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+ H 2 (g)
+ H 2 (g)

Unit 12 Worksheet Answers
Unit 12 Worksheet Answers

... 3. What is the difference between a nonelectrolyte, a strong electrolyte and a weak electrolyte? Nonelectrolyte does not conduct electricity (no ions) Weak electrolyte conducts electricity a little (little ions) Strong electrolyte conducts electricity well (a lot of ions) 4. What is the difference b ...
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Questions and Solutions

... temperature ...
Unit 5 Test Review
Unit 5 Test Review

15anespp
15anespp

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C6_rev - boswellsrcd

... working out the quantities of reactants to use carrying out the reaction in suitable apparatus in the right conditions (such as temperature, concentration or the presence of a catalyst) • separating the product from the reaction mixture • purifying the product • measuring the yield and checking the ...
Minerals and Their Physical Properties
Minerals and Their Physical Properties

... Freezing/Melting point = 0°C Seawater (a mixture): Freezing/Melting point = -2°C ...
23.32 KB - KFUPM Resources v3
23.32 KB - KFUPM Resources v3

... A) The hydrogen atom has only one orbital. B) The size of the hydrogen 1s orbital is defined as the surface that contains 90% of the total electron probability. C) The square of the wave function represents the probability distribution of the elctron in the orbital. D) In the quantum mechanical mode ...
Chemistry - Higher tier - Paper 4 - Sample assessment material
Chemistry - Higher tier - Paper 4 - Sample assessment material

... • Use black ink. You may use an HB pencil for graphs and diagrams. • Complete the boxes above with your name, centre number and candidate number. • Answer all the questions. • Write your answer to each question in the space provided. • Additional paper may be used if required but you must clearly sh ...
Lecture 11 - U of L Class Index
Lecture 11 - U of L Class Index

... In the laboratory you get to test the relative reactivity of some of the alkali metals with water. In fact, lithium is the least reactive, despite the fact that it has the largest (in magnitude) reduction potential. The reason for this must be found in kinetic rather than thermodynamic behavior. Li ...
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Combined

... 1. (a) Sodium hydroxide solution reacts with carbon dioxide gas [1] in air to form sodium carbonate: 2NaOH(aq) + CO2(g)  Na2CO3(aq) + H2O(l) [1] The sodium carbonate formed reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid [1] to give colourless bubbles of carbon dioxide gas: Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq)  2NaCl(aq) + ...
pdfInt 2 Homework Unit 2 1 MB
pdfInt 2 Homework Unit 2 1 MB

... Scientists have been experimenting to find ways of reducing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. One of these ways involves placing concrete balls on the sea bed. They hope that green plants called algae will grow on the balls and this will help to reduce the carbon dioxide level. Give a reason why the ...
Lecture 9
Lecture 9

... Oxidation number is a property of a single atom. We cannot define the oxidation number for a molecule or a polyatomic ion. The sum of oxidation numbers of the atoms in a polyatomic ion or molecule can be calculated. This is not the oxidation number of the molecule or ion. Polyatomic ions have an ov ...
Electrochemistry Lecture
Electrochemistry Lecture

... Oxidizing agent; That which is responsible to oxidize another. O2 ; Oxidizing agent; The agent itself undergoes reduction ...
Equilibrium
Equilibrium

... b. If raising the temperature of the reaction results in an equilibrium with a higher concentration of C than A, how will the value of Keq change? 12. The following reaction occurs when steam is passed over hot carbon. The mixture of gases it generates is called water gas and is useful as an indust ...
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No Slide Title

... from the system to the surrounding or from the surrounding to the system. System – the portion of the universe selected for thermodynamic study Surroundings – the portion of the universe with which a system interacts The transfer of heat could be due to a physical change or a chemical change. There ...
Chap. 6 - Thermodynamics
Chap. 6 - Thermodynamics

... from the system to the surrounding or from the surrounding to the system. System – the portion of the universe selected for thermodynamic study Surroundings – the portion of the universe with which a system interacts The transfer of heat could be due to a physical change or a chemical change. There ...
Chemical Reactions - We can`t sign you in
Chemical Reactions - We can`t sign you in

... atoms accept these electrons and form negative ions. For example, when magnesium burns to form magnesium oxide, each magnesium atom loses 2 electrons and becomes a magnesium ion with a +2 charge. ...
Chemical Equations
Chemical Equations

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Chemical Reaction

... Metals are usually solid, shiny and strong. They are also good conductors of heat and electricity. Metals can be changed into new substances when they are involved in a chemical reaction. Some metals can react with acids. This type of chemical reaction is called corrosion. ...
Thermodynamics
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... The (standard) enthalpy change of formation of a compound is the enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements with both the elements and the compound in their standard states. An enthalpy change may be thought of as a change in internal energy or heat energy for our purpos ...
Single Replacement Reactions - Tri
Single Replacement Reactions - Tri

... • People who lived in 19th century cities were often poisoned by exposure to carbon monoxide from illuminating gas, which was a flammable mixture of gas suitable for lighting purposes that is made from coal and contained extremely high levels of CO. ...
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base hydrolysis of cobalt(iii)
base hydrolysis of cobalt(iii)

... However, a mixture of [Coen 2 NO 2 Cl], NO 2 - , and OH readily afford [Coen 2 (NO 2 ) 2 ]+ which must occur without the intermediate formation of [Coen 2 NO 2 OH]+ required, were this to involve an S N 2 pathway. The role of the OH - here is in keeping with an S N 1CB mechanism. Although these expe ...
PowerPoint Lectures - Northwest ISD Moodle
PowerPoint Lectures - Northwest ISD Moodle

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Bioorthogonal chemistry



The term bioorthogonal chemistry refers to any chemical reaction that can occur inside of living systems without interfering with native biochemical processes. The term was coined by Carolyn R. Bertozzi in 2003. Since its introduction, the concept of the bioorthogonal reaction has enabled the study of biomolecules such as glycans, proteins, and lipids in real time in living systems without cellular toxicity. A number of chemical ligation strategies have been developed that fulfill the requirements of bioorthogonality, including the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between azides and cyclooctynes (also termed copper-free click chemistry), between nitrones and cyclooctynes, oxime/hydrazone formation from aldehydes and ketones, the tetrazine ligation, the isocyanide-based click reaction, and most recently, the quadricyclane ligation.The use of bioorthogonal chemistry typically proceeds in two steps. First, a cellular substrate is modified with a bioorthogonal functional group (chemical reporter) and introduced to the cell; substrates include metabolites, enzyme inhibitors, etc. The chemical reporter must not alter the structure of the substrate dramatically to avoid affecting its bioactivity. Secondly, a probe containing the complementary functional group is introduced to react and label the substrate.Although effective bioorthogonal reactions such as copper-free click chemistry have been developed, development of new reactions continues to generate orthogonal methods for labeling to allow multiple methods of labeling to be used in the same biosystems.
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