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Resting Membrane Potentials
Resting Membrane Potentials

... Gated channels, like the open-access pores, are ion-specific. These gated passages are dependent on particular membrane-affecting agents to either open or close the gate. These may be distinct chemicals referred to as ligands. Voltage changes to the potential across the membrane also can alter these ...
Cells in Physcomitrella patens
Cells in Physcomitrella patens

... explore how differentiated cells can be reprogrammed to produce stem cells. Principal findings: We obtained genome-wide digital gene expression tag profiles within the first three days of P. patens protoplast reprogramming. At four time-points during protoplast reprogramming, the transcript levels o ...
TCR After Rapid Identification of Pathogenic Vaccines Autoimmune
TCR After Rapid Identification of Pathogenic Vaccines Autoimmune

between TLRs and FcRs Polyfunctional Th Cells by Cross
between TLRs and FcRs Polyfunctional Th Cells by Cross

... cell responses. Interestingly, GM-CSF–producing Th cells were synergistically evoked as well, which suggests the onset of polyfunctional Th17 cells. Synergistic cytokine release was dependent on activation via MyD88 and ITAM signaling pathways through TLRs and FcRs, respectively. Cytokine regulation ...
Topical aldose reductase inhibitor for correcting
Topical aldose reductase inhibitor for correcting

... the subjects were excluded if any abnormal pathology that might affect the morphology of the corneal endothelium was noted. All of the 13 diabetic patients were found to have no diabetic retinopathy or simple (background) retinopathy at the pretreatment examination. During the observation period, ho ...
Grade 8
Grade 8

... Earth Science 6.MS-ESS1-1a. Develop and use a model of the Earth-Sun-Moon system to explain the causes of lunar phases and eclipses of the Sun and Moon. Clarification Statement: Examples of models can be physical, graphical, or conceptual and should emphasize relative positions and distances. 6.MS-E ...
Human Body Handbook
Human Body Handbook

... sends messages about the stimuli it feels to the brain. Often, it’s sending messages to keep us from doing things that might hurt, like touching a hot or sharp object. It might also tell you to slap that mosquito so the little bugger doesn’t bite you again. Drag the feather and tickle the body. What ...
A Living Carpet - Mrs. Ging
A Living Carpet - Mrs. Ging

... Moss may look soft and small, but it’s powerful! It can even break up rocks. Moss grows in small holes and cracks in rocks. It holds water and expands when that water freezes. As it expands, the cracks in the rock get bigger. Over time, the cracks get so big that the rock breaks apart. ...
A Practical Guide to the Anatomy and Physiology
A Practical Guide to the Anatomy and Physiology

... Salmonids are one of the most intensively studied, widely cultivated, extensively distributed, and avidly sought groups of fishes in the world. It is perhaps surprising, therefore, to find that there is so little basic information about the anatomy of salmonids. It is difficult to find any published ...
Strategies for the Allocation of Resources under Sulfur Limitation in
Strategies for the Allocation of Resources under Sulfur Limitation in

... 48 mm sulfate, despite equal concentrations of these ions in both growth media. Even though ammonium was not supplied to the cultures, it was detected in cells grown under both conditions but accumulated to 4- to 5-fold higher levels in the low-sulfate grown cells. When the contents of the nutrients ...
Herpetology 483/583
Herpetology 483/583

... Really Short Answer (one word or sentence) (~30 pts) Short Answer (a couple of sentences) (~45 pts) Longer Answer (a paragraph or more) (~15 pts) Questions/topics from each lecture/lab: 18 October 2005, Circulation/Cardiac Function 1. How are cardiac muscle cells different than skeletal muscle? Why ...
Aldose reductase mRNA is an epithelial cell
Aldose reductase mRNA is an epithelial cell

... is a monomer of a subunits, and aldehyde reductase is a dimer of a and 0 or <5 subunits.2 In particular AR is thought to be responsible for accumulation of polyols in lenses exposed to high doses of glucose or galactose.34 Therefore, quantitation of AR mRNA. including its nuclear RNA precursor, by i ...
The extracellular matix (ECM) Three types of molecules are
The extracellular matix (ECM) Three types of molecules are

... The covalent intramolecular and intermolecular cross-links formed between modified lysine side chains within a collagen fibril. The crosslinks are formed in several steps. First, certain lysine and hydroxylysine residues are deaminated by the extracellular enzyme lysyl oxidase to yield highly reacti ...
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... signatures. The proximo-posterior side of the embryo is marked by the expression of Wnt3 (RiveraPérez and Magnuson, 2005) which engage in a signaling autoregulatory loop involving Nodal from the epiblast and BMP4 from the ExE (Ben-Haim et al., 2006; Brennan et al., 2001). Nodal and B ...
Dephosphorylation Agents Depress Gap Junctional Communication
Dephosphorylation Agents Depress Gap Junctional Communication

... electrophoretically detected (Musil et al. 1990). In neonatal heart cells in primary culture, Cx43 is predominantly phosphorylated and changes in the connexin phosphorylation state could modulate the degree of cell-to-cell coupling (for a review, see for example Sáez et al. 1993). A nucleophilic age ...
Negative control of cell size in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus
Negative control of cell size in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus

... related cyanobacteria NblS, RpaB, and its non-essential paralog SrrA constitute a branched pathway. SrrA is preferentially phosphorylated by NblS in vitro but environmental repression of srrA prevents deleterious interference with the essential RpaB pathway [8]. SipA, a non-essential factor with a S ...
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... post-infection, teixobactin is introduced i.v. at single doses ranging 1 to 20 mg per kg. All treated animals survived and in a subsequent experiment the PD50 (protective dose at which half of the animals survive) is determined to be 0.2 mg per kg, which compares favourably to the 2.75 mg per kg Pd5 ...
$doc.title

... LFP  Consensus     •  LFP  dominated  by  ensemble  averaged  PSPs   •  Integrated  over  some  area  100s  microns  -­‐  cms   •  Individual  spikes  (or  PSPs)  cannot  be  measured   ...
Chapter
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... Section 3.4: Solvent Properties of Water Can be measured with an osmometer or calculated ( =iMRT) Cells may gain or lose water because of the environmental solute concentration Solute concentration differences between the cell and the environment can have important consequences Isotonic solutio ...
Interactions of Human Body Systems
Interactions of Human Body Systems

... Interactions of Human Body Systems How do human body systems interact and support life? ...
Dynamin 2 mediates fluid-phase micropinocytosis in epithelial cells
Dynamin 2 mediates fluid-phase micropinocytosis in epithelial cells

... Dyn2(bb) (Cao et al., 1998; Sontag et al., 1994), were analyzed because Dyn2 is the only known conventional dynamin expressed in epithelial cells. In an earlier study, we defined distinct differences in the cytoplasmic distribution of some of the dynamin isoforms and spliced variants (Cao et al., 19 ...
cranium - Joomag
cranium - Joomag

... with great force, and arteries need to be able to withstand this. Therefore, artery walls are much thicker, more elastic and more muscular than other vessels. There are smaller arteries that are more muscular in their walls as they contract and expand in order to regulate blood flow to different par ...
Our Human Body - Classroom Activities 1-13
Our Human Body - Classroom Activities 1-13

... information about the role that it performs to keep humans alive. The teacher will need to communicate with students about the amount of time dedicated to this part of the activity. Part 3: Trace the outline of one person from each group onto a large piece of poster page. Alternatively use an A3 cop ...
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Turtle parts

... Its function is _______________ respiratory Name the body system ___________ ...
Chapter One - Human AP
Chapter One - Human AP

... 29. Which of the following is an example of an environmental factor or need of an organism? A.carbon dioxide B.water C.wastes D.All of these are correct. 30. Homeostasis is a condition whereby body parts function efficiently only when the concentrations of water, food substances, and oxygen, and th ...
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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.Although multiple publications claim to have translated organ functions onto this interface, the movement towards this microfluidic application is still in its infancy. Organs-on-chips will vary in design and approach between different researchers. As such, validation and optimization of these systems will likely be a long process. Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include the heart, the lung, kidney, artery, bone, cartilage, skin and more.Nevertheless, building valid artificial organs requires not only a precise cellular manipulation, but a detailed understanding of the human body’s fundamental intricate response to any event. A common concern with organs-on-chips lies in the isolation of organs during testing. ""If you don’t use as close to the total physiological system that you can, you’re likely to run into troubles"" says William Haseltine, founder of Rockville, Maryland. Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions.
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