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Synaptic Background Activity Enhances the Responsiveness of
Synaptic Background Activity Enhances the Responsiveness of

... Hô, Nicolas and Alain Destexhe. Synaptic background activity enhances the responsiveness of neocortical pyramidal neurons. J Neurophysiol 84: 1488 –1496, 2000. Neocortical pyramidal neurons in vivo are subject to an intense synaptic background activity but little is known of how this activity affec ...
Retinoic Acid and the Development of the Endoderm
Retinoic Acid and the Development of the Endoderm

... including the endoderm, which is the subject of this review. A significant role for RA signaling in the development of endoderm might appear somewhat surprising because endoderm is a germ layer of all multi-layered embryos, whereas the RA signaling system has often been described as a signaling syst ...
Calcium-induced calcium release supports recruitment of synaptic
Calcium-induced calcium release supports recruitment of synaptic

... (Scisoft). Voltage was intentionally not corrected for junction potential or series resistance to ...
MAPK Phosphatase AP2C3 Induces Ectopic Proliferation of
MAPK Phosphatase AP2C3 Induces Ectopic Proliferation of

... On the other hand, MKK7 and MKK9 are able also to promote later stages of stomata differentiation possibly acting on MPK3/ MPK6 or other MPKs [5]. This mode of action was suggested to set an inhibitory input at the entry point of the pathway, while for the cells that have already progressed well wit ...
INVERTEBRATES
INVERTEBRATES

... Cnidarian body types come in two forms: Polyp (Ex. hydra) Medusa (Ex. jellyfish) ...
Multicellular trichomes in Arabidopsis - Development
Multicellular trichomes in Arabidopsis - Development

... and co-workers (Hemerly et al., 1995) introduced a dominantnegative mutant of a mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase gene into transgenic tobacco plants, which resulted in plants with essentially normal morphology, but fewer and larger cells. In another study, overexpression of a mitotic B-cyclin in Arab ...
The Golgi Apparatus
The Golgi Apparatus

... 2. Transport from cis-face toward trans-face, and maturation 3. Sorting and budding, in trans area, as primary lysosomes 4. Fusion with late endosomes or already existing secondary lysosome ...
regulation of secretion of parathormone and secretory protein
regulation of secretion of parathormone and secretory protein

... radioactive parathormone made by the cell before and coincident with stimulation by dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Table II shows that the amount of total parathormone secreted was 3.5- to 4-fold greater at 0.5 mM calcium than at 3 .0 mM calcium. At both concentrations, the hormone appeared to be derived fro ...
Examiners` Report - Edexcel
Examiners` Report - Edexcel

... was grasped by many, although not all were able to correctly describe the process. The recollection of core practicals and the application of skills that should have been learnt through carrying out these procedures was variable, yet again suggesting that not all students have had the opportunity to ...
Earthworm Dissection
Earthworm Dissection

... acts as a passageway between the pharynx and the crop. The crop stores food temporarily. The mixture that the earthworm ingests is ground up in the gizzard. In the intestine, which extends over two-thirds of the body length, digestion and absorption take place. Soil particles and undigested organic ...
Crowther`s Tenth Martini - University of Washington
Crowther`s Tenth Martini - University of Washington

... body pose is specified. The anatomical position, pictured in 10th Martini Figure 1-5 (Anatomical Landmarks), provides a standard reference position to use. The anatomical position is defined by Martini as follows: “the hands are at the sides with the palms facing forward, and the feet are together.” ...
VEGF exists in different isoforms
VEGF exists in different isoforms

... 1) Long-range signalling molecule 2) Acts directly on cells ...
Redistribution of membrane proteins between the Golgi apparatus
Redistribution of membrane proteins between the Golgi apparatus

... was a true retrograde redistribution of Golgi membrane proteins into the ER we biochemically tested the endoglycosidase H (endo H) sensitivity of a glycosylated ER targeted GFP construct (N-GFP-HDEL) after BFA treatment. Treatment of protein extracts from tobacco leaves transiently expressing N-GFP- ...
The Complex Relationship between Liver Cancer and the Cell Cycle
The Complex Relationship between Liver Cancer and the Cell Cycle

... tumor progression, and the general health status [27–29]. Accordingly, several classification protocols are available for HCC [29] whereby the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification has emerged as the standard classification validated by expert panels in local European and American popu ...
Organelle size control – increasing vacuole
Organelle size control – increasing vacuole

... synthase and translocase (Gerasimaite et al., 2014). Its cytosolic domains synthesize polyP and feed it directly into the vacuolar lumen through the VTC transmembrane domains. Therefore, VTC produces lumenal polyP rather than freely diffusible cytosolic polyP (Saito et al., 2005). The luminal pool c ...
Essentials of Human Anatomy Respiratory System
Essentials of Human Anatomy Respiratory System

... • The pleural membranes produce a thin, serous fluid that circulates in the pleural cavity and acts as a lubricant, ensuring minimal friction during ...
Request Prior Approval of Carotid Stenting
Request Prior Approval of Carotid Stenting

... for their intended uses, contraindications, and potential complications. The safety and efficacy of the RX Acculink Carotid Stent System have not been demonstrated with embolic protection systems other than Abbott Vascular’s Accunet or Emboshield family of Embolic Protection Systems (EPS). Refer to ...
Cell-Free Synthesis for Analyzing the Membrane
Cell-Free Synthesis for Analyzing the Membrane

... multiple protein insertion sites and such would potentially allow the integration of several polypeptides into the same vesicle. Later, functional expression and assembly of a Shaker-type K ⫹ channel (Shaker H4, an oligomeric structure consisting of four identical copies of a protein traversing the ...
Extracellular matrix of the charophycean green algae
Extracellular matrix of the charophycean green algae

... to Meagan Harless who is always able to talk me down. ...
PDF - Bezanilla Lab
PDF - Bezanilla Lab

... demonstrated in more than 20 species of moss (28) including P. patens (4). Cytokinin treatment of P. patens induces a large increase in gametophore production resulting from the formation of buds on caulonemal filaments, and also in some cases chloronemal filaments ...
Precapillary systemic-pulmonary anastomoses
Precapillary systemic-pulmonary anastomoses

... found, and the majority of these occurred within 5 cm. of the hilar pleural reflection. The pulmonary vessel components of these connexions were lateral branches arising from the first to fourth generation of the pulmonary arteries. No communications were found entering the axial pulmonary artery di ...
Precapillary systemic-pulmonary anastomoses
Precapillary systemic-pulmonary anastomoses

... found, and the majority of these occurred within 5 cm. of the hilar pleural reflection. The pulmonary vessel components of these connexions were lateral branches arising from the first to fourth generation of the pulmonary arteries. No communications were found entering the axial pulmonary artery di ...
WOX11 and 12 Are Involved in the First-Step Cell
WOX11 and 12 Are Involved in the First-Step Cell

... indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (Figure 1D). These results suggest that not only auxin but also its transport are required for adventitious root formation from leaf explants. Next, we used the DR5pro:GUS (b-glucuronidase) line (Ulmasov et al., 1997) to monitor the level of endogenous free auxin. Leaf exp ...
Slow axonal transport and the genesis of neuronal morphology
Slow axonal transport and the genesis of neuronal morphology

... transport model was that it appeared to demand motor proteins with much slower rates than any known class of motor protein. This was particularly worrisome because the motors that move cytoskeletal polymers must be abundant along the length of the axon, and it seemed increasingly unlikely over the y ...
Chapter 42 ppt
Chapter 42 ppt

... Concept 42.1: Circulatory systems link exchange surfaces with cells throughout the body • In small and/or thin animals, cells can exchange materials directly with the surrounding medium • In most animals, transport systems connect the organs of exchange with the body cells • Most complex animals ha ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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