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Slide 1 - UCF EECS
Slide 1 - UCF EECS

... Hall effect ring has four symmetrically placed sensors attaches to motor shaft to measure motor rotational speeds. The RPM will be displayed on the touch screen to allow driver to know when to shift gears because electric vehicles don’t have engine noise to know when to shift. Current used to measur ...
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... The LT1783 op amp circuit takes the output voltage from the current sense amplifier and adjusts the SET pin current, thereby making the delay time a function of the load current (see Figure 2). As shown, the current sense comparator trip threshold is 500mA. A current of 500mA creates a falling edge ...
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... Instead of determining the resistance from a current/voltage measurement, it can also be directly measured using an analogous ohmmeter (pointer instrument). In the simplest case such an ohmmeter consists of a voltage source (battery), to which the resistance R is connected, a variable internal resis ...
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... Resistance is NOT Futile! Electrons are not “completely free to move” in a conductor. They move erratically, colliding with the nuclei all the time: this is what we call “resistance”. The mechanical analog is FRICTION. The resistance is related to the potential we need to apply to a device to drive ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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