Exceptional preservation of Miocene pollen: plasmolysis captured in
... (TEM) sections has not been done yet, but it is planned. Cell content during fossilization and diagenesis was exposed to unknown environmental parameters. Thus its structure could have been changed significantly (i.e. coalified). The discussion presented here is based only on morphology and similari ...
... (TEM) sections has not been done yet, but it is planned. Cell content during fossilization and diagenesis was exposed to unknown environmental parameters. Thus its structure could have been changed significantly (i.e. coalified). The discussion presented here is based only on morphology and similari ...
Chromosome silencing mechanisms in X
... Development 138, 5057-5065 (2011) doi:10.1242/dev.065276 © 2011. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd ...
... Development 138, 5057-5065 (2011) doi:10.1242/dev.065276 © 2011. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd ...
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... (G) Average peak velocities of centrosomes following laser severing of microtubules during centration rotation. Posterior cuts (red) and anterior cuts (blue) were performed to evaluate forces acting in both directions. (H-L) Anaphase. (H,I) Position of the anaphase spindle in wild-type (H) and chc-1 ...
... (G) Average peak velocities of centrosomes following laser severing of microtubules during centration rotation. Posterior cuts (red) and anterior cuts (blue) were performed to evaluate forces acting in both directions. (H-L) Anaphase. (H,I) Position of the anaphase spindle in wild-type (H) and chc-1 ...
Analysis of the tendon cell fate - Development
... scleraxis is expressed in the mesenchyme lining the intersomitic boundary from stage 21 through stage 26 (Fig. 3A and data not shown). The expression was analyzed by section in situ hybridization to study the spatial relationship between the domain of scleraxis expression and the related somitic com ...
... scleraxis is expressed in the mesenchyme lining the intersomitic boundary from stage 21 through stage 26 (Fig. 3A and data not shown). The expression was analyzed by section in situ hybridization to study the spatial relationship between the domain of scleraxis expression and the related somitic com ...
LIEDER Prepared Microscope Slides Multimedia
... Please note: The Multimedia-Program ABCD with all its parts is also available in the following languages: German, English, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Italian. Please name the requested language when ordering ...
... Please note: The Multimedia-Program ABCD with all its parts is also available in the following languages: German, English, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Italian. Please name the requested language when ordering ...
USING ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP) AS A SUBSTITUTE APPLICATIONS
... promote healing of cartilage in vivo by manipulation of the chondrocytes that maintain the tissue, or through in vitro production of new cartilage for implantation into cartilage defects. Tissue-engineered cartilage constructs require mechanical stimulation to produce matrix components in quantities ...
... promote healing of cartilage in vivo by manipulation of the chondrocytes that maintain the tissue, or through in vitro production of new cartilage for implantation into cartilage defects. Tissue-engineered cartilage constructs require mechanical stimulation to produce matrix components in quantities ...
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... of constitutive autophagy appears to be a universal feature of nearly all eukaryotic cells. One important function of basal autophagy is to rid the cell of defective or superfluous organelles, and autophagy would appear to be the sole cellular process by which this occurs. Mitochondria accumulate ox ...
... of constitutive autophagy appears to be a universal feature of nearly all eukaryotic cells. One important function of basal autophagy is to rid the cell of defective or superfluous organelles, and autophagy would appear to be the sole cellular process by which this occurs. Mitochondria accumulate ox ...
Fate of the bacterial cell envelope component, lipopolysaccharide
... data that were acquired using this assay showed that a significant portion of LPS was present in a 0.3 m m size fraction in seawater or was liberated from intact bacterial cells in freshwater (Evans et al. 1978, Maeda and Taga 1979). These results are in line with that of a recent study reporting t ...
... data that were acquired using this assay showed that a significant portion of LPS was present in a 0.3 m m size fraction in seawater or was liberated from intact bacterial cells in freshwater (Evans et al. 1978, Maeda and Taga 1979). These results are in line with that of a recent study reporting t ...
Helen D. Kollias and John C. McDermott
... TGF-1 and myostatin signaling in skeletal muscle involve two strikingly similar pathways, which mediate some overlapping and also mutually exclusive effects. TGF-1 plays an important role in skeletal muscle development but also influences different tissues producing a plethora of outcomes. TGF-1 ...
... TGF-1 and myostatin signaling in skeletal muscle involve two strikingly similar pathways, which mediate some overlapping and also mutually exclusive effects. TGF-1 plays an important role in skeletal muscle development but also influences different tissues producing a plethora of outcomes. TGF-1 ...
Xylella fastidiosa Vector Transmission Biology
... plants have been shown to be of major importance. Transmission efficiency increases proportionally with increments in acquisition access period (Purcell and Finlay, 1979). Sharpshooters may have long-lasting individual xylem-sap-ingestion events and visit multiple vessels during the same probe (Alme ...
... plants have been shown to be of major importance. Transmission efficiency increases proportionally with increments in acquisition access period (Purcell and Finlay, 1979). Sharpshooters may have long-lasting individual xylem-sap-ingestion events and visit multiple vessels during the same probe (Alme ...
FGF signaling is essential for the early events in the development of
... saline- and BSA-treated embryos was 4.32+0.12 and 4.26+0.1 mm, respectively (Fig. 1B). The mean body axis length of FGF-treated embryos was 3.93+0.1 mm (Fig. 1B). Thus chick embryos treated with FGF at HH stage 4 for 22 h suffered a significant reduction in the length of the body axis indicating inh ...
... saline- and BSA-treated embryos was 4.32+0.12 and 4.26+0.1 mm, respectively (Fig. 1B). The mean body axis length of FGF-treated embryos was 3.93+0.1 mm (Fig. 1B). Thus chick embryos treated with FGF at HH stage 4 for 22 h suffered a significant reduction in the length of the body axis indicating inh ...
Achilles` heel of Grapevine Downy Mildew
... resistant and get already infected within one season. These limitations show that new strategies are required for the control of Downy Mildew. P. viticola has a vulnerable side at his motile life cycle stage, the zoospores. Merely surrounded by one membrane, they swim on the surface of grapevines fo ...
... resistant and get already infected within one season. These limitations show that new strategies are required for the control of Downy Mildew. P. viticola has a vulnerable side at his motile life cycle stage, the zoospores. Merely surrounded by one membrane, they swim on the surface of grapevines fo ...
Transforming growth factor-β and myostatin signaling in skeletal
... TGF-1 and myostatin signaling in skeletal muscle involve two strikingly similar pathways, which mediate some overlapping and also mutually exclusive effects. TGF-1 plays an important role in skeletal muscle development but also influences different tissues producing a plethora of outcomes. TGF-1 ...
... TGF-1 and myostatin signaling in skeletal muscle involve two strikingly similar pathways, which mediate some overlapping and also mutually exclusive effects. TGF-1 plays an important role in skeletal muscle development but also influences different tissues producing a plethora of outcomes. TGF-1 ...
Lymph heart in chick – somitic origin, development and embryonic
... an additional layer composed of smooth myofibroblasts. Chick-quail fate-mapping demonstrates that the lymph heart originates from the hypaxial compartments of somites 34-41. The embryonic lymph heart is transiently innervated by somatic motoneurons with no autonomic input. In comparison to body musc ...
... an additional layer composed of smooth myofibroblasts. Chick-quail fate-mapping demonstrates that the lymph heart originates from the hypaxial compartments of somites 34-41. The embryonic lymph heart is transiently innervated by somatic motoneurons with no autonomic input. In comparison to body musc ...
The Aspergillus fumigatus cspA Gene Encoding a Repeat
... deletion of cspA is associated with rapid conidial germination and reduced adhesion of dormant conidia. Here we show that cspA can be extracted with hydrofluoric acid (HF) from the cell wall, suggesting that it is a GPI-anchored CWP. The cspA-encoded CWP is unmasked during conidial germination and i ...
... deletion of cspA is associated with rapid conidial germination and reduced adhesion of dormant conidia. Here we show that cspA can be extracted with hydrofluoric acid (HF) from the cell wall, suggesting that it is a GPI-anchored CWP. The cspA-encoded CWP is unmasked during conidial germination and i ...
Auxin Polar Transport 1s Essential for the
... appeared like a collar around the apical meristem, resulting in an embryo with a cylindrical structure above the apical meristem, as shown in Figures 3D and 3E. The fused cotyledon initiated at the late-globular stage, which was 2 days after the globular-stage embryos were placed in culture with the ...
... appeared like a collar around the apical meristem, resulting in an embryo with a cylindrical structure above the apical meristem, as shown in Figures 3D and 3E. The fused cotyledon initiated at the late-globular stage, which was 2 days after the globular-stage embryos were placed in culture with the ...
Regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 expression in human
... unclear, especially when these cells are exposed to mechanical stress. Kimura et al (11) reported that PKC␣ can be detected in cultured bovine articular chondrocytes, that PG synthesis is stimulated in a concentrationdependent manner by a PKC activator and inhibited by a PKC inhibitor, and that PKC␣ ...
... unclear, especially when these cells are exposed to mechanical stress. Kimura et al (11) reported that PKC␣ can be detected in cultured bovine articular chondrocytes, that PG synthesis is stimulated in a concentrationdependent manner by a PKC activator and inhibited by a PKC inhibitor, and that PKC␣ ...
Increasing Fgf4 expression in the mouse limb bud
... During normal limb development, Fgf4 is expressed only after the AER has fully formed, and therefore Fgf4 RNA is not detected until the 29- to 30-somite stage (ss) (~E10.0) in forelimb (FL) and 33-34 ss (~E10.25) in hindlimb (HL) buds (Sun et al., 2000) (Fig. 1D,F,H,J). At these stages and later, Fg ...
... During normal limb development, Fgf4 is expressed only after the AER has fully formed, and therefore Fgf4 RNA is not detected until the 29- to 30-somite stage (ss) (~E10.0) in forelimb (FL) and 33-34 ss (~E10.25) in hindlimb (HL) buds (Sun et al., 2000) (Fig. 1D,F,H,J). At these stages and later, Fg ...
TGF-β/BMP superfamily members, Gbb-60A and Dpp
... Drosophila BMP members, are both required for proper wing morphogenesis and that they cooperate to direct normal development. Three BMPs have been identified in Drosophila: Dpp, 60A and Scw (Padgett et al., 1987; Wharton et al., 1991; Doctor et al., 1992; Arora et al., 1994). Dpp and 60A each define ...
... Drosophila BMP members, are both required for proper wing morphogenesis and that they cooperate to direct normal development. Three BMPs have been identified in Drosophila: Dpp, 60A and Scw (Padgett et al., 1987; Wharton et al., 1991; Doctor et al., 1992; Arora et al., 1994). Dpp and 60A each define ...
Effectiveness of Environmental Surrogates for
... of a planning process (Austin & Margules 1986; Reyers et al. 2000). Surrogacy is a relationship between an “indicator” parameter and an “objective” parameter (sometimes called a “target” parameter, what we ultimately hope to conserve). An indicator parameter represents or replaces the objective para ...
... of a planning process (Austin & Margules 1986; Reyers et al. 2000). Surrogacy is a relationship between an “indicator” parameter and an “objective” parameter (sometimes called a “target” parameter, what we ultimately hope to conserve). An indicator parameter represents or replaces the objective para ...
First report on Noctiluca scintillans blooms in the Red Sea off the
... input of anthropogenic pollution into seawaters. It could have been the result, however, of the advection of Noctiluca blooms by prevailing winds and currents to other regions not sampled during the present study. These advective processes are often strong enough to transport organisms over large di ...
... input of anthropogenic pollution into seawaters. It could have been the result, however, of the advection of Noctiluca blooms by prevailing winds and currents to other regions not sampled during the present study. These advective processes are often strong enough to transport organisms over large di ...
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... types (Moustakas and Heldin, 2009), and that TGFβ signaling molecules and activities are not affected in K14Cre;pNog tooth (supplementary material Fig. S1), prompted us to test whether TGFβ signaling is responsible for Smad1/5/8 activation in the dental epithelium. We cultured E12.5 tooth germs in t ...
... types (Moustakas and Heldin, 2009), and that TGFβ signaling molecules and activities are not affected in K14Cre;pNog tooth (supplementary material Fig. S1), prompted us to test whether TGFβ signaling is responsible for Smad1/5/8 activation in the dental epithelium. We cultured E12.5 tooth germs in t ...