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Lab Manual of Basic Electrical Engineering LAB
Lab Manual of Basic Electrical Engineering LAB

POWER MOSFET THRU-HOLE (MO
POWER MOSFET THRU-HOLE (MO

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Series and Parallel Circuits
Series and Parallel Circuits

... Doing the calculation gives 1/6 + 1/12 + 1/18 = 6/18. Flipping this upside down gives 18/6 = 3 ohms, which is certainly between 2 and 6. ...
Harnessing wasted energy in 4- to 20-mA current
Harnessing wasted energy in 4- to 20-mA current

... off if its input drops down to 4 V. Once enabled, the device efficiently converts the harnessed energy to its 3.3-V output. For an example power-supply solution, 4 V was chosen as the turn-off voltage in order to provide the required headroom of input voltage to output voltage, allowing the device t ...
Buck Converter Design
Buck Converter Design

Downloaded - Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell`Informazione
Downloaded - Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell`Informazione

Adaptive switching frequency buck DC–DC converter with high
Adaptive switching frequency buck DC–DC converter with high

... In order to design high efficiency DC–DC integrated circuits, numerous methods are introduced. Firstly, a well-known strategy of the sleeping mode by shutting down the unused partial circuitŒ2 is used to reduce the power consumption; it can only enhance efficiency in standby mode but no power can b ...
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BDTIC ICB2FL01G Highly integrated Smart Ballast Controller for Fluorescent Lamps
BDTIC ICB2FL01G Highly integrated Smart Ballast Controller for Fluorescent Lamps

... Infineon. The product integrates all of the lamp start, run and protection features required by current and future Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts. Digital Mixed Signal Power Control is employed enabling speedy, cost effective ballast designs with the minimum of external components. Reliable and robust hi ...
Quadruple Differential Line Driver (Rev. G)
Quadruple Differential Line Driver (Rev. G)

EE 4429 Practice 3
EE 4429 Practice 3

... to input noise. If the input signal Vin shows noise near VT, then the output signal Vout will show some corresponding chattering (i.e. bouncing between low and high), for the simple comparator in (a). The Schmitt Trigger, as in (b), shows more robustness. ...
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Where Does Current Come From?

... • A 10 V source uses 2 Joules of energy per second. Calculate the current being used by the source. • Hint, turn the word problem into equations; write down what you know. ...
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FSFR-HS Series — Advanced Fairchild Power Switch (FPS™) for Half-Bridge Resonant Converters

... This pin is used for controlling the switching frequency in normal operation. When any protections are triggered, the internal Auto/Restart (A/R) circuit starts to sense the voltage on the pin, which is discharged naturally by external resistance. The IC can be operated with A/R when the voltage dec ...
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... Common-Mode Input Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ± VS Differential Input Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ± 4 V Storage Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +125°C Operating Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . –40°C to ...
Circuit Components Lesson 4
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... to limit current, the same function provided by any fuse or positive temperature coefficient device (PTC). An eFuse, however, provides this function with much more versatility than either of these devices. An eFuse, unlike a standard fuse, need not be replaced after it functions and eFuses also resp ...
general product information
general product information

... All DC operated catalog numbers include a 24VDC coil. To select other coil voltages, substitute the code from the Coil Voltage Selection Chart for the two digits after the last dash in the catalog number. Ex.: A 48V coil is required for an AL30 contactor: AL30-30-10-83 ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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