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do some work or to transfer some heat
do some work or to transfer some heat

... When heat is released in an exothermic reaction, the energy is transferred to the environment: some bodies around are heated, though the intrinsic energy of reacting system is going down. However, the overall amount of energy in the world does not change. What is released by the system, is absorbed ...
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Spontaneity, Entropy, and Gibbs Free Energy

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Chemical thermodynamics



Chemical thermodynamics is the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics. Chemical thermodynamics involves not only laboratory measurements of various thermodynamic properties, but also the application of mathematical methods to the study of chemical questions and the spontaneity of processes.The structure of chemical thermodynamics is based on the first two laws of thermodynamics. Starting from the first and second laws of thermodynamics, four equations called the ""fundamental equations of Gibbs"" can be derived. From these four, a multitude of equations, relating the thermodynamic properties of the thermodynamic system can be derived using relatively simple mathematics. This outlines the mathematical framework of chemical thermodynamics.
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