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Sensors
Sensors

... that’s flashing on and off 38,500 times per second. ...
MS Word
MS Word

CIRCUIT IDEAS FOR DESIGNERS Zero
CIRCUIT IDEAS FOR DESIGNERS Zero

... an illustration, a sensor with outputs ranging from 0.1V to 0.5V is used. 0.1V may represent a “0”, or OFFstate, while 0.5V may represent a “1”, or ON-state. A MOSFET device with a precision threshold voltage of 0.4V +/-0.02V can be used. This MOSFET has a threshold voltage sufficiently accurate tha ...
FILTERING In power supplies, capacitors are used to smooth (filter
FILTERING In power supplies, capacitors are used to smooth (filter

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What hap- pens inside a micro- phone once a sensor detects a

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Physics 536 - Assignment #6 - Due March 19
Physics 536 - Assignment #6 - Due March 19

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... darlington pairs with common emitters. Each channel rated at 500mA and can withstand peak currents of 600mA. Suppression diodes are included for inductive load driving and the inputs are pinned opposite the outputs to simplify board layout. The four versions interface to all common logic families ...
universitetet i oslo
universitetet i oslo

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... The Wheatstone Bridge is a commonly used circuit for making electrical measurements. When will the current through the ammeter be equal to zero? This will happen if we choose the resistor to be just right! If we assume no current flow through the ammeter then: ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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