Set No: 1
... arm bc is a non-reactive resistor R3 in parallel with a standard capacitor C3; arm CD is a non-reactive resistor R4 in parallel with a standard capacitor C4; arm da is a standard air capacitor of capacitance C2.Without the specimen between the electrodes, balance is obtained with the following value ...
... arm bc is a non-reactive resistor R3 in parallel with a standard capacitor C3; arm CD is a non-reactive resistor R4 in parallel with a standard capacitor C4; arm da is a standard air capacitor of capacitance C2.Without the specimen between the electrodes, balance is obtained with the following value ...
Chapter -13
... How is it possible for a sinusoidal ac quantity to deliver a net power if, over a full cycle the net current in any one direction is zero (average value = 0). Irrespective of direction, current of any magnitude through a resistor will deliver power to that resistor – during the positive and nega ...
... How is it possible for a sinusoidal ac quantity to deliver a net power if, over a full cycle the net current in any one direction is zero (average value = 0). Irrespective of direction, current of any magnitude through a resistor will deliver power to that resistor – during the positive and nega ...
Temperature sensors and voltage references implemented in CMOS
... The stress-induced change in the bipolar transistors is called piezo-junction effect. The piezojunction effect is anisotropic and its magnitude depends on: a) the amount and orientation of the stress, b) the current direction through the base, c) the minority carrier type in the base, and d) tempera ...
... The stress-induced change in the bipolar transistors is called piezo-junction effect. The piezojunction effect is anisotropic and its magnitude depends on: a) the amount and orientation of the stress, b) the current direction through the base, c) the minority carrier type in the base, and d) tempera ...
3-phase short-circuit current (Isc) at any point within a LV installation
... Busbars: The resistance of busbars is generally negligible, so that the impedance is practically all reactive, and amounts to approximately 0.15 mΩ/metre(1) increases the reactance by about 10% only). ...
... Busbars: The resistance of busbars is generally negligible, so that the impedance is practically all reactive, and amounts to approximately 0.15 mΩ/metre(1) increases the reactance by about 10% only). ...
1 to 8 Channel Precision Power Meter LMG500
... emitted by the appliance and their effects onto mains: • harmonics for currents up to 16A in compliance with EN61000-3-2 • harmonics for currents from 16A to 75A in compliance with EN61000-3-12 • flicker (voltage fluctuation) for currents up to 16A in compliance with EN61000-3-3 • flicker (voltage ...
... emitted by the appliance and their effects onto mains: • harmonics for currents up to 16A in compliance with EN61000-3-2 • harmonics for currents from 16A to 75A in compliance with EN61000-3-12 • flicker (voltage fluctuation) for currents up to 16A in compliance with EN61000-3-3 • flicker (voltage ...
Tutorial 1
... 4. An average value of a set of voltage measurement is 30.15V. Calculate the precision of the measurement if one of the measurement readings is 29.9V. 5. A voltmeter has an accuracy of 98% in full-scale measurement readings. a. If the voltmeter gives measurement reading of 175V at range of 300V, cal ...
... 4. An average value of a set of voltage measurement is 30.15V. Calculate the precision of the measurement if one of the measurement readings is 29.9V. 5. A voltmeter has an accuracy of 98% in full-scale measurement readings. a. If the voltmeter gives measurement reading of 175V at range of 300V, cal ...
(EIS): Part 1 – Basic Principles
... e or another signal of interest1). In the following figure, a non-linear i-V V curve for a theoretical electrochemical system is shown in Figure 1. ...
... e or another signal of interest1). In the following figure, a non-linear i-V V curve for a theoretical electrochemical system is shown in Figure 1. ...
AN495
... only by an external capacitance between +Vs (pin7) and Ground (pin4) to limit voltage spikes at the device’s rated values. Immunity problems in the circuit are essentially related to the +5 V Vreg filtering, because the noise on this voltage can induce errors in the low-voltage circuits. The best so ...
... only by an external capacitance between +Vs (pin7) and Ground (pin4) to limit voltage spikes at the device’s rated values. Immunity problems in the circuit are essentially related to the +5 V Vreg filtering, because the noise on this voltage can induce errors in the low-voltage circuits. The best so ...
HL65051DG - World Star Tech
... 4.Design your application so that the products is used within the ranges guaranteed by UOS. particularly for maximum rating, operating supply voltage range, heat radiation characteristics, installation conditions and other characteristics. UOS. bears no responsibility for failure or damage when used ...
... 4.Design your application so that the products is used within the ranges guaranteed by UOS. particularly for maximum rating, operating supply voltage range, heat radiation characteristics, installation conditions and other characteristics. UOS. bears no responsibility for failure or damage when used ...
realization of ternary-logic based shift up, shift down using mosfet
... Volume 4, Issue 4, July-August, 2013, pp. 240-247 © IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijecet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2013): 5.8896 (Calculated by GISI) ...
... Volume 4, Issue 4, July-August, 2013, pp. 240-247 © IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijecet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2013): 5.8896 (Calculated by GISI) ...
Sensors and amplifiers Chapter 13 13.1 Basic properties of sensors
... have a non-zero source resistance (or Output Resistance). In a similar way we can expect all real amplifiers and signal sources to exhibit a non-zero capacitance. This is called the Source Capacitance for a source/sensor and the Input Capacitance for an amplifier. From figure 13.1 we can see that th ...
... have a non-zero source resistance (or Output Resistance). In a similar way we can expect all real amplifiers and signal sources to exhibit a non-zero capacitance. This is called the Source Capacitance for a source/sensor and the Input Capacitance for an amplifier. From figure 13.1 we can see that th ...
One-Chip Solution in 0.35 µm Standard CMOS for Electronic
... which technology should be used. The most popular approach is choosing a high voltage compatible BCD technology that makes it easy to design interfaces to the power electronics environment. A disadvantage is the low digital integration capability of these processes that make high integrated systems ...
... which technology should be used. The most popular approach is choosing a high voltage compatible BCD technology that makes it easy to design interfaces to the power electronics environment. A disadvantage is the low digital integration capability of these processes that make high integrated systems ...
Resistive opto-isolator
Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.