelled P, Q, R, S, T and U.
(a)
The names of three of these parts are given in the table.
Write the letter of each part next to its name in the table.
3 marks
(b)
Which two letters on the drawing show parts of the stamen?
................................ and ..................................
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks
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Q7.
(a) The graph below shows how the mass of a human foetus increases during the
40 weeks of pregnancy.
In which five-week period on the graph does the mass of the foetus increase
most rapidly?
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
The foetus is surrounded by a liquid called amniotic fluid.
(b)
Give one function of the amniotic fluid.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
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(c)
The foetus needs oxygen but cannot breathe while it is in the uterus.
Describe how oxygen gets from the air to the cells of the foetus.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
3 marks
Maximum 5 marks
Q8.
(a)
(i)
The diagram shows a human sperm cell.
What is the function of the nucleus of a sperm?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
Sperm use their tails to swim to the egg so that fertilisation can take place.
Give one other way in which a sperm is adapted for fertilisation. Explain your
answer.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
The diagram shows the human male reproductive system.
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The testes are outside the main part of the body.
Suggest the relationship between temperature and sperm production.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
A chemical called a hormone, which changes a boy’s body, is produced from
adolescence onwards.
(i)
Where is this hormone produced?
...........................................
1 mark
(ii)
Describe one change caused by this hormone.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(d)
(i)
During sexual intercourse about 250 million sperm are released at a time into
the body of a woman.
Why is it necessary to release so many sperm at a time?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
Before being released from the body, sperm are mixed with a fluid. The fluid
contains sugar.
Explain how and why a sperm makes use of the sugar.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
2 marks
Maximum 8 marks
Patrick Brannac
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Page 9 of 35
Q9.
The diagram shows a section through the female reproductive system.
(a)
(i)
What happens at fertilisation?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
In which labelled part of the female reproductive system does fertilisation
normally take place?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(iii)
In which labelled part of the female reproductive system does the foetus
develop?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
Some women have blocked oviducts.
How do blocked oviducts prevent fertilisation taking place?
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
When a baby is born it is pushed out of the mother's body.
Describe what happens in the wall of the uterus to push the baby out.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
Patrick Brannac
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Page 10 of 35
Q10.
The diagrams below show a human ovum (egg) and a human sperm.
(a)
What are eggs and sperm?
Tick the correct box.
animals
cells
organs
1 mark
(b)
Which part does a sperm use to swim towards an egg?
......................................................
1 mark
(c)
Give the name of the male reproductive organ where sperm are made.
.......................................................
1 mark
(d)
The diagram below shows a sperm joining with an egg.
What is this process called?
Tick the correct box.
fertilisation
growth
nutrition
respiration
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks
Q11.
The diagram shows a section through the human female reproductive system.
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(a)
(i)
How often are eggs normally released in the female reproductive system?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
In which labelled part is an egg normally fertilised by a sperm?
..........................................
1 mark
(b)
Fill the two gaps in the sentences below.
A fertilised egg divides into a tiny ball of cells called an embryo.
The embryo attaches to the lining of the uterus. Here the embryo
grows to become an unborn baby, called a ...................................... .
It takes about ...................................... months for a baby to develop
inside its mother.
2 marks
(c)
The diagram below shows a baby growing in its mother’s uterus.
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(i)
What is the function of the amniotic fluid?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
Through which part can harmful substances, such as nicotine, pass from the
mother’s blood to the baby’s blood?
.................................................
1 mark
(iii)
Give one other harmful substance which may be passed from the mother’s
blood to the baby’s blood.
............................................
1 mark
(d)
When the baby is born it is pushed out of the mother’s body.
What happens in the wall of the uterus to push the baby out?
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 8 marks
Q12.
The diagram shows two families. Some of the people in the diagram have freckles.
family A
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family B
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(a)
(i)
Which children are most likely to have freckles?
Tick the correct boxes.
Richard
Simon
Katie
Penny
Becca
1 mark
(ii)
How did you decide?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(iii)
Suggest why Bill does not have freckles.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
(i)
Which two cells pass on information from parents to their children?
Tick the two correct boxes.
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bone cell
cheek cell
egg cell
muscle cell
red blood cell
sperm cell
1 mark
(ii)
Which organ system produces these two cells?
Tick the correct box.
circulatory system
digestive system
reproductive system
respiratory system
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Q13.
(a)
The diagram below shows the female reproductive system and a ciliated cell.
not to scale
Ciliated cells move an ovum along part of the reproductive system.
(i)
In which part of the reproductive system are ciliated cells found?
.............................................................
1 mark
(ii)
Describe how ciliated cells move an ovum along.
...............................................................................................................
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...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
The diagrams below represent what happens at fertilisation and after fertilisation
has taken place.
not to scale
(i)
Some women find it difficult to become pregnant. Doctors have developed
a technique in which an ovum is fertilised in a test-tube. An embryo is then
implanted into the woman’s reproductive system.
Which stage in part (b) shows an embryo and which stage shows a foetus?
embryo ...........................................................
foetus .............................................................
1 mark
(ii)
Into which part of the woman’s reproductive system is the embryo
implanted?
.............................................................
1 mark
(c)
(i)
Explain why a child can look like both parents but is not identical to either
of the parents.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
2 marks
(ii)
In the table below, tick one box by each human characteristic to show
whether it is:
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•
inherited only
•
inherited and affected by environmental conditions.
human
characteristic
inherited only
inherited and affected
by environmental
conditions
eye colour
skin colour
weight
1 mark
maximum 7 marks
Q14.
(a)
When fertilisation takes place, the nucleus of a sperm joins with the nucleus of
an ovum (egg).
In which part of the reproductive system does fertilisation normally take place in
humans?
Tick the correct box.
cervix
ovary
oviduct
uterus
1 mark
(b)
The table below gives information about fertilisation in three animals.
animal
Does fertilisation take place
inside or outside the body?
Number of eggs
released at a time
human
inside
1
bird
inside
4
frog
outside
3000
Frogs release their eggs and sperm into water.
The eggs are fertilised in the water.
Why is it an advantage for frogs to release large numbers of eggs and sperm?
......................................................................................................................
Patrick Brannac
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Page 17 of 35
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
The diagram shows a section through a fertilised egg of a bird.
(i)
The shell of a bird’s egg is porous. This means it has microscopic holes in
it.
Why does it need to be porous?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
Give one other function of the egg shell.
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(d)
A bird’s egg contains yolk which is a food store for the developing chick.
A human egg does not contain yolk.
Why does a human egg not need to contain a food store for the embryo?
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Q15.
During pregnancy a woman's body increases in mass.
The table shows the average increase in mass in some parts of the body during pregnancy.
part
increase in mass
during pregnancy (kg)
foetus
3.6
uterus
0.9
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placenta
0.7
red blood cells
0.2
amniotic fluid
0.9
breast tissue
0.4
fat
3.9
(a)
Explain why the mass of the placenta increases as the foetus develops.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
2 marks
(b)
Pregnant women need to make sure they have plenty of iron in their diet.
Use information in the table to explain why they need extra iron.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
The foetus is not part of a woman’s body before she becomes pregnant.
Which two other parts from the table are not present in her body before she
becomes pregnant?
........................................................ and ........................................................
1 mark
(d)
(i)
The diagram shows the blood supply in the placenta and umbilical cord.
not to scale
When the mother breathes, oxygen and other gases pass to the foetus.
Complete the flow diagram below to show how oxygen passes from the mother
to the foetus. Use all the words from the list below.
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lungs
umbilical cord
blood of foetus
windpipe
placenta
2 marks
(ii)
When a pregnant woman breathes in cigarette smoke, carbon monoxide gas
combines with some of her red blood cells.
How could this harm the foetus?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 7 marks
Q16.
Choose words from the box below to answer all the questions.
cell division
intestine
digestion
ovary
fertilisation
ovum (egg)
foetus
sperm
testis
genes
uterus
(a)
A
(i)
What is the name of cell A?
.............................................................
1 mark
(ii)
Where is cell A produced?
.............................................................
1 mark
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(b)
B
(i)
What is the name of cell B?
.............................................................
1 mark
(ii)
Where is cell B produced?
.............................................................
1 mark
(c)
C
not to scale
What process is shown in C? Choose your answer from the box above.
.............................................................
1 mark
(d)
The diagram shows a baby developing inside its mother.
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(i)
Which word means an unborn baby? Choose your answer from the box
above.
.............................................................
1 mark
(ii)
Where does the unborn baby develop? Choose your answer from the box
above.
.............................................................
1 mark
maximumm 7 marks
Q17.
During pregnancy a woman's body increases in mass.
The table shows the average increase in mass in some parts of the body during pregnancy.
part
increase in mass
during pregnancy (kg)
foetus
3.6
uterus
0.9
placenta
0.7
red blood cells
0.2
amniotic fluid
0.9
breast tissue
0.4
fat
3.9
(a)
Explain why the mass of the placenta increases as the foetus develops.
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........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
2 marks
(b)
Pregnant women need to make sure they have plenty of iron in their diet.
Use information in the table to explain why they need extra iron.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
The foetus is not part of a woman’s body before she becomes pregnant.
Which two other parts from the table are not present in her body before she
becomes pregnant?
........................................................ and ........................................................
1 mark
(d)
(i)
The diagram shows the blood supply in the placenta and umbilical cord.
not to scale
When the mother breathes, oxygen and other gases pass to the foetus.
Complete the flow diagram below to show how oxygen passes from the mother
to the foetus. Use all the words from the list below.
lungs
umbilical cord
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blood of foetus
windpipe
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placenta
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2 marks
(ii)
When a pregnant woman breathes in cigarette smoke, carbon monoxide gas
combines with some of her red blood cells.
How could this harm the foetus?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 7 marks
Q18.
Diagram 1 shows a baby in its mother’s uterus.
diagram 1
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(a)
What is the normal length of pregnancy in humans?
.................. months
1 mark
(b)
(i)
What is the function of the amniotic fluid around the baby?
................................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
As a baby is born, it is pushed out of the mother’s body.
Look at the diagram above.
What happens in the wall of the uterus to push the baby out?
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
How does a baby get oxygen from its mother while it is inside its mother’s uterus?
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(d)
Diagram 2 shows a section through the mother’s lungs.
diagram 2
Look at diagram 2.
From which labelled part is oxygen absorbed into the blood?
..............................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Q19.
Diagram 1 shows the female reproductive system.
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diagram 1
(a)
Diagram 2 is a graph showing how the thickness of the uterus changed over a
28-day cycle.
diagram 2
(i)
Why did the thickness of the lining of the uterus decrease between day 1
and day 5 of this cycle?
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
Suggest which day in this cycle an ovum (egg) is most likely to be fertilised.
day ..............
What evidence is there for this in the graph?
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
1 mark
(iii)
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The graph shows that the lining of the uterus builds up again between day
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5 and day 14.
Why is this necessary?
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
(i)
Continue the line on the graph to show what would happen to the thickness
of the lining of the uterus after 28 days if an ovum was fertilised.
1 mark
(ii)
Explain your answer.
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Q20.The diagram shows the reproductive parts of a flower.
(a)
Draw one line from each function to the correct structure.
Function
Structure
anthers
where female
gametes are
formed
ovules
where pollen
grains are
produced
stigma
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where pollen
grains land during
pollination
style
(3)
(b)
Suggest one way in which flowers attract pollinating insects.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
The pollen grains land on the female part of the flower.
Describe the next stages in the process which results in seed formation.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(4)
(Total 8 marks)
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Mark Scheme
M1.
substance
passes from the passes from the
mother’s blood to baby’s blood to
the baby’s blood
the mother’s
blood
poisons from
cigarette smoke
oxygen
digested food
carbon dioxide
1 (L6)
(c) any three from
• from the mother’s intestine
accept ‘through the mother’s gut’
• carried in the mother’s blood
• through the placenta
• into the blood of the foetus
• along the umbilical cord
1 (L7)
1 (L6)
(ii) any one from
• oxygen
• antibodies
• water
do not accept ‘air’ or ‘blood’ or ‘liquid
or ‘food’ or any type of nutrient
3 (L7)
[5]
1 (L6)
(d) reproductive system
accept ‘reproductive’ or ‘reproduction’
do not accept ‘sex organs’
M5.
(a)
•
a monthly
1 (L6)
1 (L6)
[5]
(a)
• the uterus
accept ‘uterus’
1 (L6)
• an ovary
accept ‘ovary’
1 (L6)
description
•
the middle
1 (L6)
accept ‘fallopian (tube)’ for oviduct
‘egg tube’ is insufficient
accept ‘testis’ or ‘testicle(s)’ for testes
do not accept ‘ovules’ for ovary
accept only the technical terms given
3 (L5)
(b) • 9
accept ‘9 ½’
accept a number in the range of 37– 42 only if
the unit is changed to ‘weeks’
1 (L5)
Patrick Brannac
[6]
1 (L7)
(b) cilia move or push the egg
accept ‘to waft the egg along’
(c) (i)
placenta
do not accept ‘umbilical cord’
• contract
accept ‘contractions’
‘tense’ is insufficient
accept ‘contract and relax’
‘squeeze’ is insufficient
accept ‘(muscles) get shorter’
1 (L5)
M4.
(a)
• has tail or
• it is streamlined
accept ‘it has a pointed head’
accept ‘it only contains half the number of
chromosomes’
1 (L6)
(b) uterus
accept ‘womb’
•
•
•
1 (L5)
1
1
any one from
flagellum 1 (L3)
M2.
(a) ovary
accept ‘ovaries’ do not accept ‘ovum’
part
oviduct
testes
ovary
between the
mother’s
blood
• umbilical
cord
and the‘cord’
baby’s
accept
or ‘umbilical’
blood
‘tube’ is insufficient
1
[4]
M3.
‘get smaller’ is insufficient as the volume of the
does notdoes
pass not change
muscles
(b) any two from
• voice becomes deeper
• increase in facial hair
• increase in body hair
accept ‘voice breaks or changes’
accept ‘grows a beard’
accept ‘growth of pubic hair
or hairy chest
or hair in armpits’
• growth of penis
• growth of testes or testicles
• start to produce sperm
• growth spurt
accept ‘rapid growth’
do not accept ‘growth’ or ‘gets taller’
accept ‘development of more adult body shape’
or a description of a more adult body shape,
such as ‘wider shoulders’ accept ‘sweats more’
2 (L5)
[6]
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•
very little cytoplasm so it swims faster
##
(a)
name of part
anther
style
stigma
1 (L7)
(b) the best temperature for making sperm is
lower than body temperature
accept ‘a lower temperature is needed for
producing sperm’
accept ‘at higher temperatures sperm might be
defective’
letter of part
(*)T
(*)P
(*)U
1 (L7)
3 (L4)
(c)
(b) T and S
letters may be in either order
both letters are required for the mark
(i)
in the testes or testis
1 (L7)
1 (L4)
[4]
M7.
(a) 35 to 40 weeks
accept ‘35 and 40’ or ‘the last five weeks’
1
(b) any one from
• it allows the foetus to move
accept ‘it allows the foetus to grow’
• it protects or cushions the foetus
• it supports the foetus
1
(c) any three from
• taken in by mother’s lung
accept ‘breathed in’
• diffusion into the mother’s blood
• transported in mother’s blood
• through the placenta
accept ‘diffusion from the mother’s blood to the
baby’s blood’
• through the umbilical cord
• in blood of foetus
accept ‘in baby’s blood’
• diffusion into the cells of the foetus
accept ‘in the blood’ as an alternative to either
‘transported
in mother’s blood’ or ‘in blood of foetus’, but
not to both
(ii) any one from
• body hair or pubic hair or hairy armpits
do not accept ‘acne or spots’
• facial hair or beard
• breaking or lowering of the voice
• growth of the penis or testes
do not accept ‘the testes drop’
• body becomes more muscular
accept ‘shoulders broaden’ or ‘muscles
develop’
• sperm production begins
• growth spurt
do not accept ‘grows taller’
1 (L6)
(d) (i)
any one from
• to increase the chance of one reaching the
egg or the oviduct
accept ‘to make sure an egg is fertilised’
• most sperm die before reaching the egg or
oviduct
accept ‘most do not reach the egg’
‘most sperm die’ is insufficient
1 (L7)
(ii) for respiration
accept ‘for energy’
do not accept ‘for food’
1 (L7)
for movement or for swimming
accept ‘to reach the egg’
3
1 (L7)
[5]
[8]
M8.
(a) (i)
any one from
• it controls the activities of the sperm or cell
• it carries or passes on genetic information
accept ‘passes on information’
• it contains the genes
accept ‘it contains chromosomes’
do not accept ‘it carries all the genetic
information of the baby’
• fertilisation
1 (L6)
M9.
(a) (i)
the nucleus of the egg
and the nucleus of the sperm join or fuse
accept ‘the sperm and the egg join’
accept ‘a sperm fertilises an egg’
‘a sperm meets an egg’is insufficient
1 (L5)
(ii)
the oviduct or fallopian tube
1 (L5)
(iii) uterus
accept womb
1 (L5)
(ii) Both the adaptation and the reason
(b) any one from
are required for the mark.
• the egg cannot pass down the oviduct
any one from
• the sperm and egg cannot meet
• streamlined or has a pointed head to help it
• sperm cannot get through
swim
do not accept ‘the egg cannot reach the
or penetrate the egg
uterus’
• it produces a chemical to help it penetrate
1 (L6)
the egg
Patrick Brannac
www.SmashingChemistry.com
Page 30 of 35
(c) any one from
• muscles contract
• contractions
1 (L6)
[5]
M10.
(a) cells
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L3)
(b)
tail
1 (L3)
(c) testis or testicle
accept plurals
1 (L4)
(d) fertilisation
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L3)
[4]
1 (L4)
(iii) his parents or Bob and Emily do not
have freckles
accept ‘his family does not have freckles’
accept ‘his grandparents do not have freckles’
accept ‘he is not in family B’ if the answer for
(ii) is
‘only family B has freckles’
1 (L4)
M11.
(a) (i)
any one from
• every month or once a month
• every four weeks
• every 28 days
accept answers from 26 days to 30 days
1 (L5)
(ii)
• their father or David has freckles
• their parents have freckles
• their grandmother or Mary has freckles
• only family B has freckles
accept ‘Rachel and Bill do not have freckles’
accept ‘a grandparent has freckles’
accept ‘their family or the family on the right
has freckles’
accept ‘freckles run in the family’
accept ‘family A does not have freckles’
oviduct or fallopian tube
(b) (i)
egg cell
sperm cell
both answers are required for the mark
if more than two boxes are ticked, deduct
one mark for each incorrect tick
minimum mark zero
1 (L4)
1 (L6)
(b)
foetus
1 (L5)
9
answers must be in the correct order
1 (L4)
[5]
1 (L5)
(c) (i)
any one from
• it cushions the baby
• it protects the baby against shocks or
bumps
accept ‘it protects the baby’
• it absorbs shocks
do not accept ‘keeps it warm’ or ‘keeps it
moist’
(i)
oviduct or fallopian tube
1 (L7)
1 (L5)
(iii) alcohol
accept ‘drugs’ or a named drug
accept a named toxin
accept ‘viruses’ or a named virus or a named
viral disease
1 (L5)
(d) muscles contract
accept ‘contractions’
1 (L6)
[8]
M12.
(a) (i)
Katie
Becca
both answers are required for the mark
if more than two boxes are ticked, award no
mark
1 (L3)
Patrick Brannac
(a)
1 (L7)
placenta
(ii) any one from
• their mother or Pam has freckles
M13.
(ii) cilia move in a wave or from side to side
accept ‘they waft or carry it along’
accept ‘the hairs move it along’
accept ‘the hairs or cilia waft or move’
‘the hairs’ or ‘the cilia’ are insufficient
1 (L6)
(ii)
(ii) reproductive system
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
(b) (i)
embryo: stage 3
accept ‘3’
foetus: stage 4
accept ‘4’
both answers are required for the mark
1 (L7)
(ii) uterus
accept ‘womb’
1 (L6)
(c) (i)
any two from
• a reference to genes or genetic material or
DNA
or chromosomes
accept for one mark ‘to be the same as
someone
else you need exactly the same genes’
• it has a different combination (of genes)
• it is made from an egg and sperm
accept for two marks ‘it only has half the DNA
or chromosomes from each parent’
• (it gets genetic information) from both
parents
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2 (L7)
Page 31 of 35
(ii)
human
characteristic
eye colour
skin colour
weight
food or gets rid of waste
accept responses that refer to a baby rather
inherited and affected
than a foetus
inherited only
by environmental
conditions • the foetus needs oxygen or food or to
remove waste
‘the foetus needs blood from the placenta’ is
insufficient
1 (L7)
all three ticks are required for the mark
if there is more than one tick in any row, award
no mark
1 (L7)
[7]
M14.
(a) oviduct
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L6)
(b) any one from
• some eggs or sperm might be eaten or lost
• eggs or sperm are not protected inside the
body
• to increase the chance of an egg being
fertilised
accept ‘to make fertilisation more likely’
• some eggs might not be fertilised
• some are washed away
accept ‘some die’
• some of the offspring might be eaten
accept ‘more tadpoles’
1 (L5)
(c) (i)
any one from
• to let oxygen or air into the egg
• to let carbon dioxide or waste gases out
• to allow gas exchange
accept ‘for respiration’
do not accept ‘to let waste out’
1 (L5)
(ii) any one from
• for protection
• to stop the egg drying out
accept ‘it stops it drying out’
• it stops infection or disease
accept ‘it stops micro-organisms or bacteria
or viruses or germs getting in’
accept ‘to retain the contents’
‘it stops infection getting in’ is insufficient
1 (L7)
(b) any one from
• the number or mass of red blood cells
increases
accept ‘they need (to make) more red blood
cells’
‘the mass of blood increases’ is insufficient
• iron is needed for the formation of red blood
cells
accept ‘for haemoglobin’
‘the number of blood cells increases’ is
insufficient
‘for red blood cells’ is insufficient
1 (L7)
(c) placenta
amniotic fluid
both answers are required for the mark
‘umbilical cord’ is insufficient
answers may be in either order
1 (L7)
(i)
• windpipe
lungs
mother’s red blood cells
award a mark for ‘windpipe’ and ‘lungs’
in the first places in the correct order
• placenta
umbilical cord
accept ‘umbilical’ or ‘cord’
blood of foetus
accept ‘umbilical cord’ and ‘blood of foetus’ in
either order
award a mark for ‘placenta’, ‘umbilical cord’
and ‘blood
of foetus’ in the last three places in an
appropriate order
all five answers are required for two marks
(d)
1 (L5)
(d) any one from
• food passes from the mother to the embryo
or baby
accept ‘the mother provides food’
• the embryo is fed through the placenta
accept ‘it is fed through the umbilical cord’
• it gets food from the mother’s blood
do not accept ‘it gets food from the blood’
1 (L6)
[5]
M15.
(a) any one from
• the placenta provides or passes oxygen or
Patrick Brannac
• as the foetus develops it needs more (food
or oxygen from the placenta)
‘it needs or provides more oxygen’ is
insufficient as the
meaning is ambiguous
accept, for two marks, ‘the placenta provides
more oxygen
or food or waste removal’
accept, for two marks, ‘the foetus needs more
oxygen
or food or waste removed as it grows’
a two mark answer must include one of the first
two
marking points and a reference to the foetus
needing
more food or oxygen from the placenta
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Page 32 of 35
2 (L7)
(ii) any one from
• less oxygen passes through the placenta
• less oxygen in the foetus’ blood
accept ‘the foetus’ heart beat rises’
or ‘the foetus’ blood pressure goes up’
• smaller or brain damaged foetus
accept ‘less oxygen in the mother’s blood’
accept ‘less oxygen for the foetus’
do not accept ‘no oxygen’
• baby may be premature
accept responses that refer to a baby rather
than a foetus
accept ‘the red blood cells of the foetus will
contain carbon monoxide’
do not accept ‘only carbon monoxide passes
through the placenta’
‘it passes to the foetus’ blood’ is insufficient
‘it poisons the foetus’ is insufficient
1 (L7)
[7]
M16.
(a)
(i)
•
sperm
1 (L3)
(ii) • testis
accept ‘testes’
(i)
•
ovum or egg
(ii) • ovary
accept ‘ovaries’
1 (L4)
(c)
fertilisation
(d)
(i)
(ii)
•
1 (L3)
foetus
1 (L4)
uterus
1 (L3)
[7]
M17.
(a) any one from
• the placenta provides or passes oxygen or
food or gets rid of waste
accept responses that refer to a baby rather
than a foetus
• the foetus needs oxygen or food or to
remove waste
‘the foetus needs blood from the placenta’ is
insufficient
1 (L7)
• as the foetus develops it needs more (food
or oxygen from the placenta)
‘it needs or provides more oxygen’ is
insufficient as the
meaning is ambiguous
accept, for two marks, ‘the placenta provides
more oxygen
or food or waste removal’
accept, for two marks, ‘the foetus needs more
oxygen
or food or waste removed as it grows’
Patrick Brannac
1 (L7)
(c) placenta
amniotic fluid
both answers are required for the mark
‘umbilical cord’ is insufficient
answers may be in either order
1 (L7)
1 (L3)
•
1 (L7)
(b) any one from
• the number or mass of red blood cells
increases
accept ‘they need (to make) more red blood
cells’
‘the mass of blood increases’ is insufficient
• iron is needed for the formation of red blood
cells
accept ‘for haemoglobin’
‘the number of blood cells increases’ is
insufficient
‘for red blood cells’ is insufficient
(i)
• windpipe
lungs
mother’s red blood cells
award a mark for ‘windpipe’ and ‘lungs’
in the first places in the correct order
• placenta
umbilical cord
accept ‘umbilical’ or ‘cord’
blood of foetus
accept ‘umbilical cord’ and ‘blood of foetus’ in
either order
award a mark for ‘placenta’, ‘umbilical cord’
and ‘blood
of foetus’ in the last three places in an
appropriate order
all five answers are required for two marks
(d)
1 (L4)
(b)
a two mark answer must include one of the first
two
marking points and a reference to the foetus
needing
more food or oxygen from the placenta
2 (L7)
(ii) any one from
• less oxygen passes through the placenta
• less oxygen in the foetus’ blood
accept ‘the foetus’ heart beat rises’
or ‘the foetus’ blood pressure goes up’
• smaller or brain damaged foetus
accept ‘less oxygen in the mother’s blood’
accept ‘less oxygen for the foetus’
do not accept ‘no oxygen’
• baby may be premature
accept responses that refer to a baby rather
than a foetus
accept ‘the red blood cells of the foetus will
contain carbon monoxide’
do not accept ‘only carbon monoxide passes
through the placenta’
‘it passes to the foetus’ blood’ is insufficient
‘it poisons the foetus’ is insufficient
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Page 33 of 35
[7]
accept ‘that is when an egg is released’
‘it is in the middle of the cycle’ is insufficient
1 (L5)
(iii) any one from
• so that a fertilised egg can be implanted
• to receive an egg
1 (L7)
M18.
(a)
•
1 (L7)
9
(b) (i)
any one from
• it protects the baby
• it helps to maintain a constant temperature
• it allows the baby to move
accept ‘it keeps it safe’
accept ‘it keeps the baby warm’
accept ‘it absorbs shocks’
accept ‘it protects against infection or disease’
1 (L6)
(ii) • muscles contract
accept ‘contractions’
‘the uterus or it contracts’ is insufficient
1 (L6)
(c) any one from
• (through the) placenta
• (through the) umbilical cord
• (from the) mother’s blood
ignore references to food
‘through the blood’ is insufficient
‘it gets everything from the mother’ is
insufficient
do not accept ‘the mother breathes for the
child’
1 (L7)
(b) (i)
• a line which continues to rise or
remains horizontal after day 28
accept a line rising or remaining horizontal
after day 1
1 (L7)
(ii) any one from
• menstruation stops
accept ‘the embryo or foetus or baby needs a
blood supply’
‘provides support’ is insufficient
• so the ovum or embryo will implant
accept ‘the lining is not shed’
1 (L7)
[5]
M20.(a)
1 (L5)
(d) • alveolus
‘air sac’ is insufficient
1 (L6)
[5]
M19.
(a) (i)
any one from
• menstruation
• the lining of the uterus is shed
accept ‘the period’
accept ‘the lining of the uterus breaks up’
accept ‘the wall of the uterus breaks down’
do not accept ‘the uterus is shed’
‘the wall of the uterus breaks’ is insufficient
both the answer and the correct explanation
are required for the mark
1 (L7)
(ii) a day from day 14 to day 18
accept ‘in the middle’
do not accept ‘around day 14’
any one from
• it is just after ovulation or day of ovulation
• that is when an egg is likely to be in the
oviduct
or fallopian tube
• that is just after an egg is released
• an egg is released on day 14
two lines from any box will not gain a mark
3
(b)
•
•
•
any one from:
brightly coloured (petals) / large petals
smell or perfume
nectar
(c)
pollen tube grows down style / into ovule
1
1
pollen nuclei fuse with / fertilise
1
egg cell nucleus (to form embryo)
1
and endosperm nuclei (to form seed)
1
[8]
Mark Scheme
Patrick Brannac
www.SmashingChemistry.com
Page 34 of 35
Patrick Brannac
www.SmashingChemistry.com
Page 35 of 35