Molecules and Ions
... Molecules and their Chemical Formulas There are two ways of describing the components (i.e. the number and type of atoms) found inside any molecule: Molecular Formula: the actual number and type of atoms in a compound, e.g. hydrogen peroxide = H2O2 Empirical Formula: the lowest whole number ratio of ...
... Molecules and their Chemical Formulas There are two ways of describing the components (i.e. the number and type of atoms) found inside any molecule: Molecular Formula: the actual number and type of atoms in a compound, e.g. hydrogen peroxide = H2O2 Empirical Formula: the lowest whole number ratio of ...
Ionic bonding
... Why isn’t lattice energy equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to the energy (enthalpy) of formation (ΔHf)? Because here the products are in a gas state, a higher energy state. • The sodium used to form salt, the reactant, was a solid. • Remember, it takes energy to break bonds There’s another way ...
... Why isn’t lattice energy equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to the energy (enthalpy) of formation (ΔHf)? Because here the products are in a gas state, a higher energy state. • The sodium used to form salt, the reactant, was a solid. • Remember, it takes energy to break bonds There’s another way ...
Course Pack3 Phase Diagrams
... The complicating issue is the heat of mixing-- ∆H can be either endo or exothermic and is quite varied ∆Hsoln is (+) for NaCl in H2O ∆Hsoln is (–) for Na2SO4 in H2O ∆Hsoln is (–) for O2 in H2O Consider the case that ∆Hmix is negative: since ∆Smix is positive then ∆Gsoln will have to be negative and ...
... The complicating issue is the heat of mixing-- ∆H can be either endo or exothermic and is quite varied ∆Hsoln is (+) for NaCl in H2O ∆Hsoln is (–) for Na2SO4 in H2O ∆Hsoln is (–) for O2 in H2O Consider the case that ∆Hmix is negative: since ∆Smix is positive then ∆Gsoln will have to be negative and ...
Chemical Bonding Review
... The electronegativity difference between two bonded atoms is used to assess the degree of polarity in the bond. • Little or no difference: non-polar bond; large difference: polar bond. ...
... The electronegativity difference between two bonded atoms is used to assess the degree of polarity in the bond. • Little or no difference: non-polar bond; large difference: polar bond. ...
SC-Database
... published metal-complex stability constants. • Contains all data from the book volumes published by Royal Society of Chemistry and IUPAC, 19571974. • Data from all significant journals, ...
... published metal-complex stability constants. • Contains all data from the book volumes published by Royal Society of Chemistry and IUPAC, 19571974. • Data from all significant journals, ...
Unit_Chemistry_2_Ionic_Substances_and_Electrolysis
... important reagents for the chemical industry. Copper can be purified by electrolysis using a positive electrode made of the impure copper and a negative electrode of pure copper in a solution containing copper ions. ...
... important reagents for the chemical industry. Copper can be purified by electrolysis using a positive electrode made of the impure copper and a negative electrode of pure copper in a solution containing copper ions. ...
6.2 Solution Varieties
... c. Hydration Shell – the surrounding of ions by water molecules using Hydrogen Bonds in between them. d. Hydrates - dried Ionic crystals that contain water. α. These are written chemically like the following: CuSO4* 5 H2O – called Copper (II) Sulfate Penta-hydrate. E. Liquid into a solid (not common ...
... c. Hydration Shell – the surrounding of ions by water molecules using Hydrogen Bonds in between them. d. Hydrates - dried Ionic crystals that contain water. α. These are written chemically like the following: CuSO4* 5 H2O – called Copper (II) Sulfate Penta-hydrate. E. Liquid into a solid (not common ...
Vapor Pressure of a Pure Liquid
... and enter the gas phase until the pressure of the vapor in the bulb reaches a definite value which is determined by the nature of the liquid and its temperature. This is called the vapor pressure of the liquid. In this experiment, the variation of vapor pressure with temperature will be measured and ...
... and enter the gas phase until the pressure of the vapor in the bulb reaches a definite value which is determined by the nature of the liquid and its temperature. This is called the vapor pressure of the liquid. In this experiment, the variation of vapor pressure with temperature will be measured and ...
SC-Database - u
... • Ionic strength corrections using Specific Interaction Theory have been added. ...
... • Ionic strength corrections using Specific Interaction Theory have been added. ...
syllabus for screening test (mcq type)
... Definition and classification, Metal-Carbon bonded complexes of transition metals – their preparation, properties and stability. Application of 18 electron rule to carbonyl, nitrosyl and cyanides of transition metals. ...
... Definition and classification, Metal-Carbon bonded complexes of transition metals – their preparation, properties and stability. Application of 18 electron rule to carbonyl, nitrosyl and cyanides of transition metals. ...
AP Chemistry Stoichiometry Review UNIT 1
... Write the formulas of your six strong acids and your six strong bases. Name these compounds. Write the formulas of 4 acidic ionic compounds (salts). Name these compounds. Write the formulas of 4 basic ionic compounds. Name these compounds. Write the formulas of 4 neutral ionic compounds. Name these ...
... Write the formulas of your six strong acids and your six strong bases. Name these compounds. Write the formulas of 4 acidic ionic compounds (salts). Name these compounds. Write the formulas of 4 basic ionic compounds. Name these compounds. Write the formulas of 4 neutral ionic compounds. Name these ...
Naming Ionic Compounds 16 Naming Ionic Compounds
... 2. Consider the ions of potassium (K) and sulfur (S). Write chemical formulas for all possible ionic compounds involving these ions, using the simplest ratio(s) of potassium (K) and sulfur (S). Keep in mind that the sum of the charges in an ionic compound must equal zero. 3. Consider the ions ...
... 2. Consider the ions of potassium (K) and sulfur (S). Write chemical formulas for all possible ionic compounds involving these ions, using the simplest ratio(s) of potassium (K) and sulfur (S). Keep in mind that the sum of the charges in an ionic compound must equal zero. 3. Consider the ions ...
Topic 3 Structure of Metals and Ionic Compounds Bonding and
... • This Idea was developed by Arrhenius by looking at the conductivity of solutions prepared by dissolving “ionic compounds” in water (not believed at first, but got the 1903 Nobel prize) ...
... • This Idea was developed by Arrhenius by looking at the conductivity of solutions prepared by dissolving “ionic compounds” in water (not believed at first, but got the 1903 Nobel prize) ...
2.5 THE NAMES AND FORMULAS OF COMPOUNDS
... (c) Hydrogen cyanide is a polar covalent molecule that ionizes in water to form H+, and CN. The ionic nature of the compound could be verified by dissolving the substance in water and testing for electrical conductivity. The covalent nature of the compound could be verified by calculating the elect ...
... (c) Hydrogen cyanide is a polar covalent molecule that ionizes in water to form H+, and CN. The ionic nature of the compound could be verified by dissolving the substance in water and testing for electrical conductivity. The covalent nature of the compound could be verified by calculating the elect ...
FREEZING – is the change of a liquid to a solid. Freezing occurs
... Volume UP… Temperature UP Volume DOWN… Temperature DOWN ...
... Volume UP… Temperature UP Volume DOWN… Temperature DOWN ...
Lab Equipment notes powerpoint
... Burner or “Bunsen burner” has a flame for heating substances Striker has flint in it, for starting the flame Orange rubber tubing carries gas from the gas jets to the burner ...
... Burner or “Bunsen burner” has a flame for heating substances Striker has flint in it, for starting the flame Orange rubber tubing carries gas from the gas jets to the burner ...
Types of Bonding Summary
... valence electrons from many atoms (Electron Sea Model). Leads to crystalline solids Metal ions not held in place as ridigly as in an ionic solid. ...
... valence electrons from many atoms (Electron Sea Model). Leads to crystalline solids Metal ions not held in place as ridigly as in an ionic solid. ...
![Neutral ionic liquid [BMIm]BF4 promoted highly selective](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017897985_1-047f9869d5604c115b21339541ccfffe-300x300.png)
Neutral ionic liquid [BMIm]BF4 promoted highly selective
... after the reaction, and the ionic liquid probably reacted with the produced acetic acid. Our previous investigations on the conversion of tert-butanol revealed that the reactivity of tert-butanol could be greatly improved by the use of tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids as media [26,27]. Therefore, we ...
... after the reaction, and the ionic liquid probably reacted with the produced acetic acid. Our previous investigations on the conversion of tert-butanol revealed that the reactivity of tert-butanol could be greatly improved by the use of tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids as media [26,27]. Therefore, we ...
Document
... Electrolytes/Non-electrolytes Acids, bases and ionization Some reaction types: precipitation, metathesis, neutralization Ionic Equations ...
... Electrolytes/Non-electrolytes Acids, bases and ionization Some reaction types: precipitation, metathesis, neutralization Ionic Equations ...
The Chemical Earth (8.2.3)
... • All matter is composed of particles. These particles are called atoms. – Solids – Particles in a solid are packed tightly together and locked firmly into position. They can vibrate in position but cannot move. – Liquids – Particles in liquids are packed tightly together, but they can slide over ea ...
... • All matter is composed of particles. These particles are called atoms. – Solids – Particles in a solid are packed tightly together and locked firmly into position. They can vibrate in position but cannot move. – Liquids – Particles in liquids are packed tightly together, but they can slide over ea ...
KEY_Reaction Types WS
... hydroxide to form a salt plus water. Alternatively, the acid may react with ammonia (NH3) to form an ammonium salt (but no water). These are proton transfer reactions in which H+ (the proton) is transferred from the acid to the base. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions: These are reactions in which one ty ...
... hydroxide to form a salt plus water. Alternatively, the acid may react with ammonia (NH3) to form an ammonium salt (but no water). These are proton transfer reactions in which H+ (the proton) is transferred from the acid to the base. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions: These are reactions in which one ty ...
Ionic liquid
An ionic liquid (IL) is a salt in the liquid state. In some contexts, the term has been restricted to salts whose melting point is below some arbitrary temperature, such as 100 °C (212 °F). While ordinary liquids such as water and gasoline are predominantly made of electrically neutral molecules, ionic liquids are largely made of ions and short-lived ion pairs. These substances are variously called liquid electrolytes, ionic melts, ionic fluids, fused salts, liquid salts, or ionic glasses. Ionic liquids have many applications, such as powerful solvents and electrically conducting fluids (electrolytes). Salts that are liquid at near-ambient temperature are important for electric battery applications, and have been used as sealants due to their very low vapor pressure.Any salt that melts without decomposing or vaporizing usually yields an ionic liquid. Sodium chloride (NaCl), for example, melts at 801 °C (1,474 °F) into a liquid that consists largely of sodium cations (Na+) and chloride anions (Cl−). Conversely, when an ionic liquid is cooled, it often forms an ionic solid—which may be either crystalline or glassy.The ionic bond is usually stronger than the Van der Waals forces between the molecules of ordinary liquids. For that reason, common salts tend to melt at higher temperatures than other solid molecules. Some salts are liquid at or below room temperature. Examples include compounds based on the 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMIM) cation and include: EMIM:Cl, EMIM dicyanamide, (C2H5)(CH3)C3H3N+2·N(CN)−2, that melts at −21 °C (−6 °F); and 1-butyl-3,5-dimethylpyridinium bromide which becomes a glass below −24 °C (−11 °F).Low-temperature ionic liquids can be compared to ionic solutions, liquids that contain both ions and neutral molecules, and in particular to the so-called deep eutectic solvents, mixtures of ionic and non-ionic solid substances which have much lower melting points than the pure compounds. Certain mixtures of nitrate salts can have melting points below 100 °C.The term ""ionic liquid"" in the general sense was used as early as 1943.