A C-terminus Mitochondrial-localization Region and BH3 Domain of
... 3.3 - Analysis of protein expression confirms that GFP plasmids express proteins at equal levels and expected molecular weights. ........................................................51 3.4 – An element of the Puma c-terminus is required and sufficient for cellular localization of Puma............ ...
... 3.3 - Analysis of protein expression confirms that GFP plasmids express proteins at equal levels and expected molecular weights. ........................................................51 3.4 – An element of the Puma c-terminus is required and sufficient for cellular localization of Puma............ ...
catecholamine-depleted rat ventricular myocytes
... Because the peak current density of Ito measured at ⫹65 mV from a holding potential of ⫺80 mV was not significantly different from untreated and vehicle-treated rats, the data for these two groups were pooled. As it has been shown by Rice et al. (38) that the tissue contain only 4% the norepinephrin ...
... Because the peak current density of Ito measured at ⫹65 mV from a holding potential of ⫺80 mV was not significantly different from untreated and vehicle-treated rats, the data for these two groups were pooled. As it has been shown by Rice et al. (38) that the tissue contain only 4% the norepinephrin ...
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation and the Challenges to
... nitrogen fixers, intercellular endophytic associations, and endosymbioses. Interactions between plants and associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which are considered a subset of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Fig. 1), are the simplest form of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. These associativ ...
... nitrogen fixers, intercellular endophytic associations, and endosymbioses. Interactions between plants and associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which are considered a subset of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Fig. 1), are the simplest form of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. These associativ ...
Chato, a KRAB zinc-finger protein, regulates
... chato mutants fail to elongate the anteriorposterior axis The chato mutation was isolated in a mutagenesis screen designed to identify recessive mutations that alter embryonic morphology at midgestation (Garcia-Garcia et al., 2005; see Materials and methods). chato mutant embryos arrested by E9.0 an ...
... chato mutants fail to elongate the anteriorposterior axis The chato mutation was isolated in a mutagenesis screen designed to identify recessive mutations that alter embryonic morphology at midgestation (Garcia-Garcia et al., 2005; see Materials and methods). chato mutant embryos arrested by E9.0 an ...
Lareau et al, eLife, 2014
... ribosome reads the genetic code in the mRNA in groups of three letters at a time, and each triplet of letters (or codon) represents an amino acid. The ribosome then joins the relevant amino acids together to build a protein. The ribosome processes about six amino acids per second, on average, but th ...
... ribosome reads the genetic code in the mRNA in groups of three letters at a time, and each triplet of letters (or codon) represents an amino acid. The ribosome then joins the relevant amino acids together to build a protein. The ribosome processes about six amino acids per second, on average, but th ...
Otsuka M
... into mature miRNA (Figure 1F). The unexpected stability of the viable phenotype could be due to a particular constellation of 129 and C57BL/6 background genes, to an unknown mutation that permits adequate alternative splicing of the variant Dicer1 transcript, or to the elimination of a lethal mutati ...
... into mature miRNA (Figure 1F). The unexpected stability of the viable phenotype could be due to a particular constellation of 129 and C57BL/6 background genes, to an unknown mutation that permits adequate alternative splicing of the variant Dicer1 transcript, or to the elimination of a lethal mutati ...
Tcf3: a transcriptional regulator of axis induction in the early embryo
... The roles of Lef/Tcf proteins in determining cell fate characteristics have been described in many contexts during vertebrate embryogenesis, organ and tissue homeostasis, and cancer formation. Although much of the accumulated work on these proteins involves their ability to transactivate target gene ...
... The roles of Lef/Tcf proteins in determining cell fate characteristics have been described in many contexts during vertebrate embryogenesis, organ and tissue homeostasis, and cancer formation. Although much of the accumulated work on these proteins involves their ability to transactivate target gene ...
Circadian Molecular Clocks Tick along Ontogenesis
... et al. 2007). The mechanism by which the coupling is accomplished is not well understood. Several mechanisms underlying the intercellular synchrony have been considered, namely electrical coupling (Aton and Herzog 2005) and coupling by neurotransmitters, such as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VI ...
... et al. 2007). The mechanism by which the coupling is accomplished is not well understood. Several mechanisms underlying the intercellular synchrony have been considered, namely electrical coupling (Aton and Herzog 2005) and coupling by neurotransmitters, such as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VI ...
Interaction of Antiparallel Microtubules in the
... vesicles began to accumulate at the division site, long MTs were frequently detected in the phragmoplast formed between two reforming daughter nuclei (Figure 1A). Although many MTs were terminated in regions where vesicles accumulated, others crossed the midline and overlapped (Figures 1A and 1B). S ...
... vesicles began to accumulate at the division site, long MTs were frequently detected in the phragmoplast formed between two reforming daughter nuclei (Figure 1A). Although many MTs were terminated in regions where vesicles accumulated, others crossed the midline and overlapped (Figures 1A and 1B). S ...
Anion-Channel Blockers Inhibit S-Type Anion
... stomatal opening. Stomatal closure requires that an electrochemical driving force be created for ion efflux that drives water loss and guard cell shrinkage. A mechanism is required that can strongly and continuously depolarize the membrane potential, thus creating a gradient for K+ efflux through ou ...
... stomatal opening. Stomatal closure requires that an electrochemical driving force be created for ion efflux that drives water loss and guard cell shrinkage. A mechanism is required that can strongly and continuously depolarize the membrane potential, thus creating a gradient for K+ efflux through ou ...
A Critical Role for Extracellular DNA in Dental Plaque Formation
... and eDNA lattice structures, or “sweaters” observed within in vitro Enterococcus faecalis biofilms ...
... and eDNA lattice structures, or “sweaters” observed within in vitro Enterococcus faecalis biofilms ...
3 Adhesion and Adhesives of Fungi and Oomycetes
... mucilage released from the spore tip. The acr1-conidia fail to produce the spore tip mucilage, are non-adherent, and are inefficient in forming appressoria. While mutants in regulatory genes are extremely informative about pathways (e.g., Liu and Kolattukudy 1999), they are not as useful for adhesio ...
... mucilage released from the spore tip. The acr1-conidia fail to produce the spore tip mucilage, are non-adherent, and are inefficient in forming appressoria. While mutants in regulatory genes are extremely informative about pathways (e.g., Liu and Kolattukudy 1999), they are not as useful for adhesio ...
LIINA JAKOBSON The roles of abscisic acid, CO , and the cuticle in
... against the gradient by consuming ATP energy (Gadsby, 2009). Compared to one-gated channels, ion pumps need two gates, one at either side of the membrane, which function alternatingly like the water-locks on the canals of Amsterdam (Gadsby, 2009). Consequently, ion pumps transport ions several orde ...
... against the gradient by consuming ATP energy (Gadsby, 2009). Compared to one-gated channels, ion pumps need two gates, one at either side of the membrane, which function alternatingly like the water-locks on the canals of Amsterdam (Gadsby, 2009). Consequently, ion pumps transport ions several orde ...
Impact of invertase overexpression on cell size
... exhibited a severe increase in turgor pressure within epidermis and mesophyll cells. In contrast, turgor and osmotic pressure remained largely constant during rapid stem elongation in darkness ( Kutschera, 1991a, b). Since stem elongation is accompanied by a corresponding accumulation of soluble sug ...
... exhibited a severe increase in turgor pressure within epidermis and mesophyll cells. In contrast, turgor and osmotic pressure remained largely constant during rapid stem elongation in darkness ( Kutschera, 1991a, b). Since stem elongation is accompanied by a corresponding accumulation of soluble sug ...
Self-assembled pH-responsive hyaluronic acid–g-poly(l
... of the cellular chemical substances and does not require the exact location of tumors for triggered release compared with other stimuli-responsive strategies [22,25]. It is well known that the physiological pH in cancer cells is lower than that in blood and normal tissues, and is about 6.0 and 5.0 i ...
... of the cellular chemical substances and does not require the exact location of tumors for triggered release compared with other stimuli-responsive strategies [22,25]. It is well known that the physiological pH in cancer cells is lower than that in blood and normal tissues, and is about 6.0 and 5.0 i ...
Hormonal interactions during root tropic growth: hydrotropism versus
... role of AUX1 in the basipital transport of auxin to the elongation zone (Swarup et al. 2005). The roots of the aux1 mutant exhibit a defect in root gravitropism (Bennett et al. 1996; Swarup et al. 2005). These results suggest that delivery of auxin from the columella cells to the epidermal cells of ...
... role of AUX1 in the basipital transport of auxin to the elongation zone (Swarup et al. 2005). The roots of the aux1 mutant exhibit a defect in root gravitropism (Bennett et al. 1996; Swarup et al. 2005). These results suggest that delivery of auxin from the columella cells to the epidermal cells of ...
Oscillations of the Snail Genes in the Presomitic Mesoderm
... gene her13.2, required for cyclic gene oscillations, is regulated by FGF signaling (Kawamura et al., 2005). Thus, it appears that several levels of crosstalk exist between the NOTCH, the WNT, and the FGF pathways in somitogenesis. The SNAIL superfamily of transcriptional repressors, most notably SNA ...
... gene her13.2, required for cyclic gene oscillations, is regulated by FGF signaling (Kawamura et al., 2005). Thus, it appears that several levels of crosstalk exist between the NOTCH, the WNT, and the FGF pathways in somitogenesis. The SNAIL superfamily of transcriptional repressors, most notably SNA ...
Membrane immersion allows rhomboid proteases to achieve
... The membrane imparts site-specificity and substrate selectivity In order to identify any specific contributions of the cell membrane to proteolysis, we compared catalysis in living cells to catalysis in detergent micelles that support high levels of rhomboid activity. Mass spectrometry revealed that ...
... The membrane imparts site-specificity and substrate selectivity In order to identify any specific contributions of the cell membrane to proteolysis, we compared catalysis in living cells to catalysis in detergent micelles that support high levels of rhomboid activity. Mass spectrometry revealed that ...
Actin Dynamics in Muscle Cells
... to severe sarcomere abnormalities in cardiomyocytes. The actin filament nucleation activity of Lmod is enhanced by interactions with tropomyosin. We also revealed that Lmod expression correlates with the maturation of myofibrils, and that it associates with sarcomeres only at relatively late stages of ...
... to severe sarcomere abnormalities in cardiomyocytes. The actin filament nucleation activity of Lmod is enhanced by interactions with tropomyosin. We also revealed that Lmod expression correlates with the maturation of myofibrils, and that it associates with sarcomeres only at relatively late stages of ...
Isolation and characterization of acid
... cultured in MRS broth for 15 h and adjusted to A660 about 0.8 then were used as inoculum (2%) for the growth experiments in MRS broth. The pH of the culture broth was monitored for 24e72 h and the isolates with the highest culture broth pH were stored in 20% glycerol at 80 C. To obtain isolates w ...
... cultured in MRS broth for 15 h and adjusted to A660 about 0.8 then were used as inoculum (2%) for the growth experiments in MRS broth. The pH of the culture broth was monitored for 24e72 h and the isolates with the highest culture broth pH were stored in 20% glycerol at 80 C. To obtain isolates w ...
Reactive oxygen species are linked to the toxicity of the
... tamarense species complex, each with a different paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) content. Both protist species fed on all 3 Alexandrium strains, but significant mortality occurred within 24 h of initial exposure to high densities of each dinoflagellate isolate. Protist mortality was not related, how ...
... tamarense species complex, each with a different paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) content. Both protist species fed on all 3 Alexandrium strains, but significant mortality occurred within 24 h of initial exposure to high densities of each dinoflagellate isolate. Protist mortality was not related, how ...