Bacillus anthracis produces membrane-derived vesicles containing biologically active toxins
... Many Gram-negative pathogenic bacterial species, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, produce vesicles that contain toxins or other virulence factors and, in several cases, vesicles have been proposed to be vehicles for toxin delivery to eukaryotic cells (14– 17). Significantly less is known about the r ...
... Many Gram-negative pathogenic bacterial species, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, produce vesicles that contain toxins or other virulence factors and, in several cases, vesicles have been proposed to be vehicles for toxin delivery to eukaryotic cells (14– 17). Significantly less is known about the r ...
The Role Of The Planar Cell Polarity Pathway In The Second Heart
... microcosm, from where all vigor and strength does flow. —William Harvey, De Motu Cordis, 1628 ...
... microcosm, from where all vigor and strength does flow. —William Harvey, De Motu Cordis, 1628 ...
Cornell University, 1989 M.S. Environmental Engineering Stanford University, 1990
... Olson for their patience and devotion to my work over these many years. Through them, I have been able to gain many different insights into the world of oceanography, and science in general. Over my final year, I have benefited tremendously from involvements with two other scientists. Dave Karl open ...
... Olson for their patience and devotion to my work over these many years. Through them, I have been able to gain many different insights into the world of oceanography, and science in general. Over my final year, I have benefited tremendously from involvements with two other scientists. Dave Karl open ...
Vertebrate limb development--the early stages in chick - ICB-USP
... (Fgf8 is never expressed). A strikingly similar limb phenotype was observed more recently in the knockout of FGF receptor 2-IIIb [12•], for which FGF10 had previously been suggested to be the major ligand [13]. Mice deficient for this particular receptor isoform show agenesis of limbs but, surprisin ...
... (Fgf8 is never expressed). A strikingly similar limb phenotype was observed more recently in the knockout of FGF receptor 2-IIIb [12•], for which FGF10 had previously been suggested to be the major ligand [13]. Mice deficient for this particular receptor isoform show agenesis of limbs but, surprisin ...
Synaptic Mechanisms of Forward Suppression in Rat
... forward suppression (a 66% reduction in the P2/P1 ratio, Figure 3B). Inhibitory duration was similarly increased in all cells held through intraperitoneal injection. On average, the time constant of inhibitory decay increased by 643% ± 165% (n = 4 cells, mean ± SEM). We conclude that the prolonged i ...
... forward suppression (a 66% reduction in the P2/P1 ratio, Figure 3B). Inhibitory duration was similarly increased in all cells held through intraperitoneal injection. On average, the time constant of inhibitory decay increased by 643% ± 165% (n = 4 cells, mean ± SEM). We conclude that the prolonged i ...
Plant Growth Regulators II: Cytokinins, their Analogues and
... Chapter 4); amongst which have been found the natural cytokinin zeatin, and 1,3-diphenylurea (11) (Shantz and Steward, 1955). The latter compound, and many other substituted ureas, have cytokinin activity and can promote the growth of dormant buds (Kefford et al., 1966), and induce cell division in ...
... Chapter 4); amongst which have been found the natural cytokinin zeatin, and 1,3-diphenylurea (11) (Shantz and Steward, 1955). The latter compound, and many other substituted ureas, have cytokinin activity and can promote the growth of dormant buds (Kefford et al., 1966), and induce cell division in ...
Temporal Regulation of RNA Polymerase II by Srb10 and Kin28
... Lu et al., 1992; Serizawa et al., 1992). The Srb10 kinase has been proposed to be a CTD kinase based upon genetic evidence for an interaction with the CTD and evidence that holoenzyme preparations lacking Srb10 activity have substantially reduced CTD kinase activity (Liao et al., 1995). We tested wh ...
... Lu et al., 1992; Serizawa et al., 1992). The Srb10 kinase has been proposed to be a CTD kinase based upon genetic evidence for an interaction with the CTD and evidence that holoenzyme preparations lacking Srb10 activity have substantially reduced CTD kinase activity (Liao et al., 1995). We tested wh ...
The Shwachman-Diamond SBDS protein localizes to the nucleolus
... the effects of hypomorphic alleles and that complete loss of SBDS function was likely to be lethal.16 This observation provides a possible rationale for the prevalence of this splice site mutation in patients with SDS. In further support of the antibody specificity, the introduction of a wild-type S ...
... the effects of hypomorphic alleles and that complete loss of SBDS function was likely to be lethal.16 This observation provides a possible rationale for the prevalence of this splice site mutation in patients with SDS. In further support of the antibody specificity, the introduction of a wild-type S ...
Engineering microfluidic concentration gradient generators for
... A microfluidic gradient generator manipulates small volumes of reagents, usually in nanolitres or microlitres, through networks of sub-micron to micrometer sized channels. The advances in microfabrication technology led to the continuous miniaturization of channel geometries, thereby reducing gradie ...
... A microfluidic gradient generator manipulates small volumes of reagents, usually in nanolitres or microlitres, through networks of sub-micron to micrometer sized channels. The advances in microfabrication technology led to the continuous miniaturization of channel geometries, thereby reducing gradie ...
Engineering microfluidic concentration gradient generators for
... A microfluidic gradient generator manipulates small volumes of reagents, usually in nanolitres or microlitres, through networks of sub-micron to micrometer sized channels. The advances in microfabrication technology led to the continuous miniaturization of channel geometries, thereby reducing gradie ...
... A microfluidic gradient generator manipulates small volumes of reagents, usually in nanolitres or microlitres, through networks of sub-micron to micrometer sized channels. The advances in microfabrication technology led to the continuous miniaturization of channel geometries, thereby reducing gradie ...
Spatiotemporal Patterns of Expression of NGF and the Low
... ends of the limb persisted throughout limb development, with some of the highest levels of expression occurring at the limb axillary sites, which were not highly innervated. We have also found ~75”” expression at sites of mesenchymal/epithelial interactions in several developing organs that do not a ...
... ends of the limb persisted throughout limb development, with some of the highest levels of expression occurring at the limb axillary sites, which were not highly innervated. We have also found ~75”” expression at sites of mesenchymal/epithelial interactions in several developing organs that do not a ...
Involvement of the Sieve Element Cytoskeleton in
... Figure 2. Immunocytochemical visualization of a parietal actin network in SEs of fava bean. For indirect immunolocalization, ultrathin sections were labeled with clone C4 anti-actin (dilution in A–C, 1:100; dilution in D, 1:200) or with buffer (control; E) and treated with 5-nm gold-labeled secondar ...
... Figure 2. Immunocytochemical visualization of a parietal actin network in SEs of fava bean. For indirect immunolocalization, ultrathin sections were labeled with clone C4 anti-actin (dilution in A–C, 1:100; dilution in D, 1:200) or with buffer (control; E) and treated with 5-nm gold-labeled secondar ...
RA/FGF control Meis in PD limb development
... with Meis activation in the apical ectoderm (Fig. 1I,J). To avoid the negative effect upon the AER, we inserted the beads into the distal mesenchyme about 150 µm apart from the AER, a position referred hereafter as subapical. When RA beads were applied subapically in the distal mesenchyme, limb grow ...
... with Meis activation in the apical ectoderm (Fig. 1I,J). To avoid the negative effect upon the AER, we inserted the beads into the distal mesenchyme about 150 µm apart from the AER, a position referred hereafter as subapical. When RA beads were applied subapically in the distal mesenchyme, limb grow ...
The glycocalyx is present as soon as blood flow is initiated and is
... The stage at which both the glycocalyx and the ESL form during vascular development is not known. Many of the proteins that produce the GAGs of the glycocalyx are expressed before the onset of blood flow (Klewer et al., 2006). Lectins are proteins that bind to specific disaccharides in glycosaminoglyc ...
... The stage at which both the glycocalyx and the ESL form during vascular development is not known. Many of the proteins that produce the GAGs of the glycocalyx are expressed before the onset of blood flow (Klewer et al., 2006). Lectins are proteins that bind to specific disaccharides in glycosaminoglyc ...
Masking the Pathogen: Evolutionary Strategies of Fungi and Their
... influenzae [27,28], and is known to share antigenic determinants with certain pneumococcal PSs [29,30]. In addition, the presence of capsule has been implicated in biofilm formation, which correlates with the ability of capsular PS to bind polystyrene solid supports [31]. The primary structure of th ...
... influenzae [27,28], and is known to share antigenic determinants with certain pneumococcal PSs [29,30]. In addition, the presence of capsule has been implicated in biofilm formation, which correlates with the ability of capsular PS to bind polystyrene solid supports [31]. The primary structure of th ...
Bradykinin stimulates IL-6 and IL-8 production by human lung
... generated from kininogens by the action of plasma and tissue kallikreins. It has been postulated that the kallikreinkinin system is important in the pathophysiology of acute lung injury, acute (adult) respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ failure. Experimental endotoxin shock, bact ...
... generated from kininogens by the action of plasma and tissue kallikreins. It has been postulated that the kallikreinkinin system is important in the pathophysiology of acute lung injury, acute (adult) respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ failure. Experimental endotoxin shock, bact ...
What`s the Difference? Efficient Set Reconciliation without
... We start with a simple model of set reconciliation. For two sets SA , SB each containing elements from a universe, U = [0, u), we want to compute the set difference, DA−B and DB−A , where DA−B = SA − SB such that for all s ∈ DA−B , s ∈ SA and s∈ / SB . Likewise, DB−A = SB −SA . We say that D = DA−B ...
... We start with a simple model of set reconciliation. For two sets SA , SB each containing elements from a universe, U = [0, u), we want to compute the set difference, DA−B and DB−A , where DA−B = SA − SB such that for all s ∈ DA−B , s ∈ SA and s∈ / SB . Likewise, DB−A = SB −SA . We say that D = DA−B ...
Subcellular Trafficking of Mammalian Lysosomal Proteins: An
... and enrichment level over total proteins in each fraction) differs from those reported for proteins located in other cellular structures led to the discovery of lysosomes ([1], reviewed by Sabatini and Adesnik [2]). Today, proteomic analyses have revealed that the lumen of lysosomes contains approxi ...
... and enrichment level over total proteins in each fraction) differs from those reported for proteins located in other cellular structures led to the discovery of lysosomes ([1], reviewed by Sabatini and Adesnik [2]). Today, proteomic analyses have revealed that the lumen of lysosomes contains approxi ...
Keystone Standards
... BIO.B.4. 1. Describe ecological levels of organization in the biosphere. BIO.B.4. 1.1. Describe the levels of ecological organization (i.e., organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, and biosphere). BIO.B.4. 1.2. Describe characteristic biotic and abiotic components of aquatic and terrestri ...
... BIO.B.4. 1. Describe ecological levels of organization in the biosphere. BIO.B.4. 1.1. Describe the levels of ecological organization (i.e., organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, and biosphere). BIO.B.4. 1.2. Describe characteristic biotic and abiotic components of aquatic and terrestri ...
a cells- secrete glucagon
... cell ultimately leads to membrane depolarization and an influx of extracellular calcium. The resulting increase in intracellular calcium is thought to be one of the primary triggers for exocytosis of insulin-containing secretory granules. ...
... cell ultimately leads to membrane depolarization and an influx of extracellular calcium. The resulting increase in intracellular calcium is thought to be one of the primary triggers for exocytosis of insulin-containing secretory granules. ...
Brachyury and SMAD signalling collaboratively
... Genomic targets of BRA orthologues have previously been identified in zebrafish (Morley et al., 2009) and Xenopus embryos (Gentsch et al., 2013), and in mouse embryoid bodies (Evans et al., 2012; Lolas et al., 2014) using ChIP-chip or ChIP-seq approaches. Recently, BRA target genes were identified i ...
... Genomic targets of BRA orthologues have previously been identified in zebrafish (Morley et al., 2009) and Xenopus embryos (Gentsch et al., 2013), and in mouse embryoid bodies (Evans et al., 2012; Lolas et al., 2014) using ChIP-chip or ChIP-seq approaches. Recently, BRA target genes were identified i ...
Dopamine transporter: involvement in selective dopaminergic
... and it is believed to control the intensity and duration of DAergic neurotransmission by setting the concentration of DA in the extracellular space. Depending on cellular conditions, DAT is able to transport DA bi-directionally, but at normal membrane potential and Naþ gradient the inward transport ...
... and it is believed to control the intensity and duration of DAergic neurotransmission by setting the concentration of DA in the extracellular space. Depending on cellular conditions, DAT is able to transport DA bi-directionally, but at normal membrane potential and Naþ gradient the inward transport ...
The Panicum mosaic virus-like 3` cap
... In canonical eukaryotic translation initiation, the recognition of mRNA by the translation machinery is facilitated through the binding of the 5’ m7G cap structure to eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E). This recognition is necessary for efficient translation of the message to occur. In contrast ...
... In canonical eukaryotic translation initiation, the recognition of mRNA by the translation machinery is facilitated through the binding of the 5’ m7G cap structure to eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E). This recognition is necessary for efficient translation of the message to occur. In contrast ...
The PDZ-GEF Dizzy regulates cell shape of migrating macrophages
... From worms to humans, cell migration is an essential cellular process: during embryonic development cells migrate to specific locations, where they subsequently differentiate to form tissues and organs. Then later in adult organisms, cell migration is implicated in tissue renewal and immune response ...
... From worms to humans, cell migration is an essential cellular process: during embryonic development cells migrate to specific locations, where they subsequently differentiate to form tissues and organs. Then later in adult organisms, cell migration is implicated in tissue renewal and immune response ...