Reverse migration of neutrophils: Where, when, how and why
... detailed in Box 1. Specifically, through the use of genetically modified mice exhibiting RFPcherrypericytes (under the control of the αSMA promoter) and GFP-neutrophils (LysM-GFP-ki mice), realtime imaging has revealed that post TEM, neutrophils exhibit significant crawling along pericyte processes ...
... detailed in Box 1. Specifically, through the use of genetically modified mice exhibiting RFPcherrypericytes (under the control of the αSMA promoter) and GFP-neutrophils (LysM-GFP-ki mice), realtime imaging has revealed that post TEM, neutrophils exhibit significant crawling along pericyte processes ...
The Vg1-related protein Gdf3 acts in a Nodal signaling
... complexes were low (data not shown), indicating that our findings are not a consequence of the use of a heterologous Bmp2 prodomain. Furthermore, in crosslinking/co-immunoprecipitation experiments in the absence of co-transfected activin receptors, we found that Cripto interacted equally well with t ...
... complexes were low (data not shown), indicating that our findings are not a consequence of the use of a heterologous Bmp2 prodomain. Furthermore, in crosslinking/co-immunoprecipitation experiments in the absence of co-transfected activin receptors, we found that Cripto interacted equally well with t ...
Cellular Pathology
... pigment seen in the hepatocytes here is lipochrome (lipofuscin) which accumulates over time in cells (particularly liver and heart) as a result of "wear and tear" with aging. It is of no major consequence, but illustrates the end result of the process of autophagocytosis in which intracellular debri ...
... pigment seen in the hepatocytes here is lipochrome (lipofuscin) which accumulates over time in cells (particularly liver and heart) as a result of "wear and tear" with aging. It is of no major consequence, but illustrates the end result of the process of autophagocytosis in which intracellular debri ...
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... not for its stabilization, and that the loss of smp results in a shift from nuclear to cytoplasmic distribution of β-catenin. The dependence of β-catenin nuclear localization on smp suggests that the proteins colocalize in the nucleus. Immunohistochemistry with antibodies (supplementary material Fig ...
... not for its stabilization, and that the loss of smp results in a shift from nuclear to cytoplasmic distribution of β-catenin. The dependence of β-catenin nuclear localization on smp suggests that the proteins colocalize in the nucleus. Immunohistochemistry with antibodies (supplementary material Fig ...
Ouabain-Insensitive Na+-ATPase Activity in Trypanosoma cruzi
... increase in N a+ concentration (from 5 to 170 mM), in the presence of 2 mM ouabain, increases the ATPase activity in a saturable manner along a rectangular hyperbola. The was 18.0 ± 1.0 and 21.1 ± 1.1 nmoles Pi x mg - 1 x m in - 1 and the half-activation value (K50) for Na+ was 34.3 ± 5.8 mM and 37. ...
... increase in N a+ concentration (from 5 to 170 mM), in the presence of 2 mM ouabain, increases the ATPase activity in a saturable manner along a rectangular hyperbola. The was 18.0 ± 1.0 and 21.1 ± 1.1 nmoles Pi x mg - 1 x m in - 1 and the half-activation value (K50) for Na+ was 34.3 ± 5.8 mM and 37. ...
Sucrose and Invertase, an Uneasy Alliance
... Figure 3.1. Scheme showing the involvement of acid invertase in regulation of cellular hexose content. Fast exchanges are shown by thick arrows, and slow exchanges by thin arrows. Fru, fructose; glu, glucose; INV, invertase; TP, triose phosphate; *, symplastic export of sucrose; **, apoplastic expor ...
... Figure 3.1. Scheme showing the involvement of acid invertase in regulation of cellular hexose content. Fast exchanges are shown by thick arrows, and slow exchanges by thin arrows. Fru, fructose; glu, glucose; INV, invertase; TP, triose phosphate; *, symplastic export of sucrose; **, apoplastic expor ...
IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH
... ton, are thus of prime importance for a better understanding of the occurrence of toxic blooms and more generally to assess bacteria–phytoplankton association in marine pelagic ecosystems. So far the physical association between bacteria and phytoplankton has been studied by different technical appr ...
... ton, are thus of prime importance for a better understanding of the occurrence of toxic blooms and more generally to assess bacteria–phytoplankton association in marine pelagic ecosystems. So far the physical association between bacteria and phytoplankton has been studied by different technical appr ...
Xyloglucan and its Interactions with Other Components of the
... 2014), but xyloglucan content may be as low as 2% (Thimm et al. 2002). Grasses—but not monocots in general—have a reduced xyloglucan content; values of approximately 5% of primary walls are typical in grasses, but values as high as 10% occur (Carpita 1996, Gibeaut et al. 2005). Xyloglucans consist o ...
... 2014), but xyloglucan content may be as low as 2% (Thimm et al. 2002). Grasses—but not monocots in general—have a reduced xyloglucan content; values of approximately 5% of primary walls are typical in grasses, but values as high as 10% occur (Carpita 1996, Gibeaut et al. 2005). Xyloglucans consist o ...
Identification and Characterization of the Acid Phosphatase HppA in
... world’s population and is believed to be the main etiological agent of gastric diseases and/or carcinomas [19, 20]. H. pylori apparently favors neutral pH for growth, but it resides in extremely low pH conditions, which results from the presence of gastric acid or the occasional acid shocks that occ ...
... world’s population and is believed to be the main etiological agent of gastric diseases and/or carcinomas [19, 20]. H. pylori apparently favors neutral pH for growth, but it resides in extremely low pH conditions, which results from the presence of gastric acid or the occasional acid shocks that occ ...
The Differential Degradation of Two Cytosolic Proteins As a Tool to
... observations were restricted to the degradation of these complexes while, in general, autophagy is thought to be a nonspecific process in which cytoplasmic proteins are degraded randomly. This has recently been illustrated by Kopitz et al. (1990), who found similar rates for autophagic degradation o ...
... observations were restricted to the degradation of these complexes while, in general, autophagy is thought to be a nonspecific process in which cytoplasmic proteins are degraded randomly. This has recently been illustrated by Kopitz et al. (1990), who found similar rates for autophagic degradation o ...
Epstein-Barr virus exploits intrinsic B-lymphocyte
... In contrast to LCL enhancer sites where RELA-ETS, EBFRUNX, and EBF were associated with higher H3K4me1 signals (P < 0.01) versus ETS, RBPJ, and repressive RUNX (Fig. 1C, Left), and as a single-factor EBF had the largest up-regulatory effect (Table S4), at promoter sites, EBNA2 and RELA-ETS, ETS, and ...
... In contrast to LCL enhancer sites where RELA-ETS, EBFRUNX, and EBF were associated with higher H3K4me1 signals (P < 0.01) versus ETS, RBPJ, and repressive RUNX (Fig. 1C, Left), and as a single-factor EBF had the largest up-regulatory effect (Table S4), at promoter sites, EBNA2 and RELA-ETS, ETS, and ...
Characterization of CIC transporter proteins Moradi, Hossein
... transported is established. The Nernst potential considers next to the difference in concentration also the fact that charges are transported. As soon as for instance K+ flows through a potassium-specific channel it leaves a negative charge behind and thus a potential difference across the membrane ...
... transported is established. The Nernst potential considers next to the difference in concentration also the fact that charges are transported. As soon as for instance K+ flows through a potassium-specific channel it leaves a negative charge behind and thus a potential difference across the membrane ...
the extracellular electrical current pattern and its variability in
... stage 10B), but variations, particularly at older vitellogenic stages, were frequently observed (Fig. 3). Even in a single follicle the positions of maximal current densities and of current reversal are not necessarily symmetrical on opposite sides, which is most obvious at stages 11-14 (for example ...
... stage 10B), but variations, particularly at older vitellogenic stages, were frequently observed (Fig. 3). Even in a single follicle the positions of maximal current densities and of current reversal are not necessarily symmetrical on opposite sides, which is most obvious at stages 11-14 (for example ...
Protection by chlorpromazine, albumin and bivalent cations against
... addition of the cells and the peptides into the cuvette. In other words, after dilution and equilibration in the cuvette, RBC became several times more sensitive to lytic action of the same amount of peptide. The magnitude of this effect is larger using bee venom and melittin as compared with P14A, ...
... addition of the cells and the peptides into the cuvette. In other words, after dilution and equilibration in the cuvette, RBC became several times more sensitive to lytic action of the same amount of peptide. The magnitude of this effect is larger using bee venom and melittin as compared with P14A, ...
Blood Vessel Patterning at the Embryonic Midline
... which prevented extensive molecular analysis until these studies could be carried out at the single-cell level. Vascular pattern formation has been even more refractory to mechanistic analysis, even though these patterns have been described for hundreds of years. However, the recent surge in interes ...
... which prevented extensive molecular analysis until these studies could be carried out at the single-cell level. Vascular pattern formation has been even more refractory to mechanistic analysis, even though these patterns have been described for hundreds of years. However, the recent surge in interes ...
An Important Pool of Sucrose Linked to Starch Biosynthesis is Taken
... of the endocytic inhibitors wortmannin and 2-(4-morpholynyl-)-8-phenyl-4H-1 benzopyran-4-1 (LY294002). These analyses revealed a two-phase process involving an initial 120 min wortmannin- and LY294002-insensitive starch accumulation period, followed by a prolonged phase that was arrested by the endo ...
... of the endocytic inhibitors wortmannin and 2-(4-morpholynyl-)-8-phenyl-4H-1 benzopyran-4-1 (LY294002). These analyses revealed a two-phase process involving an initial 120 min wortmannin- and LY294002-insensitive starch accumulation period, followed by a prolonged phase that was arrested by the endo ...
Naturally Occurring Ligand Isoforms Receptor Binding and Function
... We used a comparative approach to identify the fetal liver tyrosine kinase 3 (flt3) ligand structure required for binding and function. Two conserved bovine flt3 ligand isoforms, which differ in a defined region within the extracellular domain, were identified and shown to be uniformly transcribed i ...
... We used a comparative approach to identify the fetal liver tyrosine kinase 3 (flt3) ligand structure required for binding and function. Two conserved bovine flt3 ligand isoforms, which differ in a defined region within the extracellular domain, were identified and shown to be uniformly transcribed i ...
Evasion of the Immune Response by Trypanosoma cruzi during
... that affects millions of people mainly in Latin America. To establish a life-long infection, T. cruzi must subvert the vertebrate host’s immune system, using strategies that can be traced to the parasite’s life cycle. Once inside the vertebrate host, metacyclic trypomastigotes rapidly invade a wide ...
... that affects millions of people mainly in Latin America. To establish a life-long infection, T. cruzi must subvert the vertebrate host’s immune system, using strategies that can be traced to the parasite’s life cycle. Once inside the vertebrate host, metacyclic trypomastigotes rapidly invade a wide ...
Essays41 Chap03 - Essays in Biochemistry
... - and -subunits of the proteolytic core particle, the 20 S proteasome, evolved from the same predecessor. The most primitive archaeal proteasomes contain just one - and one -subunit and their subunit stoichiometry is therefore 7,7,7,7. During evolution, each of these two subunits diverged in ...
... - and -subunits of the proteolytic core particle, the 20 S proteasome, evolved from the same predecessor. The most primitive archaeal proteasomes contain just one - and one -subunit and their subunit stoichiometry is therefore 7,7,7,7. During evolution, each of these two subunits diverged in ...
Microscopy Microanalysis
... Different mechanisms, which could induce precipitation in natural habitats by bacteria, have been proposed and active and passive roles of bacteria in these processes have been suggested ~Erlich, 1996; Morita, 1980; Novitsky, 1981!. However, in many cases their precise role in carbonate formation is ...
... Different mechanisms, which could induce precipitation in natural habitats by bacteria, have been proposed and active and passive roles of bacteria in these processes have been suggested ~Erlich, 1996; Morita, 1980; Novitsky, 1981!. However, in many cases their precise role in carbonate formation is ...
Tomato: a model species for fruit growth and development studies
... also be considered as the ripening control factor, because the ABA content is very low in unripe fruit but increases during the process of fruit ripening (Zhang et al. 2009). Ethylene production is closely associated with ripening of many fruits. Fruits, in general, show two distinct respiratory pat ...
... also be considered as the ripening control factor, because the ABA content is very low in unripe fruit but increases during the process of fruit ripening (Zhang et al. 2009). Ethylene production is closely associated with ripening of many fruits. Fruits, in general, show two distinct respiratory pat ...
Spiralian Development: A Perspective Seventy
... macromeres and the Arabic numerals 1-4 Spiral cleavage is characterized by a rota- for the first micromeres, in his description tional movement of cell parts around the of pteropod cleavage. Whitman (1878) egg axis, leading to an inclination of the who, perhaps more than any other invesdivision spin ...
... macromeres and the Arabic numerals 1-4 Spiral cleavage is characterized by a rota- for the first micromeres, in his description tional movement of cell parts around the of pteropod cleavage. Whitman (1878) egg axis, leading to an inclination of the who, perhaps more than any other invesdivision spin ...
Integration of light and metabolic signals for stem cell
... growth media with 1% sucrose we observed a clear induction of WUS expression in ...
... growth media with 1% sucrose we observed a clear induction of WUS expression in ...