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MAX4450/MAX4451 Ultra-Small, Low-Cost, 210MHz, Single-Supply Op Amps with Rail-to-Rail Outputs General Description
MAX4450/MAX4451 Ultra-Small, Low-Cost, 210MHz, Single-Supply Op Amps with Rail-to-Rail Outputs General Description

... The MAX4450/MAX4451 are optimized for AC performance. They are not designed to drive highly reactive loads, which decrease phase margin and may produce excessive ringing and oscillation. Figure 2 shows a circuit that eliminates this problem. Figure 3 is a graph of the optimal isolation resistor (RS) ...
Design of Operational Amplifier in 45nm Technology
Design of Operational Amplifier in 45nm Technology

... It is defined as the range of frequencies under which open loop gain becomes unity. Beyond this range no more gain can be produced by the opamp. E. Input common mode voltage range It is defined as the input voltage ranges over which operational amplifier (OTA) will not work properly. So for normal o ...
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)

www.mccsemi .com - Micro Commercial Components
www.mccsemi .com - Micro Commercial Components

... make corrections, modifications , enhancements , improvements , or other changes . Micro Commercial Components Corp . does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product described herein; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights ,nor the rights of oth ...
wepls135
wepls135

Characterizing a single photon detector
Characterizing a single photon detector

Measurement of ohmic resistances, bridge circuits
Measurement of ohmic resistances, bridge circuits

... Instead of determining the resistance from a current/voltage measurement, it can also be directly measured using an analogous ohmmeter (pointer instrument). In the simplest case such an ohmmeter consists of a voltage source (battery), to which the resistance R is connected, a variable internal resis ...
E92502 - ijarest
E92502 - ijarest

... Voltage multiplier circuit The CWVM is a device which converts sine wave (AC)power from a low voltage level to a high voltage DC. It is combined of a voltage multiplier steps system of capacitors and diodes which produces high voltages. This method eliminates the necessity for the weighty core and t ...
MID400 AC Line Monitor Logic-Out Device
MID400 AC Line Monitor Logic-Out Device

... voltage isolation. A very high current transfer ratio (defined as the ratio of the DC output current and the DC input current) is achieved through the use of high gain amplifier. The detector amplifier circuitry operates from a 5V DC supply and drives an open collector transistor output. The switc ...


... Power SMTracII requires no user intervention and will alert when significant levels are detected. It is ideal as a complimentary monitor to rotor flux, stator partial discharge and shaft and bearings vibration monitors. The system is available in two options, as self-standing SMTracII device, or as ...
PPT
PPT

... Resistance is NOT Futile! Electrons are not “completely free to move” in a conductor. They move erratically, colliding with the nuclei all the time: this is what we call “resistance”. The mechanical analog is FRICTION. The resistance is related to the potential we need to apply to a device to drive ...
AN1645 - STMicroelectronics
AN1645 - STMicroelectronics

Get low-noise, low-ripple, high
Get low-noise, low-ripple, high

WG3-6-7-11-05-003_Trigger_current_%28ECL%29
WG3-6-7-11-05-003_Trigger_current_%28ECL%29

... The purpose of this test is to verify the current level required to cause an ECL in a surge protector to change state at a given ambient temperature. ...
DC Decoupling / AC Grounding and Over
DC Decoupling / AC Grounding and Over

...  Primary (utility) phase-to-ground fault current/time  Ask utility for this value  Select decoupler that exceeds this value ...
AB21 Class A Amplifier Analog Lab Experiment - Hik
AB21 Class A Amplifier Analog Lab Experiment - Hik

... The class A amplifiers are the amplifiers which deliver maximum undistorted symmetrical output voltage swing to the low impedance load. Generally any system (like a stereo, radio or television) consists of several stages of amplification. When the signal passes through these stages, the power level ...
The flow of current through a circuit can be compared to the flow of
The flow of current through a circuit can be compared to the flow of

... Simplifying assumptions of modern electrotonic theory: 1) Segments are cylinders. 2) The electrotonic potential is due to a change in the membrane potential, with respect to a “resting” membrane potential that does not, in fact, exist in real cells. 3) Electrotonic current is ohmic, i.e. it follows ...
Control of Voltage Source Inverter with an LCL Filter without Voltage
Control of Voltage Source Inverter with an LCL Filter without Voltage

Series and Parallel Circuits 2_ppt_RevW10
Series and Parallel Circuits 2_ppt_RevW10

Student Handout #2 Extract - AS 440-221, Safe Laboratory
Student Handout #2 Extract - AS 440-221, Safe Laboratory

... circuits, as the difference in resistance between dry skin and skin wet by either water or perspiration will usually vary considerably more than a factor of five. Further, in low-voltage shock, there is much greater danger of having current in the range which will cause ventricular fibrillation (con ...
Aleph 1.2 - Pass Labs
Aleph 1.2 - Pass Labs

Set No: 1
Set No: 1

... arm bc is a non-reactive resistor R3 in parallel with a standard capacitor C3; arm CD is a non-reactive resistor R4 in parallel with a standard capacitor C4; arm da is a standard air capacitor of capacitance C2.Without the specimen between the electrodes, balance is obtained with the following value ...
Circuits Review 2007-2008
Circuits Review 2007-2008

... 12. A timing circuit is based on an RC circuit. The 5.2 mF capacitor is linked in series to a 8 k resistor and attached to a 120 V power supply to charge it. a) What is the time constant for this circuit?  = RC = 5.2 mF x 8 k = 41.6 s b) i) What is the voltage across the capacitor at the moment i ...
Single-Supply, 10MHz, Rail-to-Rail Output, Low-Noise, JFET Amplifier OPA141 OPA2141
Single-Supply, 10MHz, Rail-to-Rail Output, Low-Noise, JFET Amplifier OPA141 OPA2141

... Common-Mode Rejection Ratio vs Temperature ...
Ohm`s Law
Ohm`s Law

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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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